Ngaba uyazi ngale ntsholongwane iyingozi yefungus? (Mucormycosis) Masithethe!

Ngaba wakha weva ngale 'fungus emnyama'? Mhlawumbi wayiva kwiphephandaba okanye kwiindaba zikamabonwakude. Enyanisweni sisifo esoyikekayo nesinokuba yingozi. Namhlanje, masithethe ngale ntsholongwane yefungus, eyaziwa ngokwezonyango njengeMucormycosis, ngamazwi alula.

Yintoni iMucormycosis?

Ngamafutshane, iMucormycosis sisifo esiyingozi kakhulu sefungus . Sibangelwa liqela lefungus ezibizwa ngokuba yimucormycetes. Ezi fungus zinokuchaphazela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wethu. Umzekelo, zinokuchaphazela amehlo akho, ii-sinuses (izithuba ebunzini lakho nasezidleleni), ingqondo, imiphunga, isisu namathumbu (indlela yesisu), okanye ulusu.

Kwimeko enjalo, iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni leliphi ilungu lomzimba wakho elichaphazelekileyo yifungus. Ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-zygomycosis.

Khawucinge nje, ezi fungi zibizwa ngokuba zii-mucomycetes zihlala kwindawo esingqongileyo, ingakumbi emhlabeni, kumgquba, emagqabini abolayo, nakwiinkuni. Kodwa okumangalisayo kukuba, uninzi lwethu aluguli ngenxa yezi fungi. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abanesifo seswekile, iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza, okanye ezinye iimeko ezenza buthathaka amasosha omzimba basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yi-mucomycosis.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba i-mucormycosis sisifo esinokubulala . Ke ngoko, ukuba unale mpawu, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka uye esibhedlele okanye ufumane ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeMucormycosis?

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili ze-mucormycosis. Nazi:

• Uhlobo oluchaphazela impumlo, amehlo, kunye nengqondo (i-Rhino-orbital-cerebral okanye i-Rhinocerebral mucormycosis)
• I-Pulmonary mucormycosis
• I-cutaneous mucormycosis
• Uhlobo oluchaphazela inkqubo yokugaya ukutya (i-Gastrointestinal mucormycosis)
• I-mucormycosis esasazekileyo

Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?

Iimpawu ze-mucormycosis zixhomekeke ekubeni leliphi ilungu lomzimba wakho elisulelekileyo. Usenokuba neempawu empumlweni yakho, emiphungeni, kwindlela yokugaya ukutya, ejikeleze amehlo akho, okanye eluswini lwakho.

Uhlobo oluchaphazela impumlo, amehlo, kunye nengqondo (Rhino-orbital-cerebral Mucormycosis)

Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-mucormycosis . Kwimeko enjalo, i-fungus iqala yosulele ii-sinuses zakho kwaye inokusasazeka iye kwi-orbit kunye nengqondo. Ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abanesifo seswekile esinzima nesingenakulawulwa (umzekelo, i-A1C engaphezulu kwe-8% nangona unyango luhlala lusenziwa ixesha elingaphezu konyaka) nakubantu abaye bafakelwa amalungu omzimba.

Iimpawu zolu hlobo zezi:

• Ifiva
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Intlungu ye-sinus (intlungu ebunzini, ezidleleni)
• Ukuxinana kwempumlo
• Izilonda okanye izilonda eluphahleni lomlomo
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono okanye ukubona kabini
• Ubunzima bokujika amehlo nokuncuma (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'cranial nerve palsy')
• Amehlo avele ngaphandle (i-proptosis)
• Ukudumba okujikeleze amehlo
• Iinyembezi ezimnyama okanye ubomvu emehlweni
• Ukudideka okanye olunye utshintsho lwengqondo

I-Pulmonary Mucormycosis

Olu sulelo lwemiphunga lolona hlobo lwesibini oluxhaphakileyo. Luxhaphake kakhulu kwi:

• Abantu abanomhlaza onxulumene negazi (umz., i-leukemia, i-lymphoma, okanye i-myeloma), ingakumbi abo banamanqanaba aphantsi eeseli ezithile ezimhlophe zegazi (i-neutropenia)
• Kwabo bafakelwe umongo wethambo
• Kwabo baye bafakelwa amalungu omzimba aqinileyo

Iimpawu zolu hlobo:

• Ifiva
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla)
• Ukukhohlela igazi (i-hemoptysis)

I-Cutaneous Mucormycosis

Olu hlobo losulelo lwenzeka xa i-fungus ingena eluswini lwakho ngokusikwa okanye ukukrweleka. Khawuthelekelele ukuba unenxeba elincinci kwaye into efana nothuli ingena enxebeni. Oku kunokubangela ukuba le fungus ingene. Okumangalisayo kukuba, olu hlobo luqhelekile nakubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezisempilweni.

Iimpawu zolusu:

• Amadyungudyungu abuhlungu, izilonda, okanye amaqhuma aqinileyo eluswini
• Ubomvu besikhumba, ukutshintsha kombala, okanye ukudumba

Olu tshintsho lolusu luya lusiba lubi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Luba mnyama, lusasazeke kwiindawo ezinkulu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha lunokungena kwizihlunu okanye emathanjeni.

Uhlobo oluchaphazela inkqubo yokugaya ukutya (iGastrointestinal Mucormycosis)

Olu luhlobo losulelo lwesisu okanye amathumbu. Luxhaphake kakhulu kwiintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha. Kodwa kutshanje, luye lwanda nakubantu abadala abane-immune system ephantsi (neutropenia), abantu abasebenzisa amayeza e-corticosteroid ixesha elide, kunye nabantu abanezinye izifo ezenza buthathaka amasosha omzimba.

Iimpawu:

• Intlungu yesisu
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Ukopha kwamathumbu

I-Mucormycosis esasazekileyo

Kwimeko enjalo, usulelo lusasazeka ngegazi luye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Ludla ngokuchaphazela ingqondo, kodwa lunokuchaphazela nentliziyo, ipleyini, okanye ulusu. Olu lolona hlobo lubi nolubulalayo lwe-mucormycosis. Ludla ngokubonakala kakhulu kwi:

• Abantu abanomhlaza onxulumene negazi, ingakumbi abo bane-neutropenia
• Abantu abaye bafakelwa umongo wethambo
• Abantu abaye bafakelwa amalungu omzimba aqinileyo

Ngenxa yokuba olu hlobo luchaphazela amalungu amaninzi omzimba, iimpawu zezinye iintlobo ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla nazo zinokubonakala, kunye neempawu zazo naziphi na iimeko zempilo ezingabonakaliyo onokuba nazo.

Kutheni iMucormycosis isenzeka?

I-Mucomycosis ibangelwa ziintlobo ngeentlobo zefungus. Ezona zixhaphakileyo yiRhizopus oryzae kunye neRhizopus delemar. (Ezi ziintlobo ezithile zefungus.) Ezi fungus zihlala kwindawo ezingqongileyo - ngakumbi emhlabeni, kumgquba, emagqabini abolayo kunye neenkuni ezitshisiweyo. Zinokufumaneka nasekutyeni okungahlanjwanga kakuhle. Uninzi lwethu aluguli ngokuphefumla okanye ngokuchukumisa ezi fungus. Kodwa ukuba uneengxaki ezithile zempilo, inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela isenokungakwazi ukulwa nosulelo.

Oku kusifikelela njani kuthi?

Ungafumana i-mucormycosis ngokuphefumla ii-spores (iindawo zokuzala ze-fungus) zezi fungi, ukutya into enazo, okanye ukuzisusa esikhumbeni. Ezi spores zincinci kangangokuba asinakuzibona okanye siziphephe.

Akuqhelekanga ukuba idluliselwe kwizibhedlele, ngezixhobo zonyango ezingcolisiweyo, nasemva kweentlekele zemvelo. Umzekelo, iinkanyamba ezinkulu zinokuvusa umhlaba omninzi zize zikhuphe ifungus emoyeni.

Ingaba oku kusulela umntu komnye umntu?

Hayi. I-Mucormycosis ayisasazeki ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Le fungus ungayifumana kuphela kwindawo ohlala kuyo.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-mucormycosis?

Abantu abanesifo seswekile kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo ezenza amajoni omzimba abe buthathaka basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yile meko. Kwakhona, ukuba ne-iron eninzi emzimbeni kunokubangela oku. Izinto ezinobungozi ziquka:

• Isifo seswekile, ingakumbi xa uneemeko ezifana ne-hyperglycemia kunye ne-ketoacidosis.
• Ukuba ndifakelwe amalungu omzimba aqinileyo.
• Ukuba ukhe wafakelwa i-hematopoietic stem cell (ukufakelwa umongo wethambo).
• I-Neutropenia kukuncipha kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neutrophils.
• Umhlaza, ingakumbi i-leukemia, i-lymphoma, okanye i-myeloma.
• Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamayeza e-corticosteroid.
• Ukujova iziyobisi ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
• Imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-hemochromatosis (eyandisa ubungakanani besinyithi emzimbeni - `ukugqithiswa kwesinyithi`).
• Ukutsha okanye ukwenzakala okukhulu kwesikhumba okuvumela ukungcola kunye neentsholongwane ukuba zingene enxebeni.
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha okanye ukuzalwa unobunzima obuphantsi.

Ngamafutshane, ukuba inkqubo yomzimba wakho yokulwa nezifo (inkqubo yomzimba yokulwa nezifo) ibuthathaka, kunokwenzeka ukuba ube nale meko.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zesi sifo?

I-Mucormycosis inokubangela iingxaki ezinobungozi nezisongela ubomi, kuquka:

• I-Cavernous sinus thrombosis: Le yi-blood clot eyenzeka kwi-sinus yakho. Inokuba yingozi.
• I-Necrotizing fasciitis: Isifo se-fasciitis esibangela ukuvuvukala kwamalungu omzimba:Olu luhlobo losulelo oluyingozi nolusasazeka ngokukhawuleza (olubizwa ngokuba "yintsholongwane etya inyama"). Lunokuba yingozi.
• I-Osteomyelitis: Olu lusulelo lwamathambo akho. Amathambo anokutshatyalaliswa.

Ezi ziimeko eziyingozi kakhulu, yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Ungayixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo le sifo? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ugqirha unokurhanela ukuba une-mucormycosis ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho kunye nezinye iimeko zempilo onazo. Ukuqinisekisa oku, baza kuthatha imifanekiso (imifanekiso) yamalungu omzimba achaphazelekayo baze bahlole izicubu zomzimba wakho ukuze babone ukuba kukho ifungi.

Uvavanyo loku:

• Ukufota: Kunokwenziwa ii-X-ray zesifuba, ii-CT scans (ii-computed tomography scans), okanye ii-MRI (i-magnetic resonance imaging).
• I-ultrasound ye-Endobronchial: Olu luhlobo lwe-bronchoscopy. Oku kuthetha ukuba isixhobo se-ultrasound esiqhotyoshelwe kwityhubhu ebhityileyo nekhanyisiweyo sisetyenziselwa ukuthatha imifanekiso yangaphakathi yemiphunga.
• I-biopsy yezicubu: Ugqirha unokujonga izicwili zakho nge-microscope okanye ngovavanyo lwelabhoratri ukubona ukuba kukho i-mucormycosis fungi.

Inyangwa njani iMucormycosis?

Oogqirha banyanga i-mucormycosis ngamayeza okubola. Basenokufuna ukwenza utyando lokususa izicubu ezisulelekileyo okanye ezifileyo. Amayeza okubola asetyenziselwa oku ngala:

• I-Amphotericin B
• I-Posaconazole `(Posaconazole)`
• I-Isavuconazole

Kuya kufuneka uthabathe olu nyango lokubola kwesikhunta kangangeeveki, mhlawumbi iinyanga.

Ngaba esi sifo sinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Ewe, kunokwenzeka. Kodwa kufuneka inyangwe ngokukhawuleza. Nokuba unyango lulibaziseka iintsuku ezimbalwa, amathuba okusinda anokuncitshiswa kakhulu. Nokuba unyango luqalwe ngokukhawuleza, kunokuba nzima ukulunyanga.

Unyango olukhawulezileyo lelona thuba lilungileyo lokusindisa ubomi!

Lithini izinga lokufa ngenxa yeMucormycosis?

Ngenxa yokuba kunzima ukunyanga kwaye ngenxa yokuba abantu abaninzi abane-mucormycosis baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka, izinga lokufa liphezulu. Izinga lokufa kuzo zonke iintlobo ze-mucormycosis limalunga ne-54%. I-Mucormycosis echaphazela kuphela ii-sinuses inezinga lokufa eliphantsi kancinci (malunga ne-46%). Nangona kunjalo, i-mucormycosis esasazekileyo esasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba idla ngokubulala.

Le yingxaki enzulu. Ngenxa yokuba esi sifo kunzima ukunyanga, kwaye ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwabantu abasifumanayo abanamajoni omzimba aphantsi, izinga lokufa liphezulu. Kodwa ungalilahli ithemba, kukho ithuba lokuchacha ngonyango lwakwangoko.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba unenye yezi meko zilandelayo, buza ugqirha indlela yokuthintela usulelo lwefungus kunye nendlela yokuzibona kwangethuba:

• Ukuba unesifo seswekile okanye umhlaza.
• Ukuba ukhe wafakelwa amalungu omzimba okanye wafakelwa i-stem cell.
• Ukuba unesifo okanye usela amayeza awenza buthathaka amasosha omzimba wakho.

Ndingaya nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

I-Mucormycosis ingabulala ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba uneempawu ze-mucormycosis, ingakumbi ukuba unesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba okanye isifo seswekile, yiya kwigumbi longxamiseko ngokukhawuleza. Soloko ufuna unyango olungxamisekileyo ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu zilandelayo ziqatha:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezulu kwe-103 Fahrenheit/40 Celsius).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ukukhohlela igazi.
• Amehlo avuvukileyo okanye ukudumba okujikeleze amehlo.
• Utshintsho lombono, njengombono ophindwe kabini.
• Ukudideka okanye olunye utshintsho lwengqondo.
• Ukuxhuzula.
• Incindi emnyama okanye iinyembezi.
• Inxeba elingapholiyo, eliqhubeka lisasazeka, okanye elijika libe mnyama.

Ukuba unenye yezi mpawu, yiya esibhedlele ngaphandle kokulibazisa!

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Kunganceda ukubuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Ingaba ndisemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana usulelo lwefungus?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukunciphisa umngcipheko wam?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndizijonge kwaye kufuneka ndifune nini ingcebiso kagqirha?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
• Yintoni endinokuyilindela ngolu xilongo?

Ngaba kukho iindlela zokuthintela iMucormycosis? (Ukuthintela)

Iifungi ezibangela i-mucormycosis zisijikelezile, ngoko ke kunzima ukuziphepha ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa nazi ezinye iindlela onokuzithatha ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo lwefungus:

• Ukuba unesifo esikubeka esichengeni sosulelo olukhulu lwefungus, sebenzisana nogqirha wakho ukuze usilawule.
• Ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wosulelo lwefungus, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okulwa nefungus ukunceda ekuthinteleni ukugula.
• Ukuba umsebenzi wakho ubeka emngciphekweni wokufumana ifungus, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba usengozini enkulu yokosulelwa.
• Ziphephe iindawo ezinothuli, njengeendawo zokwakha. Ukuba kufuneka ube kwiindawo ezinjalo, nxiba imaski ethi "N95" (okanye ezinye izixhobo zokuzikhusela) ukunceda ekuhluzeni iintsholongwane zefungus emoyeni owuphefumlayo.
• Ziphephe izinto ezinokubangela ukuba uhlaselwe ziintsholongwane zefungus, ezifana nokulima igadi kunye nokumba. Nxiba iiglavu kunye nempahla egubungela ulusu oluninzi kangangoko xa usebenza ngaphandle.
• Hlamba amanxeba uze uwakrwele kakuhle ngesepha namanzi.

Ngaba i-COVID-19 iyawonyusa umngcipheko we-Mucormycosis?

Ngowama-2021, bekukho ukwanda kweemeko ze-mucormycosis phakathi kwabantu ababene-COVID-19. Kodwa iingcali aziqinisekanga ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ikhonkco. Aziqinisekanga nokuba ukuba ne-COVID-19 ngokwako kwanele na ukwandisa umngcipheko, kuba:

• Uninzi lweziganeko zibikwe kwiindawo zehlabathi apho i-mucormycosis ixhaphakileyo khona. Ngexesha lobhubhane we-COVID-19, malunga nomntu omnye kwabathathu one-mucormycosis kwezi ndawo wayengenayo i-COVID-19.
• Ngexesha lobhubhane, amatyala aliqela e-COVID-19 kunye ne-mucormycosis axelwe kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi (apho i-mucormycosis idla ngokungaxhaphakanga kangako), kodwa bekungekho kuqhambuka kosulelo lwefungus kwiindawo apho i-mucormycosis idla ngokungaxhaphakanga kangako.
• Abantu abaninzi ababene-mucormycosis kunye ne-COVID-19 babenesifo seswekile esingalawulekiyo okanye babesebenzisa amayeza e-corticosteroid. Ezi zizinto ezibangela umngcipheko we-mucormycosis.
• Abantu abaninzi ababene-COVID-19 kunye ne-mucormycosis babene-type echaphazela impumlo, amehlo, kunye nengqondo (rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis) - hayi usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwemiphunga onokululindela. Oku kukwabonisa ukuba ezinye iimeko ezingaphantsi, kungekuphela nje i-COVID-19, zinegalelo kolu sulelo.

Ngoko ke, kunzima ukutsho kwangoko ukuba oku kubangelwa yiCovid-19. Kunokubakho ezinye izinto ezibangela oku.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

I-Mucormycosis sisifo esingaqhelekanga . Sichaphazela malunga nomntu omnye okanye ababini kwisigidi ngonyaka. Kodwa ukuba uneengxaki zempilo ezenza buthathaka amasosha omzimba wakho, usengozini enkulu. Abantu abanesifo seswekile kunye ne-A1C ephezulu kufuneka balumke kakhulu.

Ukulawula iimeko zakho zempilo ezisisiseko yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuhlala usempilweni. Kodwa thetha nogqirha wakho ngezinye iindlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka. Angathetha ngazo naziphi na iingxaki onokuba nazo aze akuxelele ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka uziqaphele.

Esi asisosifo esichaphazela wonke umntu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unesifo esenza amasosha omzimba abe buthathaka, njengesifo seswekile, lumka kakhulu. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba uneempawu ze-mucormycosis, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko. Kuba unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokusindisa ubomi!

i- mucormycosis, i-black fungus, usulelo lwe-fungus, isifo seswekile, i-immune system, i-sinus, imiphunga, ulusu, ingqondo, i-fungus