Ingaba intliziyo ayifumani gazi laneleyo? Masifunde nge-NSTEMI (Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction)

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva uxinezelekile esifubeni sakho, uzive ungaqhelekanga, okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla? Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa yesifo se-gastritis. Kodwa akusoloko kunjalo. Isenokuba yingxaki yentliziyo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo olunjalo, oluyimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-NSTEMI.

Yintoni i-NSTEMI? Ngamafutshane...

I-NSTEMI luhlobo lohlaselo lwentliziyo. Oku kwenzeka xa inxalenye yentliziyo yakho ingafumani ioksijini eyaneleyo. Cinga nje, njengayo yonke inxalenye yomzimba wethu, intliziyo ifuna ioksijini egazini ukuze isebenze. Kuxa unikezelo lweoksijini luphazamisekile apho iingxaki ziqala khona.

Ifumene igama layo kuba, njengolunye uhlobo olukhulu lohlaselo lwentliziyo, i-STEMI, akukho tshintsho lucacileyo, olukhulu kumsebenzi wombane wentliziyo olubonakala kwi-ECG. Nangona kunjalo, isengumngcipheko wezonyango oyingozi kakhulu, osongela ubomi . Ngoko ke ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uneempawu zohlaselo lwentliziyo, kubalulekile ukuya esibhedlele okanye ubize i-ambulensi ngoko nangoko. Ukulibazisa unyango kunokubangela umonakalo wentliziyo ongapheliyo okanye nokufa.

Kutheni oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-NSTEMI?

Ngokwezonyango, uhlaselo lwentliziyo lubizwa ngokuba yi-"Myocardial Infarction". "Infarction" ithetha ukuba inxalenye yomzimba ilahlekelwa ligazi kwaye loo nxalenye iqala ukufa. "Myocardial" ithetha into enxulumene nemisipha yentliziyo. Ngoko ke, xa imisipha yentliziyo ingafumani gazi laneleyo, loo nxalenye iqala ukungasebenzi kakuhle.

Umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo yethu unokubonwa lula ngovavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-"Electrocardiogram" okanye "ECG". Usenokuba ulubonile, uvavanyo olubandakanya ukuncamathisela iisensa ezincinci kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Oku kubonisa imo ye-wave yombane yentliziyo ephepheni okanye kwimonitha. Kukho iindawo ezahlukeneyo zale mo ye-wave, ezibizwa ngoonobumba abanjengo-P, Q, R, S, T.

Kwi-STEMI heart attacks, inxalenye yale waveform ebizwa ngokuba yi-"ST segment" inyuka ngaphezu kwamanqanaba aqhelekileyo. Oku kuyichaza ngokucacileyo njenge-STEMI. I-STEMI idla ngokuvela xa umthambo omkhulu wentliziyo ohambisa igazi entliziyweni uvalekile ngokupheleleyo.

Nangona kunjalo, kwi-NSTEMI, akukho ukuphakama okubonakalayo kwe-`(icandelo le-ST)`. Ngamanye amaxesha, utshintsho oluncinci lunokubonwa kwi-`ECG`, kodwa akucaci njengakwi-STEMI. Ke ngoko, ezinye iimvavanyo, ingakumbi uvavanyo lwegazi, zibaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni i-NSTEMI. Kule nto, kukho ukuvaleka okuncinci kwemithambo yentliziyo, kungekhona ukuvaleka okupheleleyo, okanye ukuvaleka komthambo omncinci osuka kumthambo oyintloko.

Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana i-NSTEMI? (Izinto ezibangela umngcipheko)

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokubangela isifo sentliziyo. Ezinye zazo singazilawula, kodwa ezinye asinakuzitshintsha.

Izinto esinokuzitshintsha:

Ezi zizinto ezinxulumene nendlela esiphila ngayo.

• Ukutshaya nokusebenzisa icuba: Le yenye yezona ntshaba ziphambili zentliziyo.
• Ukutya:Izinto esizityayo neziselayo, ingakumbi ukutya okunetyuwa eninzi (okunokunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi), iswekile (enegalelo kwisifo seswekile), kunye neoyile/amafutha (anegalelo kwi-cholesterol).
• Ukungawusebenzisi umzimba: Oko kuthetha ukungazilolongi.
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngokungekho mthethweni: Ingakumbi izinto ezivuselela ingqondo, ezifana nee-amphetamines kunye ne-cocaine, ezichaphazela intliziyo.

Izinto esingenakuzitshintsha:

• Ubudala: Umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sentliziyo uyanda njengoko iminyaka ikhula.
• Isini: Amadoda anamathuba amaninzi okufumana isifo sentliziyo kunabafazi. Umngcipheko uyanda kumadoda emva kweminyaka engama-45, ngelixa kubafazi uyanda emva kweminyaka engama-50 (okanye emva kokuya exesheni).
• Imbali yosapho: Ukuba utata okanye umntakwenu wayenesifo sentliziyo okanye wahlaselwa yintliziyo ngaphambi kokuba afikelele kwiminyaka engama-55, okanye umama okanye udadewenu wahlaselwa yintliziyo ngaphambi kokuba afikelele kwiminyaka engama-65, nawe usengozini enkulu.
• Iimeko zokuzalwa okanye zemfuza: Ezinye izifo zemfuza okanye iimeko zokuzalwa nazo zinokunyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-NSTEMI?

Enyanisweni, i-NSTEMI, ekwiqela lezifo zentliziyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Acute Coronary Syndrome)`, yimeko exhaphakileyo kwihlabathi liphela, kuquka nelizwe lethu laseSri Lanka. Ngokwezibalo zaseMelika, yi-70% kuphela yezigulana ezifunyaniswe zine-`(Acute Coronary Syndrome)` ezizigulana ze-NSTEMI. Oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka sikhathazeke ngale nto.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi nangexesha le-NSTEMI?

I-NSTEMI yenye yeemeko ezikudidi olubanzi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"Acute Coronary Syndrome." Ezinye iimeko ezikudidi olu ziquka i-STEMI kunye ne-"Unstable Angina" (i-angina engazinzile - iintlungu zesifuba ezenzeka nokuba uphumle, kodwa azinzima njengokuhlaselwa yintliziyo).

Xa intliziyo ingafumani igazi elifunekayo, kuvela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Ischemia". Ngamafutshane, inxalenye yentliziyo engenayo igazi iqala ukufa. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izihlunu, iiseli zemisipha yentliziyo azinakuphinda zivelise xa zifile. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngaphandle kokuba ukuhamba kwegazi kubuyiselwe ngokukhawuleza, umonakalo uhlala uhleli.

Kunokubakho izizathu ezininzi ezithe ngqo nezingathanga ngqo ze-NSTEMI.

Izizathu ezithintela ngokuthe ngqo ukunikezelwa kwegazi entliziyweni:

• Ukwakheka kweplaque: Ezi ziintsalela zewax ezenziwe nge-cholesterol egazini lethu. Kanye njengokuba umsele ovalekileyo unciphisa ukuhamba kwamanzi, iplaque inokuvala imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi iye entliziyweni. Ngamanye amaxesha, xa iplaque igqabhuka, kwakheka ihlwili legazi phezu kwayo, livale umthambo ngakumbi okanye ngokupheleleyo kwimizuzu okanye iiyure.
• `I-Vasospasm`:Imithambo yethu yegazi inomaleko wemisipha egudileyo ngaphakathi olawula ukwandiswa nokuncitshiswa kwemithambo yegazi. Njengomsipha oshukumayo emlenzeni, lo maleko wemisipha kwimithambo yegazi yentliziyo unokuqina ngequbuliso uze unciphe. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"vasospasm". Oku kunokuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi kwaye kubangele ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Kodwa oku kunqabile kancinci.
• I-Coronary Embolism: Oku kwenzeka xa ihlwili legazi elenziwe kwenye indawo linamathela kumthambo osentliziyweni. Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu.

Umonakalo okanye ukwenzakala entliziyweni:

Nangona intliziyo ikhuselekile ngaphakathi esifubeni sethu, ngamanye amaxesha inokonakala.

• I-Myocarditis: Oku kukudumba kwemisipha yentliziyo. Kudla ngokwenzeka xa usulelo lwentsholongwane luchaphazela imisipha yentliziyo.
• Iityhefu: Ezinye iityhefu zingonakalisa izihlunu zentliziyo kwaye zibangele ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Umzekelo yityhefu ethi `(Carbon Monoxide)`.
• `Ukudumba kwentliziyo`: Le yintliziyo etyumkileyo. Oku kungenzeka kwingozi enkulu, njengengozi yemoto. Oku kunqabile.

Izizathu ezingangqalanga:

Oku kuthetha ukuba intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima, ngoko ke ifuna ioksijini engaphezulu, kodwa ayikwazi ukufumana ioksijini eyaneleyo.

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kakhulu (`Uxinzelelo lwegazi olubi` okanye `Ungxamiseko oluphezulu`) okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi kakhulu (`Uxinzelelo oluphezulu`): Xa uxinzelelo luphantsi kakhulu, intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi. Xa uxinzelelo luphezulu kakhulu, intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima ngenxa yokuxhathisa kwimithambo yegazi. Kuzo zombini iimeko, intliziyo ifuna ioksijini engaphezulu.
• I-Tachycardia: Xa intliziyo ibetha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ayipompi igazi ngokufanelekileyo. Imisipha yentliziyo ikwafuna ioksijini engaphezulu ukuze isebenze ngesantya eso.
• I-Aortic Stenosis: Oku kukuncitshiswa kwevalvu ephambili ekhupha igazi entliziyweni (ivalvu ye-aortic). Xa oku kuba nzima, intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi kwivalvu encitshisiweyo.
• I-Pulmonary Embolism: Oku kwenzeka xa ihlwili legazi libhajwa kwimithambo yegazi ekhokelela emiphungeni. Oku kuthintela igazi elineoksijini eninzi ukuba lingafiki emiphungeni lize libuyele entliziyweni.

Zithini iimpawu ze-NSTEMI?

Umntu onesifo sentliziyo unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Intlungu okanye ukungakhululeki esifubeni (i-Angina): Olu luphawu oluphambili. Kungavakala ngathi isifuba sakho siyaqina, sinzima, okanye sixinene.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla: Kusenokuvakala ngathi unengxaki yokuphefumla okanye ukufuthanisela umoya.
• Isicaphucaphu, isisu esibuhlungu: Abanye abantu banokuba neentlungu zesisu okanye isifo segastritis.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo: Usenokuziva uvakalelwa ngendlela engaqhelekanga ngokungathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza, itsiba izingqi, okanye iyeka ngequbuliso.
• Isiyezi(Unesiyezi), uphelelwa ngamandla, uzive ngathi uza kuphelelwa ngamandla.

Kubalulekile: Ezi mpawu azibonakali ngendlela efanayo kuye wonke umntu. Abanye abantu banokufumana uphawu olunye kuphela, ngelixa abanye banokufumana ezininzi. Ubunzulu bentlungu bungahluka.

Iimpawu eziviwa kakhulu ngabasetyhini:

Nangona abafazi benokuba nazo ezi mpawu zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, banokuthi babhidanise ukungonwabi okuphakathi esifubeni sabo ne-gastritis. Bakwaxela nezinye iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukudinwa kakhulu, ukuphefumla nzima, okanye ukungalali ngaphambi kokuba uhlaselwe yintliziyo.
• Intlungu isasazeka emhlathini, entanyeni, emagxeni, ezingalweni (ingakumbi engalweni yasekhohlo), embindini womqolo, okanye esiswini.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.

Ungayibona njani le meko?

Ugqirha uxilonga i-NSTEMI ngokudibanisa iimvavanyo ezininzi kunye nolwazi oluvela kwisigulana. Kwi-NSTEMI, iimpawu kunye notshintsho lwe-ECG azicaci njengakwi-STEMI, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuzijonga zonke ezi zinto kunye.

Okokuqala, ugqirha uza kukuhlola, aphulaphule intliziyo yakho nemiphunga yakho, aze ahlole uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi. Emva koko, baza kubuza "ngembali yakho yezonyango," efana nendlela ophila ngayo, imbali yosapho lwakho, kunye namayeza owaselayo.

Uvavanyo olusetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-NSTEMI:

• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG okanye EKG): Olu luvavanyo lokuqala nolubaluleke kakhulu lokufumanisa isifo sentliziyo. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, kwi-STEMI, icandelo le-ST liphezulu. Nangona kungekho tshintsho lunjalo kwi-NSTEMI, olu tshintsho lulandelayo lunokubonwa (kodwa hayi rhoqo):
• `(Ukuphakama kwe-ST okukhawulezileyo)`: `(Icandelo le-ST)` liyaphakama okwethutyana lize libuyele esiqhelweni.
• `(ST-depression)`: `(ST segment)` ihla ngaphantsi kwesiqhelo.
• `(Utshintsho olutsha lwe-T-wave)`: `(T-wave)` (igagasi elihlala ligobile phezulu) kwi-`ECG` libonakala ligobile liye ezantsi.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Xa iiseli zemisipha yentliziyo zonakele, ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Troponin)` (Troponin) ikhutshwa egazini. Ukulinganisa inqanaba le-`(Troponin)` egazini yeyona ndlela ithembekileyo yokufumanisa naluphi na uhlaselo lwentliziyo (kuquka ne-NSTEMI). Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha iiyure ezininzi (ngesiqhelo ngaphantsi kweeyure ezi-6) ukuba inqanaba le-`(Troponin)` egazini lifikelele kwinqanaba elinokuvavanywa, ngoko ke olu vavanyo lunokufuneka lwenziwe amaxesha amaninzi.
• Uvavanyo lokufota: Ukuba ezinye iimvavanyo azinasiphumo, olu hlobo lovavanyo lokufota lunokunceda.
• I-Echocardiography: Olu luvavanyo lwentliziyo oluqhutywa nge-ultrasound. Luluncedo kakhulu kumagumbi ongxamiseko kuba lunokwenziwa ecaleni kwebhedi.
• I-Computed Tomography (CT) scan: Oku kusebenzisa i-X-rays ukwenza imifanekiso yentliziyo enamacala amathathu (3D). Oku ngamanye amaxesha kwenziwa ngokufaka ulwelo olukhethekileyo olubizwa ngokuba yidayi yomahluko. Oku kunokubonisa ngokucacileyo iiplaque deposits kunye nokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi yentliziyo.
• Umzobo weMagnetic Resonance (MRI):Imifanekiso ecacileyo kakhulu yentliziyo ingafunyanwa ngokusebenzisa amandla anamandla emagnethi.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-NSTEMI?

Ukunyanga naluphi na uhlaselo lwentliziyo kukhuphiswano oluya kudlula ixesha. Okukhona ukuhamba kwegazi ngokukhawuleza kubuyiselwa kwimithambo yegazi evalekileyo, kokukhona umonakalo omncinci uya kwenzeka entliziyweni.

• Ioksijini: Ukuba inqanaba leoksijini egazini liphantsi, ioksijini iyanikwa.
• Ukungenelela kweCoronary Percutaneous (PCI): Le yinto abantu abaninzi abayibiza ngokuba yi-"stent." Kule nkqubo, ingcali yentliziyo ifaka ityhubhu encinci (i-catheter) ngomthambo omkhulu engalweni okanye emlenzeni wakho ize iyifake kwi-artery evalekileyo entliziyweni yakho. Emva koko, ibhaluni encinci ekupheleni kwetyhubhu iyavuthelwa ukuze yandise indawo evalekileyo. Rhoqo, kufakwa i-stent (isixhobo esifana ne-mesh) ukuze kugcinwe indawo evalekileyo ingavaleki kwakhona. Oku kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo ziba ngcono.
• Amayeza: Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza anikwa umntu onesifo sentliziyo (ezinye zinikwa kwanangaphambi kokuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba unesifo eso sikhona).
• I-aspirin okanye amanye amayeza okunciphisa iiplatelet: La mayeza athintela iiplatelet egazini ukuba zingadibani aze enze amahlwili egazi. Oku kuthintela ihlwili ukuba lingabi mandundu.
• Ii-Anticoagulants: Ezi zikwathintela ukujiya kwegazi, kodwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
• Izithinteli ze-Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE): La mayeza athintela ukuveliswa kweproteni eyonyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Oku kunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Amathuba amaninzi okunikwa abantu abanesifo sentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, iingxaki zezintso, okanye isifo seswekile.
• Ii-Beta-blockers: Ezi zinciphisa isantya sentliziyo kwaye zinciphise amandla entliziyo empompa ngawo. Oku kunciphisa ubungakanani beoksijini efunekayo entliziyweni kuba umthwalo womsebenzi entliziyweni uyancipha. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zisenokungafaneleki kubantu abanexinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo, okanye iingxaki ezithile zesingqisho sentliziyo (arrhythmias).
• I-Nitroglycerin: Eli yeza lisebenza ngokwandisa imithambo yegazi nokuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi. Ngenxa yoko, lisebenza kakhulu kwiintlungu zesifuba.
• IiStatins: Ezi zinciphisa amanqanaba e-cholesterol egazini kwaye zinciphisa umngcipheko wokuqokelelwa kwe-plaque kwimithambo yentliziyo.
• Ukufakelwa kwemithambo yegazi yeCoronary Artery Bypass (CABG): Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba imithambo yegazi engaphezu kwesinye entliziyweni yakho ivalekile kakhulu, utyando lunokuba lolona khetho lulungileyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"bypass surgery" (okanye "open-heart surgery"). Kule nkqubo, ugqirha otyandayo uthatha umthambo wegazi kwenye indawo yomzimba wakho (njengomlenze wakho okanye ngaphakathi esifubeni sakho) aze awujikelezise kwimithambo yegazi evalekileyo entliziyweni yakho. Igazi linokuthi emva koko "lidlule" kwindawo evalekileyo.

Ngaba singakuthintela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo?

Ewe, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukuthintela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, okanye ubuncinane ukuyilibazisa.Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha wosapho lwakho ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka ukuze uhlolwe ngokupheleleyo/utyelelo lwempilo.

Izifo ezininzi, ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nesifo seswekile, azibonisi zimpawu de zibe zihambele phambili kakhulu. Kodwa nangaphambi kokuba iimpawu zibonakale, ezi meko ziyaqhubeka nokonakalisa intliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi yentliziyo, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi meko zinokuchongwa kwangethuba ngovavanyo olulula olwenziwe ngexesha lokuhlolwa konyaka. Ukuba kukho ingxaki enjalo, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika iingcebiso kunye nesikhokelo esifunekayo.

Ezinye zezona zinto zibalaseleyo onokuzenza ukuthintela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo zezi:

• Ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni.
• Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo (ugqirha wakho angacebisa ukutya okukufaneleyo, umzekelo, ukutya kweMeditera).
• Ukuzilolonga ngokomzimba (ubuncinane imizuzu eli-150 yokuzilolonga ngokulinganisela ngeveki).
• Gcina imeko yakho yezempilo (efana noxinzelelo lwegazi, isifo seswekile, i-cholesterol) ilawulwa. Ukuba usela amayeza abo, wasele kanye njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele.
• Ukuba usebenzisa icuba (kuquka icuba, i-beedis, i-cigar, kunye ne-vaping), ukuyeka icuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo.

Ngelishwa, abanye abantu basenokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, ingakumbi abo basengozini enkulu ngenxa yembali yentsapho okanye ezinye iimeko zempilo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokulandela la manyathelo angasentla, unokulibazisa ukuqala kwesifo sentliziyo okanye unciphise ubukhali baso ukuba unaso. Kwakhona, ukuhlala usempilweni kunokwenza kube lula ukuchacha emva kwesifo sentliziyo.

Ndiza kuhlala ixesha elingakanani esibhedlele?

Ubude bexesha oza kuhlala esibhedlele buxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ezi ziquka ubukhali besifo sentliziyo yakho, impilo yakho iyonke, kunye nohlobo lonyango olufumeneyo. Ngokwesiqhelo ungahlala iintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezisixhenxe. Unyango olufana ne-PCI (ukufakwa kwe-stent) lungathatha ixesha elincinci, kwaye utyando lungathatha ixesha elide.

Uza kuziva ungcono nini?

Iimpawu zakho kufuneka ziqale ukuphucuka njengoko ufumana unyango. Abantu abaninzi baziva bediniwe kwaye bebuthathaka emva kokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, kodwa oku kuya kuphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika iingcebiso malunga nokuphumla okudingayo kunye nento onokuyenza ukukunceda uphile.

Iyintoni imbono emva kwe-NSTEMI?

Indlela oza kuziva ngayo emva kwe-NSTEMI ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ubunzima bokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nempilo yakho iyonke kuya kudlala indima enkulu. Ugqirha wakho unokuchaza ngcono into omawuyilindele, into omawuyilumkele, kunye nento omawuyiphephe.

Yintoni enye onokuyilindela emva kwe-NSTEMI?

Ukuba ukhe wahlaselwa yintliziyo, amathuba akho okuba uphinde uhlaselwe yintliziyo ayanda. Ngoko ke, ukuthintela olunye uhlaselo lwentliziyo,Unyango oluqhubekayo kunye namanyathelo okuthintela kubaluleke kakhulu. Ugqirha wakho angacebisa izinto ezifana nezi:

• Uvavanyo lwezonyango oluphindaphindwayo kunye novavanyo lwe-`(imaging)`: Ukujonga indlela intliziyo yakho esebenza ngayo yenye yezona ndlela zibalulekileyo zokuthintela olunye uhlaselo lwentliziyo.
• Ukuvuselelwa kwentliziyo: Ezi ziinkqubo ezikunceda uphucule impilo yakho ngokwenza umthambo, olawulwa ngoogqirha. Iingcali kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana neengcali zokutya kunye nabafundisi bomthambo, ziyakunceda.

Imisebenzi eqhelekileyo ingaqhubeka nini kwakhona?

Ixesha onokubuyela ngalo emsebenzini, ukuqhuba, okanye ukuzilolonga ngokwesiqhelo liya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimpilo yakho. Ugqirha wakho angakunika icebiso elihle. Thetha naye malunga neenjongo zakho kunye nexesha onokuqala ngalo ukwenza izinto. Kungcono uqale kancinci kancinci, njengoko ecebisa.

Ungayinyamekela njani impilo yakho emva kokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo?

Uninzi lwezinto ebezithethwa ngaphambili phantsi kwesihloko esithi "Prevention" lukwasebenza nasekunyamekeleni impilo yakho emva kokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Kubalulekile ukutya ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga rhoqo , ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni, ukusela amayeza afanelekileyo kwezinye izifo, kunye nokubona ugqirha wakho ngexesha.

Ufanele umfowunele nini ugqirha?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukucebisa ngeengxaki omawuzilindele, into omawuzixhalabise ngayo, kunye nexesha omawuthethe ngalo naye. Kwakhona, ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezintsha okanye ukuba uphawu olukhoyo luyatshintsha (ingakumbi ukuba luvela ngequbuliso okanye luqala ukuphazamisana nemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla), thetha nogqirha wakho.

Ufanele uye nini esibhedlele okanye kwigumbi likaxakeka?

Ukuba ngequbuliso uphinde waba neempawu ezinxulumene nentliziyo, okanye ukuba iimpawu zakho ziba nzima ngokungalindelekanga, kufuneka uye esibhedlele ngoko nangoko. Iimpawu eziphambili ezibonisa imfuneko yonyango olungxamisekileyo zezi:

• Intlungu yesifuba (i-Angina) okanye intlungu esasazeka kwiindawo ezikufutshane zomzimba (intamo, umhlathi, umqolo, iingalo, amahlombe, okanye isisu).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye ukuphefumla kancinci.
• Ukubila okugqithisileyo.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo.
• Isicaphucaphu okanye ukuhlanza.
• Ukudinwa (vertigo), ukuquleka, okanye ukuphelelwa zingqondo.

Ukuba ndifuna unyango olungxamisekileyo, ngaba ndifanele ndiqhube ndedwa ndiye esibhedlele?

Hayi suka! Ukuba ucinga ukuba unesifo sentliziyo, ukuziqhuba uye esibhedlele kunokuba yingozi kungekuphela kuwe kodwa nakwabanye abasemgwaqweni. Ngoko ke, fowunela u-1990 (Suvaseriya) okanye enye inkonzo ye-ambulensi ngoko nangoko. Kukho iingenelo ezininzi zokuhamba nge-ambulensi:

* Abasebenzi be-ambulensi banokuhlola imeko yakho baze baqalise ukunyanga iimpawu zakho endleleni eya esibhedlele. Ulwazi abaluqokelelayo lunceda ukonga ixesha elibalulekileyo koogqirha esibhedlele abenza uxilongo.

* Ukuba ulahlekelwa zingqondo endleleni, awuyi kuba sengozini okanye wonzakale ngabanye abantu kuba uhamba nge-ambulensi.

* Abasebenzi be-ambulensi banokukusa ngqo kwiGumbi loNgxamiseko (ER). Ukuba uhamba wedwa, kunokubakho ukulibaziseka njengoko ungena ngegumbi lokwamkela iindwendwe.

Iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo zinokuba ngamava othusayo nadidayo. Ngethamsanqa, ngokuhambela phambili kwesayensi yezonyango, ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kuphucuke kakhulu. Iindlela zonyango, amayeza, kunye nokuqonda kwenzululwazi ngentliziyo kuyaqhubeka. Oko kuthetha ukuba amathuba akho okufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo ahlala esanda. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo nifumana iimpawu zokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, nceda nifune uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibazisa.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Zihlobo zam ezithandekayo, kufuneka ndinixelele ukuba i-NSTEMI luhlobo olubi kakhulu lokuhlaselwa yintliziyo esingafanele siluthathe lula.

• Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana neentlungu zesifuba okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla, musa ukucinga nje ukuba "sisisu." Yiya kugqirha ngoko nangoko.
• Ukwenza utshintsho olulula kwindlela ophila ngayo (ukutya kakuhle, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokuphepha ukutshaya) kunokunciphisa kakhulu le ngozi.
• Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukumamela oko kuthethwa ngoogqirha, wenze uvavanyo, uthathe amayeza njengoko kuchaziwe, kwaye uzame ukuphila ubomi obusempilweni. Intliziyo yakho ifanelekile!

I- NSTEMI, uhlaselo lwentliziyo, iintlungu zesifuba, i-ECG, isifo sentliziyo, unyango lwentliziyo, impilo yentliziyo