Ngaba umntwana wakho ukhe wanerhashalala ezidleleni zakhe ngequbuliso, njenge-squirrel encinci? Ngaba nawe uthi unomkhuhlane kunye neentlungu? Kwiimeko ezininzi, eli lisenokuba yi-mumps esiye saziva ngayo sonke. Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kancinci xa usiva eli gama, kodwa ungakhathazeki. Masithethe ngayo yonke loo nto ngokweenkcukacha nangokulula.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-mumps?

Ngamafutshane, i-mumps sisifo esosulelayo esibangelwa yintsholongwane. Sibangelwa yintsholongwane ekwiqela leentsholongwane ze-paramyxoviruses. Esi sifo sidla ngokuqala njengomkhuhlane. Iimpawu ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu, iintlungu zomzimba, kunye nokudinwa ziqala ukubonakala.

Kodwa ke emva koko kuvela uphawu oluphawulekayo lwesi sifo. Oko kukudumba kwamathe kumacala omabini ezidlele zethu nangaphantsi kweendlebe. Oku kudumba kuthiwa yi-parotitis ngokwezonyango. Yiyo loo nto izidlele zibonakala zidumbile kwaye nomhlathi ubonakala udumbile.

Iimumps zazisisifo esixhaphakileyo phakathi kwabantwana abancinci. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokungeniswa kwegonyo le-mumps ngo-1967, inani lamatyala esi sifo lehla kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhambuka kwe-mumps kusenzeka, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezixineneyo ezifana neendawo zokulala zaseyunivesithi.

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukhusela umntwana wakho kwesi sifo kukufumana isitofu se-measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) ngexesha. Nangona i-mumps idla ngokuba sisifo esibi, ngamanye amaxesha inokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu.

Ngubani onokuthi afumane esi sifo?

I-mumps ixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abaneminyaka ephakathi kwemi-2 neli-12 abangakhange bafumane i-mumps vaccine. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba sele begonyiwe, abantu abaselula kunye nabantu abadala nabo banokuyifumana le ntsholongwane. Oku kungenxa yokuba amandla omzimba anikwa yi-vaccine anokuncipha emva kweminyaka embalwa emva kokuba begonyiwe. Nangona kunjalo, eyona ndlela ilungileyo nekuphela kwayo yokuzikhusela kwi-mumps kukufumana zombini iidosi ze-vaccine njengoko kucwangcisiwe.

Zithini iimpawu ze-mumps?

Iimpawu zokuqala azikho nzulu. Abanye abantu banokuba nale ntsholongwane ngaphandle kweempawu. Ngoko ke abazi nokuba banayo. Kungathatha phakathi kweentsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezingama-25 ukuba intsholongwane ingene emzimbeni kwaye kuvele iimpawu. Oku sikubiza ngokuba "lixesha lokufukama".

Masizihlukanise ngokucacileyo iimpawu.

Isasazeka njani i-mumps?

I-mumps sisifo esisulelayo kakhulu esisasazeka ngokudibana ngqo namathe okanye amathontsi okuphefumla (aphuma xa umntu osulelekileyo ekhohlela okanye ethimla).

Ingasasazwa ngale ndlela:

• Xa ukhohlela, uthimla, okanye uthetha.
• Xa nisabelana ngezinto ezifana namathoyizi, iikomityi, kunye neepuni ezingcoliswe ngamathe asulelekileyo.
• Ngexesha lokunxibelelana ngokusondeleyo, njengaxa udlala imidlalo, udanisa, okanye uqabulana.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo?

• Kwabo banenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka: Abantu abaneenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka ngenxa yezinye izifo okanye amayeza banokusifumana esi sifo lula.
• Kwabo bahamba kumazwe ngamazwe: Umngcipheko wokufumana intsholongwane uphezulu kwamanye amazwe.
• Kwabo bangakhange bagonywe: Aba ngabantu abasengozini enkulu.
• Abantu abahlala kufutshane: Abantu abahlala kwiindawo ezifana neendawo zokulala zaseyunivesithi nakwiindawo zomkhosi banamathuba amaninzi okufumana esi sifo omnye komnye.

Ixesha elingakanani esi sifo sisasazekayo?

Ewe, i-mumps iyosulela kakhulu. Ukuba umntwana wakho une-mumps, unokusasaza esi sifo kwabanye ukususela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba amathe aqale ukudumba ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezi-5 emva kokuba kuqale ukudumba . Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukugcina umntwana wakho kude nabanye abantu ngeli xesha. Akulunganga ukumthumela esikolweni okanye kwindawo yokugcina abantwana. Khumbula ukuba abantu abangenazo iimpawu banokusasaza esi sifo.

Ugqirha uyazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba le yi-mumps?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukubuza ngeempawu zomntwana wakho aze ahlole umntwana wakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukudumba ezidleleni kuya kwanele ukuxilonga i-mumps.

Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha uvavanyo lunokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

• Uvavanyo lwePCR: Ugqirha usebenzisa i-swab ukuze athathe isampuli ye-mucus ngaphakathi esidleleni okanye emqaleni womntwana aze ayithumele kwilebhu ukuze kuhlolwe ukuba ikhona na intsholongwane ye-mumps.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Kunokuthathwa isampulu yegazi ukuqinisekisa isifo okanye ukujonga ezinye izifo ezinokubangela ukuba amathe adumbe.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-mumps?

Akukho yeza lithile lokubulala intsholongwane ye-mumps. Ekubeni sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane, amajoni omzimba kufuneka alwe naso aze asinyange. Esi sifo sidla ngokuziphelela emva kweeveki ezimbini.

Unyango lwethu kukulawula iimpawu nokwenza umntwana azive ekhululekile kangangoko. Oku kungenziwa ngokwenza oku kulandelayo:

• Nika amanzi amaninzi okusela: izinto ezifana namanzi, ijusi yeziqhamo, kunye neparridge.
• Hlamba umlomo wakho ngamanzi afudumeleyo anetyuwa: Oku kuya kunciphisa iintlungu emqaleni nasemlonyeni.
• Mnike ukutya okuthambileyo nokulula ukukuhlafuna: izinto ezifana nerayisi, isuphu, kunye neyogathi.
• Musa ukunika umntu ukutya okumuncu neziselo: Izinto ezifana neeorenji kunye neelamuni zinokunyusa ukuveliswa kwamathe kwaye zonyuse intlungu.
• Faka iipakethi zomkhenkce okanye ucinezele ngobushushu kwiindawo ezidumbileyo: Oku kunokunciphisa iintlungu nokudumba.
• Nika amayeza okuthomalalisa iintlungu kunye namayeza okunciphisa umkhuhlane: Unganika amayeza afana neParacetamol okanye i-Ibuprofen njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuze umntu aphile kwesi sifo? Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingxaki?

Uninzi lwabantwana luyaphola ngokupheleleyo kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Umntwana angabuyela esikolweni malunga neveki emva kokuba iimpawu ziphelile kwaye ukudumba kuphelile. Xa umntu enesifo se-mumps, umngcipheko wokuba aphinde afumane esi sifo ebomini bakhe uphantsi kakhulu.

Nangona umkhuhlane we-mumps ungengowona mkhulu kangako, ngamanye amaxesha unokubakho iingxaki ezinkulu. Ezi azixhaphakanga kakhulu.

• I-Arthritis: Ukudumba kwamalungu kunye nentlungu.
• Ukungeva: Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okungapheliyo (kunqabile kakhulu).
• I-Encephalitis: Ukudumba kwengqondo.
• I-Meningitis: Ukudumba kwee-membrane ezigubungela ingqondo kunye nomqolo.
• I-Orchitis: Ukudumba kwamasende kumakhwenkwe, ingakumbi amadoda aselula. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni angafumani bantwana kamva ebomini.
• I-Oophoritis: Ukudumba kwamaqanda kumantombazana.
• I-Pancreatitis: Ukudumba kwepancreas.

Iimumps ngexesha lokukhulelwa zihlala zingenabungozi. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, zinokubangela ukuphuphuma kwesisu okanye ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha. Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye ukhe wadibana nomntu one-mumps, bona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.

Ngaba i-mumps ingathintelwa?

Kakade unako! I-mumps sisifo esinokuthintelwa ngempumelelo kakhulu nge-vaccine. Yiyo loo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-MMR vaccine . Oku kukhusela kuzo zonke ezi zifo zintathu: I-Maasles, i-Mumps, kunye ne-Rubella.

NgokweNkqubo yeSizwe yokuGonya yaseSri Lanka, umntwana ngamnye unikwa iidosi ezimbini zale gonyo.

• Idosi yokuqala iphakathi kweenyanga ezili-12-15 ubudala.
• Idosi yesibini iphakathi kweminyaka emi-4-6 ubudala.

Jonga irekhodi lokugonywa komntwana wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba zombini iidosi zinikwa ngexesha. Leyo yeyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kumntwana wakho.

Ingaba ugonyo lwe-MMR lukhuselekile?

Ewe, ugonyo lwe-MMR lugonyo olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo. Lusebenza malunga ne-90%. Uninzi lwabantwana alufumani ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ngamanye amaxesha, izinto ezincinci ezifana nokubomvu okuncinci, iintlungu, umkhuhlane omncinci, okanye amadyungudyungu amancinci eluswini anokwenzeka kwindawo yokufakwa inaliti.

Amaxesha amaninzi, umntwana unokuba ne-allergy xa egonywa. Ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana ubunzima bokuphefumla, ujika abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okanye uzive ediniwe emva nje kokufumana igonyo, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ngaphambi kokuba ugonye umntwana wakho, thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto ilandelayo:

• Ngaba umntwana ukhe waxhuzula ngaphambili, okanye kukho mntu uthile kusapho lwakhe okhe waxhuzula?
• Ngaba usela amayeza athintela inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba?
• Ngaba unesifo esinxulumene negazi?
• Ngaba wakha waba ne-allergy enkulu xa ugonyelwa i-MMR okanye naluphi na olunye ugonyo ngaphambili?