I-Paraquat iyabulala xa ityiwe! Masifunde ngqo ngeParaquat Poisoning.

Ngaba wakha weva ngemithi yokubulala ukhula? Usenokuba ukhe wayisebenzisa ukususa ukhula emyezweni wakho. Nangona kunjalo, eminye imithi yokubulala ukhula iyingozi kakhulu, kwaye nokuba incinci inokuba yingozi ebomini. Enye yemithi yokubulala ukhula yiparaquat. Namhlanje sithetha ngetyhefu yeparaquat. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngale nto, kuba ukungazi kunokukhokelela kwintlekele enkulu.

Yintoni iparaquat? Kutheni iyingozi kangaka?

Ngamafutshane, iparaquat sisibulali-zinambuzane esinobuthi obuyingozi kakhulu. Ikwaziwa ngokuba yi-"Paraquat dichloride". Idla ngokusetyenziswa ngabalimi abakhulu ukubulala ukhula okanye ukomisa izityalo ezithile, ezifana nomqhaphu, ngaphambi kokuba zivunwe.

Khawucinge nje, le khemikhali ibizwa ngokuba yiparaquat inamandla kangangokuba nethisipuni enye inokubulala. Ayipheleli apho, kodwa ukuba ingena ezingubeni, ingena emehlweni, okanye idibana nolusu, inokubangela ukugula okanye ukufa. Ngoko ke kufuneka isetyenziswe ngononophelo olukhulu.

Ixhaphake kangakanani ityhefu yeparaquat? Ngubani osengozini enkulu?

Enyanisweni, nakumazwe afana neMelika, inani elincinci labantu liyafa minyaka le ngenxa yetyhefu yeparaquat. Kufuneka sikhathazeke ngale meko kwilizwe lethu. Abo balima kakhulu kwaye mhlawumbi basebenzisa amayeza okubulala ukhula aneparaquat ekulimeni ngabona basengozini enkulu. Kwakhona, abo bahlala kufutshane neendawo zezolimo apho kutshizwa khona iparaquat nabo banokuchaphazeleka yile tyhefu ngomoya okanye ngamanzi.

Ngenxa yeengozi zayo, ngoku kubekwe imithetho engqongqo yokuthengwa nokusetyenziswa kweparaquat. Ngenxa yoko, inani leetyhefu liye lehla ngandlela ithile. Kwakhona, iparaquat ethengiswa kwamanye amazwe yongezwe ukuze inike umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ivumba elibi, kunye nento ebangela ukugabha xa ityiwe. La manyathelo okhuseleko anceda ekuchongeni iparaquat ngokulula kwaye ayisuse ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni ukuba iginywe ngengozi. Nangona kunjalo, nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko awupheli ngokupheleleyo.

Zithini iimpawu zetyhefu yeparaquat?

Xa iparaquat ingena emzimbeni, iqala yenze umonakalo kwindlela yakho yokugaya ukutya kunye nendlela yokuphefumla. Iimpawu zokuqala zingabandakanya:

• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo.
• Ukudumba komqala.
• Urhudo (mhlawumbi lunegazi).
• Ukudumba, ukuba bomvu komlomo okanye emqaleni.
• Ukopha empumlweni.
• Umqala obuhkungu.
• Isisu esibuhlungu.
• Ukuhlanza okanye ukuhlanza igazi.

Kwiiyure nje emva kokuba ezi mpawu zivele, le khemikhali inokusasazeka iye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba ize ibangele izifo ezinzulu ngakumbi. Ezi ziquka:

• I-Coma.
• Ukudideka.
• Isantya sentliziyo siyanda.
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha.
• Ukuxhuzula.
• Umothuko (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi kakhulu).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.

Ukuba ubona umntu onezi mpawu ngequbuliso, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuthatha isigqibo sokuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa yeparaquat uze umse esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.

Kwenzeka njani oku kutyhefa iparaquat?

Ityhefu yeparaquat idla ngokuvela xa umntu efaka iparaquat kwesinye isikhongozeli, njengebhotile yamanzi okanye ibhotile yesiselo esibandayo, aze omnye umntu ayisele engazi. Le yinto esiyivayo ngalo lonke ixesha kwilizwe lethu. Ukungakwenzi oko kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi ukuba izinto azinazo iilebhile ezifanelekileyo kwaye zigcinwe ngokukhuselekileyo.

Akuphelelanga apho, i-paraquat isenokukwenzakalisa ukuba ingena eluswini lwakho, ingakumbi ukuba unenxeba, umkrwelo, okanye ukukrweleka eluswini lwakho. Abanye abantu batyhefwa kukuphefumla amasuntswana amancinci e-paraquat xa etshizwa okanye ngokuwafaka emehlweni abo.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?

Ubuthi beparaquat abunakubulala nje kuphela, kodwa bunokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade kwizitho ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni wakho. Oku kuquka:

• Entliziyweni.
• Kwizintso.
• Kwisibindi.
• Ukuya emiphungeni.

Ubunzima bezi ngxaki buxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi.

• Ingakanani iparaquat engene emzimbeni wakho.
• Indlela eyathi yaginywa ngayo ityhefu (nokuba kukuyiginywa, ukuyiphefumla, okanye ukuyichukumisa).
• Impilo yakho iyonke.

Oogqirha bayibona njani le nto?

Xa umntu orhanelwa ukuba unetyhefu yeparaquat eziswa esibhedlele, into yokuqala abaphenduli okanye oogqirha abaya kukubuza yona kukuba ingakanani iparaquat eginyiweyo, eginyiweyo, okanye ephefumliweyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi , oogqirha baya kuqala ukunyanga ityhefu ngoko nangoko, ngaphandle kokulinda iziphumo zovavanyo. Ngeli xesha, iimpawu zakho ezibalulekileyo, ezinje:

• Ifuthe legazi.
• Isantya sokuphefumla.
• Ukuhla kwentliziyo.
• Izinto ezifana nobushushu bomzimba ziyajongwa.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo?

Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo zingenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, ukuvavanya umonakalo emzimbeni, kunye nokucwangcisa unyango:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi.
• Uvavanyo lomchamo.
• Uvavanyo olunxulumene nentliziyo: ``(EKG)`` (i-Electrocardiogram) okanye ``(i-Echocardiogram)``.
• Kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe i-CT scan yesifuba (i-Computed Tomography scan) okanye i-X-ray yesifuba ukujonga imeko yemiphunga.
• I-Upper Endoscopy luvavanyo oluhlola inxalenye ephezulu yendlela yokugaya ukutya.

Luthini unyango lwetyhefu yeparaquat?

Inyathelo lokuqala lokunyanga ityhefu yeparaquat kukuyeka okanye ukunciphisa ukufunxwa kwekhemikhali emzimbeni. La manyathelo alandelayo anokuthathwa kwigumbi likaxakeka:

Yintoni oyenzayo kuqala?

• Unganika izinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'Activated charcoal' okanye i-'Fuller's earth'. Ezi zinokuthintela umzimba ekufumaneni ezinye iityhefu.
• Ukususa impahla enemibala yeparaquat emzimbeni.
• Ityhubhu ifakwa ngempumlo esiswini ukuze kususwe iparaquat esiswini (indlela yokuhlamba isisu).
• Hlamba ulusu namehlo angcolileyo kakuhle ngamanzi imizuzu embalwa.

Emva kokulaliswa esibhedlele?

Emva kwala manyathelo okuqala, kunokufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iintsuku ezininzi, okanye iiveki, ukuze ufumane unyango. Unokufumana unyango olufana nolu:

• Ukuba awukwazi ukuphefumla wedwa, uya kuncedwa kukuphefumla ngoncedo lomatshini "wokuphefumla".
• I-Dialysis yenziwa ukuxhasa ukusebenza kwezintso.
• Unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-hemoperfusion lusetyenziselwa ukususa ubuthi egazini.
• Ulwelo lwe-IV lunikwa ngomthambo ukuze umzimba ungaphelelwa ngamanzi.
• Amayeza anikwa xa uxinzelelo lwegazi luphantsi kakhulu okanye ezinye iimpawu.

Ngaba ikho indlela ethile yokunyanga oku?

Ngelishwa, akukho nyango okanye unyango oluthile lwetyhefu yeparaquat. Oogqirha bazama ukukhupha iparaquat emzimbeni wakho ngokukhawuleza, banciphise umonakalo, kwaye bakunike ukhathalelo oluxhasayo oludingayo ukuze uphile.

Ngaba uyayinika ioksijini xa utyhefwe yiparaquat?

Ngokwesiqhelo, oogqirha abaniki ioksijini kumntu otyhefwe yiparaquat. Isizathu soku kukuba i-paraquat yekhemikhali isabela kunye neoksijini emzimbeni. Ngoko ke ukongeza ioksijini engaphezulu emiphungeni kunokwenza ityhefu yeparaquat ibe mandundu. Eli lityala elikhethekileyo, akunjalo?

Ndingenza ntoni ukuba ndicinga ukuba ndityhefwe yiparaquat?

Ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu ukhe wachaphazeleka yiparaquat, waphefumla, okanye waginya, fowunela i-1990 (iinkonzo zonyango ezingxamisekileyo) ngoko nangoko, okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane. Musa ukulibazisa okomzuzwana.

Ukuba ucinga ukuba impahla yakho ingcoliswe yiparaquat, fowunela iinkonzo zongxamiseko ngoko nangoko uze wenze oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuba kunokwenzeka, zama ukususa impahla ngaphandle kokuchukumisa indawo enetyhefu. Kungcono ukusebenzisa iiglavu okanye isixhobo esifana ne-tongs.
• Beka impahla yakho, iiglavu, kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo kwingxowa yeplastiki evalwe kakuhle, uze uyibeke kwenye ingxowa yeplastiki evalwe kakuhle.
• Emva koko hlamba kakuhle, uthambise isepha emzimbeni wonke uze uhlambe ngamanzi.

Nangona usenza ezi zinto, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

Ngaba luza kubakho unyango lwale meko? Iyintoni imbono?

Abanye abantu bayasinda kwityhefu yeparaquat, ingakumbi ukuba ubungakanani obutyiweyo buncinci kwaye bafumana unyango olukhawulezileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu osinda kwityhefu yeparaquat, nokuba banyangwa kakuhle kangakanani na. Kuxhomekeke kubungakanani obutyiweyo, ukuba bafumana unyango ngokukhawuleza kangakanani, kunye nempilo yesigulana iyonke.

Ungazikhusela njani kwityhefu yeparaquat?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphepha ityhefu yeparaquat kukulandela ngokungqongqo izikhokelo nemigaqo malunga nale khemikhali. Umzekelo, izikhokelo ezikhutshwe yimibutho efana ne-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) zichaza oku kulandelayo (ezi zinokulungiswa kwilizwe lethu):

• Ukuze usebenzise iparaquat, kufuneka ube nelayisenisi noqeqesho olufanelekileyo .
• Le khemikhali ingasetyenziswa kuphela kwiifama zorhwebo. Ayinakusetyenziswa emakhayeni, kwipropathi yabucala, okanye kwiindawo zokuhlala.
• Le khemikhali kufuneka igcinwe kwisikhongozeli sokuqala, esineelebheli eyayifike naso. Ifanele igcinwe ivaliwe kwaye itshixelwe kude nabanye abantu bangafikeleli kuyo.

Ngamafutshane, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko aphezulu xa usebenzisana nezibulali-zinambuzane eziyingozi kangaka.

Ndingayinyamekela njani impilo yam emva kokutyhefwa yiparaquat?

Abanye abantu abasinda kwityhefu yeparaquat bayachacha ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, abanye banokuba neengxaki zempilo ezihlala ixesha elide. Ngaphambi kokuba uphume esibhedlele, ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi iindlela zonyango ekufuneka uqhubeke ngazo (umz., amayeza, i-dialysis yangaphandle kwesibhedlele).

Kubalulekile ukuya kuzo zonke iintlanganiso zeklinikhi ezichazwe ngugqirha wakho. Kwakhona, ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha okanye iingxaki zempilo, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Khumbula, ukuba unesikrokro sokuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yiparaquat, ungalindi uze ufune unyango olungxamisekileyo ngoko nangoko. Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kuthatha amanyathelo okususa ityhefu emzimbeni wakho ngokukhawuleza. Unyango lwangethuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunciphisa umonakalo. Ngoko ke ungalibazisi!

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu ngetyhefu yeparaquat. Okokugqibela, nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• I-Paraquat sisibulali-zinambuzane esinobungozi kakhulu nesibulalayo. Nokuba sisixa esincinci sinokuba yingozi ebomini.
• Ityhefu inokwenzeka ngokuginywa ngengozi, ukudibana nolusu, okanye ukuphefumla. Eyona nto ibangela ingozi kukufakwa kwezinye iibhotile.
• Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinje ngomqala obuhlungu, ukuhlanza, urhudo, okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla , funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.
• Akukho nyango lucacileyo loku. Unyango olukhawulezileyo kunye nonyango oluxhasayo zibalulekile.
• Ukuthintela kungcono. Sebenzisa, gcina, kwaye uphephe ukusebenzisa ngokukhuselekileyo iikhemikhali eziyingozi ezifana neparaquat ngokungeyomfuneko.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ukuzazi ezi zinto kuza kukunceda kakhulu ekukhuseleni wena nabantu obathandayo.

I- Paraquat, ityhefu, ukhula lwezityalo, iimpawu, uncedo lokuqala, ukhuseleko, ukulima