Mhlawumbi ukhe waliva igama elithi 'Opioid'. Ezi ziipilisi zentlungu ezinamandla ezinikwa ngoogqirha ukulawula iintlungu ezinzima. Zisetyenziselwa iimeko ezifana neentlungu zomhlaza, emva kotyando oluthile, njl. Kodwa ngenxa yemiphumo yazo enamandla, ukuba zisetyenziswa gwenxa, ukuba kwenzeka ukugqithisa, okanye ukuba umntu uba likhoboka lazo, zinokuba yingozi enkulu ebomini. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngodidi olukhethekileyo lwamayeza asetyenziselwa ukusindisa ubomi kwiimeko ezinobungozi, esebenza 'njengomchasi'. Loo mayeza achasene neOpioid.
Kalula nje, yintoni le Opioid Antagonist?
Ukuze siqonde oku, masiqale sijonge indlela amayeza okubulala iintlungu e-opioid asebenza ngayo emizimbeni yethu. Cinga ngenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo, ingakumbi ingqondo kunye nomqolo, njengene-'gate' ezincinci. Kwizonyango, sizibiza ngokuba 'zii-receptors'. Xa i-opioid painkiller ingena emzimbeni, iyazibophelela kula masango ize 'iwavule', inciphise iintlungu kwaye idale uvakalelo lokuphila kakuhle (uvuyo).
Ii-Opioid Antagonists zifana nesitshixo esahlukileyo esilingana nesitshixo esinye. Kodwa xa ufaka esi sitshixo kwisitshixo, asivuli ucango. Endaweni yoko, sinamathela ngaphakathi kwisitshixo, sivale ngokupheleleyo indlela yokungena kwesitshixo se-opioid. Ngamafutshane, la mayeza athintela ii-opioid receptors, ethintela ii-opioids ukuba zingasebenzi. Yiyo loo nto zinokuguqula iziphumo eziyingozi zokusebenzisa i-opioid ngokugqithisileyo.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba awunazo ii-Opioids emzimbeni wakho, eli yeza le-Opioid Antagonist lidla ngokungabangeli mpembelelo. Lisebenza kuphela xa kukho ii-Opioids emzimbeni wakho.
Zithini ezi ziyobisi kwaye zisetyenziselwa ntoni?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza akwiklasi ye-Opioid Antagonist. Nganye kuwo isetyenziselwa injongo ethile. Makhe sijonge iintlobo eziphambili.
| Igama lesiyobisi | Isetyenziselwa ntoni ikakhulu? | Indlela yokunika |
|---|---|---|
| I-Naloxone | Lunyango olungxamisekileyo xa umntu esebenzise i-opioid ngokugqithisileyo. Lusetyenziselwa ukuphelisa ukudakumba kokuphefumla okubangelwa zii-opioid. Lunyango olusindisa ubomi. | Njengesitofu (ngokufakwa ngaphakathi okanye nge-intramuscularly) okanye njenge-spray yempumlo (umz. iNarcan®, iKloxxado®) |
| I-Naltrexone | Unyango lokulungisa iingxaki zokusebenzisa i-opioid kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala. Luthintela uvuyo oluvela kwiziyobisi kwaye lunceda ekunciphiseni ukubuyela umva. | Njengesitofu okanye njengepilisi ethathwa ngomlomo. (umz. iVivitrol®, iReVia®) |
| I-Methylnaltrexone | Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukuqhinwa okubangelwa yi-opioid kubantu abasebenzisa amayeza okudambisa iintlungu e-opioid ixesha elide. Ivala kuphela ii-receptors emathunjini, ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ingqondo. | Njengesitofu okanye njengepilisi ethathwa ngomlomo. (umz. iRelistor®) |
| INalmefene | Iyeza elifana neNaloxone. Eli lisetyenziswa ukunyanga i-opioid overdose, lihlala emzimbeni ixesha elide. Kodwa alisetyenziswa rhoqo njengeNaloxone. | Njengesitofu. (umz. iRevex®) |
Ukubaluleka okukhethekileyo kweNaloxone
Ngenxa yobhubhane we-opioid, abasebenzi beenkonzo zongxamiseko abafana namapolisa kunye nabasebenzi be-ambulensi kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela baqeqeshwe ukuphatha nokuphatha iNaloxone. Ukuba umntu uyeka ukuphefumla ngenxa yokugqithisa i-opioid, ukunika iNaloxone kwimizuzu emi-2 ukuya kwemi-5 kunokusindisa ubomi ngokubuyisela ukuphefumla okuqhelekileyo.
Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zala mayeza?
Isiphumo esiphambili nesikhawulezileyo seNaloxone, Naltrexone, kunye neNalmefene ziimpawu zokurhoxa kwi-opioid.Ukwenzeka.
Khawucinge ngomntu oxhomekeke kakhulu kwii-opioids. Umzimba wakhe sele uqhelene ngokupheleleyo nezo opioids. Xa unika umntu onjalo ngequbuliso iyeza elifana neNaloxone, zonke ii-opioids emzimbeni wakhe ziyacinywa ngequbuliso. Emva koko le yindlela umzimba osabela ngayo kuloo nto.
Iimpawu eziphambili zezi:
- I-Mucus (ukukhupha i-mucus)
- Ukukrazula okugqithisileyo emehlweni
- Ukuchama rhoqo (ukungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo)
- Ukwanda kwesantya sokuphefumla (iHyperventilation)
- I-Hyperthermia
- Ukwanda kwesantya sentliziyo (iTachycardia)
- Intlungu ebuhlungu yemisipha
- Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
- Ukudumba (urhudo)
- Ukungazinzi okukhulu kunye noxinzelelo
Ubunzima bezi mpawu buyahluka kumntu nomntu, kuxhomekeke ekubeni bebesebenzisa ixesha elingakanani ii-opioids kunye nohlobo abalusebenzisileyo.
Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula oku. Esibhedlele, umzekelo kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) , oogqirha banokuzilawula kakuhle ezi mpawu zokurhoxa. Oku kungenziwa ngokunika i-saline, kunye namanye amayeza afana neMethadone kunye neBuprenorphine.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-methylnaltrexone
Ekubeni oku kuchaphazela kakhulu amathumbu, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinxulumene noko.
- Intlungu yesisu
- Ukuzalisa isisu
- Isicaphucaphu okanye urhudo oluncinci
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Ukuqengqeleka kwezihlunu
- Isiyezi
Ngoko ke zithini iingenelo zala mayeza?
Nangona kukho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, iingenelo zala mayeza zingaphezulu kakhulu kunezo.
I-Naloxone kunye ne-Nalmefene ngamayeza asindisa ubomi. Ukuba i-opioid overdose inyangwa ngokukhawuleza nangendlela eyiyo, inokusindisa ubomi bomntu. Yiyo leyo into ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba ubona umntu ongekho zingqondweni kwaye ephefumla kakubi ngenxa ye-opioid overdose, kufuneka umse kwangoko kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele. Kwakhona, ukuba ufuna ulwazi malunga nayo nayiphi na ityhefu, ungatsalela umnxeba iZiko loLwazi lweePoisons kwiSibhedlele sikaZwelonke saseColombo ukuze ufumane ingcebiso.
I-Naltrexone sisixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu esisetyenziswa ekunyangeni imeko enzima yokuphazamiseka kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Nangona kunjalo, eli yeza lodwa alinakunyanga le meko. Lifuna unyango lwengqondo, ukuvuselelwa, kunye nezinye iinkonzo zenkxaso.
Ngoko ke, ii-Opioid Antagonists ziluhlobo oluluncedo kakhulu lwamayeza. Ukuba unenkxalabo okanye uloyiko malunga nala mayeza okanye iziphumo zawo ezingalindelekanga, thetha nogqirha wakho ngawo ngokukhululekileyo. Angakunika iingcebiso ezifanelekileyo kunye nenkxaso oyifunayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-opioid antagonist luhlobo lweyeza elithintela ukusebenza kweentlungu ze-opioid.
- I-Naloxone lunyango olungxamisekileyo olunikezelwa ukubuyisela ukuphefumla nokusindisa ubomi xa umntu esebenzise i-opioid ngokugqithisileyo.
- I-Naltrexone lunyango lokugcina umlutha we-opioid okanye utywala. Iyayithintela ulonwabo lweziyobisi.
- Xa la mayeza enikwa umntu oxhomekeke kwi-opioids, anokubangela iimpawu zokurhoxa ezinzulu, kodwa ezi zinokulawulwa esibhedlele.
- Nangona la mayeza ebaluleke kakhulu, ukunyanga umlutha weziyobisi kufuna inkqubo ebanzi, kuquka neengcebiso zengqondo.
- Soloko uxoxa ngala mayeza nogqirha wakho uze ufumane ingcebiso efanelekileyo.
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