Ingaba intliziyo yakho nayo inengxaki enje? Masifunde nge-myocarditis!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva udiniwe nje, uphelelwa ngumphefumlo? Okanye uziva ngathi isifuba sakho sibuhlungu kancinci, okanye intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo? Ezi zizinto eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpawu zinokubangelwa yingxaki yentliziyo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngokudumba, oko kukuthi, ukudumba, kwemisipha yentliziyo. Ngokwezonyango, oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-myocarditis.

Yintoni i-myocarditis?

Ngamafutshane, i-myocarditis kukudumba okanye ukudumba kwemisipha yentliziyo yakho, i-myocardium. Cinga ngayo njengokuba xa sifumana isilonda eluswini lwethu, indawo iyadumba, ibomvu, kwaye ibe buhlungu. Xa oko kusenzeka kwimisipha yentliziyo, siyibiza ngokuba yi-myocarditis.

Xa izihlunu zentliziyo zivuvukala ngale ndlela, ukusebenza kwentliziyo kunokuphazamiseka. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuba intliziyo ipompe igazi. Le yimeko engaqhelekanga, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ayiqhelekanga. Abanye abantu banokuyifumana ngequbuliso, ngelixa abanye benokubonakala benazo iimpawu kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.

I-Myocarditis yahlukile kwezinye iimeko zokudumba kwentliziyo. Umzekelo:

• I-Pericarditis kukudumba kwengxowa ejikeleze intliziyo.
• I-Endocarditis sisifo okanye ukudumba kweevalvu zentliziyo.

Kukho neentlobo ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga ze-myocarditis:

• I-myocarditis ye-lymphocytic
• I-myocarditis yeseli enkulu
• I-Fulminant myocarditis
• I-Eosinophilic myocarditis

Kuvakala njani ukuba une-myocarditis?

Abantu abaninzi abane-myocarditis banokufumana ukudinwa, ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo, iintlungu zesifuba, okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo. Abanye abantu banokufumana ezi mpawu kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Abanye banokuba nohlaselo oluqatha ngequbuliso. Xa i-myocarditis iba mandundu, iimpawu zokusilela kwentliziyo zinokuvela. Kulapho intliziyo iyeka ukusebenza kakuhle.

Ziziphi iimpawu zeMyocarditis?

Usenokungabi nazo naziphi na iimpawu kwaphela. Okanye usenokuba nenye okanye ngaphezulu. Ubunzima bezi mpawu bungahluka kumntu nomntu. Jonga ukuba unayo na kwezi mpawu:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ingakumbi xa uzilolonga okanye ulele phantsi)
• Ukudinwa okukhulu, ukudinwa
• Umkhuhlane (ukuba unxulumene nosulelo lwentsholongwane)
• Intlungu yesifuba (enokuthi ivakale ibukhali, ihlaba, okanye ifane noxinzelelo esifubeni)
• Ukuziva ngathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawulezaUkubetha kwentliziyo okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga
• Intlungu yesisu
• I-Vertigo (ukuziva ngathi uyajikeleza)
• Isingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga
• Ukuquleka
• Umnqweno wokutya
• Umzimba ongenabomi
• Ukudumba kwemilenze okanye amaqatha
• Ukungakwazi ukuzilolonga

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba malunga ne-1.5 yezigidi zeemeko ze-myocarditis zixelwa kwihlabathi liphela minyaka le. Oku kuthetha ukuba esi sifo sinokuchaphazela abantu abaphakathi kwe-10 kunye nama-20 kwi-100,000 nganye . Ngoko ke, nangona kubonakala ngathi asiqhelekanga kangako, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba nabani na unokuba naso.

Kutheni kukho i-myocarditis?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, kunzima ukufumana unobangela othile we-myocarditis. Nangona kunjalo, unobangela oqhelekileyo lusulelo lwentsholongwane. Ezinye zeentsholongwane ezibangela i-myocarditis zezi:

• Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane
• Intsholongwane yeHerpes ezintandathu
• I-Adenovirus
• Intsholongwane yeCoxsackie
• I-Parvovirus B19
• Intsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

Ziziphi ezinye izizathu?

I-Myocarditis inokubangelwa zezinye izizathu ngaphandle kweentsholongwane:

• Usulelo lweebhaktheriya
• Usulelo lwefungus (oku kunqabile kakhulu)
• Isifo seChagas
• Umkhuhlane werheumatic
• Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo emzimbeni - Umzekelo, isifo samathambo okanye i-lupus. Ezi zizifo apho inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela iiseli zayo.
• Ukuchanabeka kwizinto ezithile - umzekelo, imitha okanye iintsimbi ezinzima.

Ngaba kungenxa yamayeza athile?

Ewe, i-myocarditis inokwenzeka ngenxa yemiphumo emibi yamanye amayeza. Amanye ala mayeza aquka:

• Amanye amayeza esifo sentliziyo
• Amayeza okudakumba (Amayeza okudakumba)
• Amayeza okuxhuzula
• Ii-antibiotics
• Amanye amayeza okunciphisa umzimba
• I-Diuretics (amayeza asusa amanzi emzimbeni)
• IiBenzodiazepines (uhlobo lwamayeza abangela ukozela nokunciphisa ixhala)
• Amanye amayeza eengxaki zempilo yengqondo

Ngaba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-myocarditis kunye nogonyo lwe-Covid-19?

Ewe, oku kubalulekile. Amaxesha amaninzi , kuye kwaxelwa amatyala e-myocarditis kubantu abafumene ugonyo lwe-Pfizer-BioNTech® okanye iModerna® COVID-19, ingakumbi kubantu abancinci. Iimpawu zinokuvela kwiveki yokuqala yokufumana ugonyo.

Kodwa khumbula, oku kuyinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu.Abantu abaninzi abaye banesifo sentliziyo ngenxa yesi sitofu baye baphila ngokukhawuleza emva konyango baze babuyela ebomini obuqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unesifo sentliziyo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka udibane nogqirha wentliziyo ngaphambi kokuba uqale umthambo kwakhona.

I-CDC (iZiko loLawulo lweZifo kunye nokuThintela) ithi umngcipheko wokufumana i-COVID-19 ungaphezulu kakhulu kunomngcipheko wolu phawu lungaqhelekanga, ngoko ke basacebisa ukuba ufumane ugonyo.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo sentliziyo?

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi esingenakuzitshintsha. Usethubeni lokuba ne-myocarditis ukuba unayo:

• Ukuba uselula. Kodwa, oku kunokwenzeka nakubani na wanoma yiphi na iminyaka.
• Ukuba uyindoda. Kodwa nabasetyhini banokuyiphuhlisa.
• Impendulo yomzimba wakho ekuvuvukeni ayilunganga. I-Myocarditis ayisosifo esizuzwa njengelifa. Nangona kunjalo, ii-genes zakho zinokuchaphazela indlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo ekuvuvukeni kunye nomngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-myocarditis.
• Ukuba usela utywala obuninzi ngaphezu koko ugqirha wakho akuxelele kona.

Ezinye iindlela zonyango zinokunyusa umngcipheko we-myocarditis. Ezi ziquka:

• I-Dialysis (i-dialysis - ukuhluzwa kwegazi xa izintso zingasebenzi kakuhle)
• Izixhobo zentliziyo ezifakelweyo
• Unyango ngemitha
• Ezinye iindlela zonyango zesifo sentliziyo
• Ukuba nomgca ophakathi wemithambo yegazi ofakwe emthanjeni

Umngcipheko wokuba ne-myocarditis uphezulu ukuba unezi meko zilandelayo:

• Isifo Seswekile (iDiabetes Mellitus)
• I-HIV/AIDS
• Amanxeba okanye izifo zesikhumba
• Umhlaza unyangwa ngamayeza athile
• Iingxaki zokutya
• Isifo sezintso esikwinqanaba lokugqibela
• Ingozi esifubeni

Ziziphi ezinye iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ngenxa ye-myocarditis?

Abanye abantu banokuba nezinye iingxaki zempilo ngenxa ye-myocarditis. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• I-Cardiomyopathy - Ubuthathaka okanye ukwanda kwemisipha yentliziyo.
• Iingxaki zemiphunga
• I-Arrhythmia - ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga
• Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo
• Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo - ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo
• Uxinzelelo lwentliziyo - imeko esongela ubomi ebangelwa kukungakwazi kwentliziyo ukupompa igazi elaneleyo
• Ukufa kwentliziyo ngequbuliso

Ugqirha ufumanisa njani i-myocarditis?

Ugqirha wakho uza kusebenzisa ezi zinto ukufumanisa ukuba unayo na i-myocarditis:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba: Ugqirha uza kwenza izinto ezifana nokumamela intliziyo yakho aze ajonge ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho.
• Imbali yezonyango: Uza kubuzwa ngazo naziphi na izifo okhe waba nazo ngaphambili, ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo sentliziyo, kunye namayeza owasebenzisayo.
• Uvavanyo oluKhethekileyo: Kunokwenziwa uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa isifo.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo?

Ukufumanisa ukuba yi-myocarditis okanye enye ingxaki, ugqirha unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezifana nezi:

• Iskeni ye-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Inokufumana imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zentliziyo.
• I-biopsy yentliziyo: Ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili sentliziyo uze usihlole phantsi kwe-microscope yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqinisekisa isifo.
• Iskeni yePET (Positron Emission Tomography): Inceda ekufumaneni iindawo ezinokuvuvukala entliziyweni.
• I-X-reyi yesifuba: Ukujonga ubungakanani bentliziyo kunye nokuba kukho ulwelo oluqokeleleneyo emiphungeni.
• Ukufakwa kwe-catheter kwintliziyo: Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo kwigumbi lentliziyo nokujonga ukuvaleka kwemithambo yentliziyo.
• I-ECG/EKG (i-Electrocardiogram): Irekhoda umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo. Ingabona ukungahambi kakuhle kwentliziyo.
• I-Echocardiogram: I-ultrasound scan yentliziyo. Ingajonga izinto ezinje ngobukhulu, imilo, kunye nendlela intliziyo epompa ngayo igazi.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga izinto ezifana namanqanaba ee-enzymes eziqokelelana egazini xa izihlunu zentliziyo zonakele, kunye neempawu zokudumba.

Ngaba i-myocarditis inganyangeka? Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Ukuba unesifo sentliziyo esincinci, sinokuphela ngokwaso. Ngaphandle koko, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza.

Ngaba inganyangwa ngamayeza?

Ewe, ugqirha angakunika amayeza alandelayo okunyanga i-myocarditis:

• Amayeza okungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo: La mayeza anceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kwentliziyo nokunciphisa iimpawu. Umzekelo, ii-ACE inhibitors, ii-beta blockers, ii-diuretics.
• IiCorticosteroids: Ezi luhlobo lwamayeza anciphisa ukudumba.
• I-Intravenous (IV) immunoglobulin (IVIG): Olu lunyango olutshintsha ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwaye lunciphise ukudumba.

Ngaba utyando luza kufuneka?

Ukuba i-myocarditis ibangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo okanye isingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga, kwaye imeko inzima, utyando lokufakelwa isixhobo esifana nesi lunokufuneka:

• I-LVAD (Isixhobo Sokuncedisa I-Ventricular Yasekhohlo): Isixhobo esinceda i-ventricle yasekhohlo yentliziyo ukuba ipompe igazi.
• I-Pacemaker: Isixhobo esifakelwe ukulungisa ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga.
• Ukufakelwa kwentliziyo (Intliziyo yomnikelo): Njengendlela yokugqibela, intliziyo ephilileyo evela komnye umntu inokufuneka ifakelwe kwenye.

Yintoni esinokuyenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba ne-myocarditis?

Ngelishwa, uninzi lwezizathu ze-myocarditis (ingakumbi usulelo lwentsholongwane) kunzima ukuzithintela. Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuhlamba izandla zakho rhoqo kwaye uhlale usempilweni. Oku kuya kukunceda uphephe usulelo olunokubangela i-myocarditis.

Kubalulekile nokufumana ugonyo lomkhuhlane wakho ngexesha. Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunye nokungasebenzisi iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni nazo zizinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko onokuzilawula.

Liyintoni ikamva ukuba ndifumana isifo sentliziyo?

Ukuqikelela kwakho ukuba une-myocarditis kuxhomekeke ekubeni iimpawu zakho zinzima kangakanani na kunye nokuba kukho ukudumba okungakanani entliziyweni yakho. Abantu abaninzi baphila iminyaka emininzi ngaphandle kweengxaki emva konyango. Abanye banokufuna ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa amayeza. Kwakhona, unobungozi obuncinci bokufumana i-myocarditis kwakhona.

Kwabanye abantu, i-myocarditis inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu, ezifana ne-dilated cardiomyopathy. Kulapho intliziyo iba nkulu kwaye ibe buthathaka. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kunokukhokelela ekusileleni kwentliziyo, okunokufuna ukufakelwa intliziyo. Kuthiwa i-myocarditis ikwabangela malunga ne-20% yokufa ngequbuliso kubantu abancinci. Nangona uninzi lwabantu luchacha, inokuba yimeko esongela ubomi.

Ngokwesiqhelo, phakathi kwama-50% nama-80% abantu abane-viral myocarditis baphila iminyaka emihlanu nangaphezulu emva kokuba bexilongiwe. Abantu abaninzi, ingakumbi ulutsha, bayachacha ngokupheleleyo kwaye baphila ubomi obusempilweni nobusebenzayo.

Singayinyanga njani i-myocarditis?

Ukuba une-myocarditis kanye, inokuphinda yenzeke emva kweminyaka. Ngoko ke, qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho ukuba uneempawu kwakhona. Ukuze uhlale usempilweni, yenza ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Qiniseka ukuba uya kugqirha ngemihla ebekiweyo.
• Sela amayeza amiselweyo ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha elifanelekileyo.
• Musa ukuzilolonga de ugqirha wakho akuxelele ukuba wenze njalo.
• Nciphisa ityuwa ekutyeni kwakho.
• Yeka ukusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba.
• Musa ukusela utywala.

Kwakhona, ugqirha unokufuna ukuphinda ezinye zeemvavanyo ezisetyenzisiweyo ukwenza uxilongo (umz., i-echocardiogram, i-MRI scan).

Imibuzo ebalulekileyo yokubuza ugqirha wakho

Xa usiya kugqirha, ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Kutheni ndibe ne-myocarditis?
• Ngaba ndiza kufuna unyango lwe-myocarditis?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndihlale ndisempilweni?

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

I-Myocarditis yimeko engaqhelekanga enokwenza izihlunu zentliziyo yakho zibe buthathaka. Ngelishwa, uninzi lwezinto ezibangela le ngxaki kunzima ukuzithintela. Nangona abanye abantu benokuba neempawu eziqatha, abantu abaninzi baphila iminyaka emininzi bengenazo iingxaki emva konyango.

Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuhlala ubona ugqirha wakho ngexesha, usele amayeza owanikwe ngugqirha wakho njengoko eyalelwe, kwaye wazise ugqirha wakho ukuba iimpawu zakho ziyabuya. Musa ukoyika, kodwa qaphela oku.

I- myocarditis, ukudumba kwentliziyo, izihlunu zentliziyo, iintlungu zesifuba, ukuphefumla okufutshane, isifo sentliziyo, usulelo lwentsholongwane