Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha? Okanye uyagula nanini na, okanye ubona imivumbo emzimbeni wakho wonke? Oku kusenokubangelwa lutshintsho oluthile egazini lakho. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko enokwenzeka ngamaxesha anjalo, oogqirha abayibiza ngokuba yi-"pancytopenia". Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula.
Yintoni i-pancytopenia?
Ngamafutshane, i-pancytopenia yimeko apho zonke iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zeeseli zegazi emzimbeni wethu - iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets - ziphantsi kunesiqhelo. Cinga ngayo njengefektri enkulu. Kukho abasebenzi abahlukeneyo kule fektri ngemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Kunjalo nangezi seli zegazi. Uhlobo ngalunye lunomsebenzi othile.
Ngoku jonga okwenzekayo xa ezi ntlobo zeeseli zincipha:
- Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezinciphileyo: Ezi ziiseli ezithwala ioksijini emizimbeni yethu yonke. Ezi seli ziqulathe iproteni ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yihemoglobin . Yiyo leyo ebambelela kwioksijini. Ngoko ke, xa kukho ukwehla kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi okanye ihemoglobin, siyibiza ngokuba yi- "anemia" okanye "ukungabikho kwegazi."
- Inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi: Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, okanye ii-leukocytes, zifana neeseli zokuzikhusela zomzimba. Zilwa neentsholongwane kwaye zisikhusela kwizifo. Phakathi kwezi seli ezimhlophe, uhlobo olufumaneka kakhulu lubizwa ngokuba zii-neutrophils . Ukuncipha kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kuthiwa yi -leukopenia . Ukuncipha kwee-neutrophils kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-neutropenia .
- Inani eliphantsi leeplatelet: Iiplatelet ziziqwenga ezincinci zeeseli. Kodwa zenza umsebenzi omhle kakhulu. Xa sisikiwe, ezi platelet zinceda ekumiseni ukopha. Zibaluleke kakhulu ekuqiniseni igazi. Ngoko ke, xa inani leeplatelet liphantsi, imeko ibizwa ngokuba yi-thrombocytopenia .
Ukuba une-pancytopenia, unokufumana iimpawu ezibangelwa yenye, zininzi, okanye zonke ezi meko, kuxhomekeke ekubeni iiseli zakho zegazi ziphantsi kangakanani.
Ixhaphake kangakanani i-pancytopenia?
Enyanisweni, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-pancytopenia ayinqabile njengoko unokucinga. Ekubeni zininzi izizathu ezinokubakho, kunzima ukutsho ukuba bangaphi abantu abayibangelayo.
Zithini iimpawu ze-pancytopenia?
Ngamanye amaxesha i-pancytopenia inokuba buthathaka kakhulu. Usenokungaziboni iimpawu ezinkulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha uya kuyifumana xa esenza umsebenzi wegazi rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amaxesha apho imeko inokuba nzima kakhulu kwaye ibeke ubomi esichengeni. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kufuneka ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza.
Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezahlukeneyo xa ezi ntlobo zeeseli zegazi zincipha.
Iimpawu zeeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisezantsi (i-anemia)
Ukuba awunazo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo, ezinye izitho zomzimba wakho kunye nezicubu aziyi kufumana ioksijini eyaneleyo. Usenokuba neempawu ezifana nezi:
- Ukuziva udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha (Ukudinwa): Ukuziva udiniwe kwaye ungafuni kwenza nto.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla): Ukuziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo nokuba usebenza kancinci.
- Ndiziva ndinesizungu.
- Intloko ebuhlungu.
- I-Arrhythmia yimvakalelo yokuba intliziyo ibetha ngokukhawuleza okanye ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
- Ulusu oluphaphathekileyo okanye ukuziva ubanda, ubila.
Iimpawu zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezisezantsi (i-leukopenia)
Xa ungenazo iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezaneleyo, amandla omzimba wakho okulwa nezifo ayancipha. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungafumana usulelo ngokulula. Olu sulelo lunokubangela iimpawu ezifana nezi:
- Ukuziva udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha (Ukudinwa).
- Umkhuhlane kunye nokubanda.
- Umphimbo obuhlungu okanye usulelo (pharyngitis).
- Izilonda zomlomo.
- Ukukhohlela kakhulu.
- Urhudo.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
- Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo.
- Ukukhupha ubofu obuvela kumanxeba.
Iimpawu zokubala iiplatelet ezisezantsi (thrombocytopenia)
Xa iiplatelets zakho ziphantsi, igazi lakho alivali kakuhle. Oku kunokubangela izinto ezifana nezi:
- Ufumana imivumbo emzimbeni wakho nokuba yinto encinci.
- Ukopha okunzima ukukuyeka okanye okuhlala ixesha elide.
- Ukopha kakhulu ngexesha lokuya exesheni kwabasetyhini.
- Ukopha ngenxa yendle, umchamo , okanye ukuhlanza.
- Amabala abomvu okanye amfusa eluswini (i-petechiae) – afana nokuqhambuka. Ngamanye amaxesha amabala abomvu, amfusa, okanye amdaka (i-purpura) nawo anokuvela.
Yintoni ebangela le meko ye-pancytopenia?
I-pancytopenia idla ngokubangelwa sisiphene kwinkqubo yokuvelisa iiseli zegazi kumongo wethu wamathambo . Ubusazi na ukuba iiseli zethu zegazi ziveliswa kumongo wamathambo? Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-hematopoiesis . Ezi seli ziphuma kumongo wamathambo zingene egazini lethu kuphela emva kokuba zivuthiwe.
Ngoko ke, i-pancytopenia inokwenzeka ukuba umongo wakho wethambo awuvelisi iiseli zegazi ezisempilweni ngokwaneleyo, okanye ukuba ezi seli zegazi zitshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba zenziwe.
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokuphazamisana nokuveliswa kwezi seli zegazi okanye zitshabalalise:
- Izifo ezinxulumene nomongo wethambo:Kukho izifo ezithile ezibangela ukuba umongo wethambo uvelise iiseli zegazi ezingaqhelekanga. Uninzi lwazo `zifunyanwa` ngexesha lobomi bethu. Ezinye `zizuzwe njengelifa`. Umzekelo:
- I-anemia ye-Aplastic
- I-Fanconi anemia
- I-Diamond-Blackfan anemia
- Umhlaza: Xa iiseli zomhlaza zisasazeka ziye kumongo wethambo, ziphazamisa ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi ezisempilweni. Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza ezinokubangela i-pancytopenia ziquka:
- I-Leukemia
- I-Lymphoma
- I-myeloma eninzi
- I-Myelofibrosis
- Iimpawu zeMyelodysplastic
- Ukusasazeka komhlaza ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kumongo wethambo (umhlaza osasazekayo)
- Ukunqongophala kwezondlo kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala: Ukuba umzimba wakho awufumani izondlo ezaneleyo ezifana ne -vitamin B12 kunye ne -folate , usenokungakwazi ukwenza iiseli zegazi ezisempilweni. Kwakhona, ukusela utywala kakhulu kunokuba yimbangela enkulu ye-pancytopenia.
- Izifo ezosulelayo: Le meko inokubangelwa ziintlobo ezithile zeentsholongwane. Imizekelo:
- I-Mononucleosis `(i-Mononucleosis - mono)`
- I-HIV (intsholongwane yokungakwazi ukuzikhusela komzimba womntu)
- I-Hepatitis C
- I-Parvovirus B19 `(Parvovirus B19)`
- Isifo sephepha
- I-Malaria
- Iimeko zokuzikhusela komzimba: Kulapho iiseli zomzimba wakho zihlasela iiseli zegazi ezisempilweni. Izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba ezinokubangela i-pancytopenia ziquka:
- I-Lupus
- Irheumatoid arthritis
- Unyango ngamayeza: Amanye amayeza, ingakumbi amayeza e-chemotherapy omhlaza, anokunciphisa ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi.
- Ukuvezwa kwiityhefu: Iityhefu ezikwindalo ezifana ne-benzene kunye ne -arsenic zingonakalisa iiseli zakho zegazi. Ukuvezwa kwimitha yelanga kunokunciphisa iiseli zakho zegazi.
- Ukususwa kwe-splenic:Ezinye iimeko zonyango zinokubangela ukuba iiseli zegazi ziqokeleleke kwipleyini yakho. Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo emzimbeni, isifo sesibindi, kunye neminye imidlaza zinokubangela oku. Xa oku kusenzeka, ipleyini inokudumba kwaye ibe buhlungu (ipleyini).
Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, oogqirha abakwazi ukufumana unobangela ochanekileyo wokuncipha kweeseli zegazi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-idiopathic pancytopenia .
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-pancytopenia?
Nabani na onezi meko esizixubushileyo ngaphambili unokuba ne-pancytopenia. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho unesifo segazi, okanye ukuba ufumana i-chemotherapy echaphazela ukuveliswa kweeseli zegazi, unokuba sengozini enkulu yokuba nale meko.
Ifunyaniswa njani i-pancytopenia?
Ukubalwa kwegazi okuqhelekileyo (i-CBC) kunokujonga amanqanaba aphantsi eeseli zegazi. La maxabiso anokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobudala, uhlanga, kunye nemeko yempilo.
La ngamanqanaba athathwa ngokuba aphantsi ngokubanzi:
- Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi: Kwabasetyhini, ngaphantsi kwe-4.2 yezigidi zeeseli kwi-microliter yegazi okanye ngaphantsi kwe-12 grams (g) ye-hemoglobin (nge-deciliter). Kwabesilisa, ngaphantsi kwe-4.7 yezigidi zeeseli kwi-microliter yegazi okanye ngaphantsi kwe-13 grams ye-hemoglobin (nge-deciliter).
- Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi: Zingaphantsi kwama-4,000 iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kwi-microliter nganye yegazi, okanye inani le-neutrophil elingaphantsi kwe-1,800 kwi-microliter nganye yegazi. Ii-neutrophil zezona ntlobo zininzi zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, ngoko ke eli nani libaluleke kakhulu.
- Iiplatelets: Ngaphantsi kweeplatelets ezili-150,000 kwi-microliter nganye yegazi.
Ziziphi ezinye iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela?
Xa ugqirha wakho efumanise ukuba une-pancytopenia, banokwenza olunye uvavanyo ukuze bafumane ukuba yintoni ebangela oko. Kusenokufuneka ubonane nogqirha ogxile kwizifo zegazi (i-hematologist) .
Olu vavanyo lungabandakanya:
- I-smear yegazi engaphandle: Olu vavanyo lujonga iiseli zakho zegazi nge-microscope. Ukuba kukho iiseli ezimile ngendlela engaqhelekanga, lunokunika ingcaciso ngesizathu.
- Uvavanyo lwe-Vitamin B12 kunye namanqanaba e-folate: I-Pancytopenia idla ngokubangelwa kukungabikho kokutya okunempilo. Ngoko ke ukujonga la manqanaba kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba yiyo na imbangela.
- Ukufunxwa komnkantsha wethambo kunye ne-biopsy: Kule nkqubo, ugqirha uthatha isampuli encinci yomnkantsha wakho wethambo aze awuvavanye ukuze abone ukuba kukho naziphi na izifo ezibangela i-pancytopenia, njengomhlaza.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwiziphumo zovavanyo lwakho, imbali yezonyango, kunye neempawu, ugqirha wakho unokwenza iimvavanyo ezifana nezi ukuze akhangele ezinye izizathu:
- Uvavanyo lweentsholongwane.
- Uvavanyo losulelo.
- Uvavanyo lweemeko zokuzikhusela komzimba.
- Uvavanyo lokuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo (utshintsho kwi-DNA yakho).
Iphathwa njani i-pancytopenia?
Unyango lugxile kakhulu ekufumaneni unobangela wengxaki, ukuyinyanga, kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu. Kukwakho nonyango olunokunyusa ngokuthe ngqo inani leeseli zegazi lakho. Ezi ziquka:
- Amayeza: Kukho amayeza avuselela umongo wethambo aze awuncede ekwenzeni iiseli zegazi ezingaphezulu.
- Utofelo-gazi: Ukuba inani leeseli zakho zegazi liphantsi kakhulu kwaye linokuba yingozi kwimpilo yakho, unokunikwa utyando lweeseli ezibomvu zegazi okanye iiplatelets.
- Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem okanye i-bone marrow: Ezi nkqubo ziquka ukususa ii-stem cells ezingasebenzi kakuhle (ezi ziiseli ezisisiseko kwi-bone marrow ezenza iiseli zegazi) kunye nokufakelwa kwee-stem cells eziphilileyo.
Ukuba amanqanaba akho e-neutrophil aphantsi kakhulu kwaye usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana usulelo, unganikwa nee-antibiotics ze-broad-spectrum .
Yintoni emele ilindelwe ngumntu one-pancytopenia?
Amathuba akho okuchacha axhomekeke kwinto ebangele ukuba inani leeseli zegazi liphantsi. Okwangoku akukho datha icacileyo malunga nempumelelo yonyango lwe-pancytopenia. Endaweni yoko, abaphandi bajonga indlela unyango olusebenza ngayo kwimeko engaphantsi.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba njengoko unyango lwezi meko zingaphantsi luphucuka, iziphumo zabantu abane-pancytopenia nazo ziyaphucuka. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto. Angakuxelela ulwazi lwamva nje lophando aze achaze indlela oluchaphazela ngayo imeko yakho.
Ngaba i-pancytopenia yimeko enzulu?
Ewe, inokuba yinto enzulu. Ikwaxhomekeke kwinto ebangela ukuba inani leeseli zakho zegazi libe phantsi. Ukuba une-pancytopenia, ugqirha wakho uza kukhangela unobangela aze afumanise ukuba inzulu kangakanani.
Ndingaya nini esibhedlele (ETU) ngokukhawuleza?
I-pancytopenia inokuba yingozi kakhulu kwaye ibeke ubomi esichengeni ukuba ayinyangwa. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, yiya kwigumbi longxamiseko (ETU) ngokukhawuleza:
- Ukuba umkhuhlane ungaphezulu kwe-101 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius).
- Ukuba ulahlekelwa zingqondo (ukuphelelwa ngamandla).
- Ukuba unengxaki enkulu yokuphefumla.
- Ukudideka ngequbuliso.
- Ukuba uqala ukuba nentloko entsha.
- Ukuba kukho ukopha okukhulu.
- Ukuba unentlungu esifubeni.
- Ukuba kukho ukuxhuzula.
I-pancytopenia inokukuchaphazela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kuxhomekeke ekubeni iiseli zakho zegazi ziphantsi kangakanani kwaye yintoni imbangela eyintloko. Ukuba inani leeseli zakho zegazi likubeka emngciphekweni we-anemia, usulelo, okanye ukopha kakhulu, landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo. Buza nangazo naziphi na iimpawu ezinokubonisa ukuba kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho.
Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)
Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi ngoku uyaqonda ukuba i-pancytopenia yimeko apho zonke iiseli zethu ezintathu zegazi, ezizezi iiseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets, zincipha ngaxeshanye. Zininzi izizathu zoku, kwaye iimpawu nazo ziyahluka.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubona ugqirha ukuba unale mpawu. Uyakwazi ke ngoko ukubona ukuba yintoni engalunganga aze aqalise unyango olufunayo. Ukuba uyifumene kwangethuba, unokuhlala ulawula ezi meko kakuhle. Ngoko ke, nyamekela umzimba wakho, kwaye ukuba ubona into eyahlukileyo, yiqwalasele. Hlala usempilweni!
👩🏽⚕️ Imibuzo eyongezelelweyo (Ii-FAQ)
💬 Ingaba iPancytopenia ngumhlaza?
Hayi! Igama elithi 'Pancytopenia' alilo isifo, kodwa ligama lezonyango. Lithetha ukuba zonke iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zeeseli egazini lakho; ezizezi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi (RBC), iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi (WBC), kunye neeplatelets, ziyancipha ngequbuliso ziye kwinqanaba eliphantsi eliyingozi.
💬 Kwenzeka ntoni kwisigulana xa zonke iintlobo ezintathu zeeseli zegazi zincitshiswa ngaxeshanye?
Ngenxa yokuba umzimba awunazo zonke izikhuseli ezintathu eziphambili, iimpawu ezintathu zivela ngaxeshanye. Ngenxa yokuba 'ubomvu' buyancipha, kuyenzeka ukudinwa (kuvele ukuphaphatheka). Ngenxa yokuba 'umhlophe' uyancipha, amasosha omzimba ayehla aye kwinqanaba eliphantsi kwaye iintsholongwane ezifana ne-pneumonia/umkhuhlane ziyakhula ngokulula. Ngenxa yokuba 'iiplatelets' ziyancipha, ukopha empumlweni nasemlonyeni kunye nokugruzuka komzimba ngequbuliso (ukugruzuka) akupheli.
💬 Zithini izizathu eziphambili zale meko?
Zininzi izizathu zoku. Usulelo olukhulu lwentsholongwane (umz. i-dengue, i-HIV), isiphumo esibi se-chemotherapy yomhlaza, kodwa eyona nto iyingozi kakhulu ngumhlaza wegazi ochaphazela umongo wamathambo (i-Leukemia okanye i-Lymphoma). Ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela ochanekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukwenza i-'Bone Marrow Biopsy'.
I- Pancytopenia, i-Pancytopenia, ukunqongophala kweeseli zegazi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiplatelets, umongo wamathambo, i-anemia, i-leukopenia, i-thrombocytopenia
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