Uyayoyika iListeria? (Listeriosis) Masifunde ngqo ngale ntsholongwane iyingozi!

Usenokuba awuzange uve ngeli gama elithi 'Listeria'. Kodwa le yinto sonke ekufuneka siyilumkele. Ngamafutshane, iListeria luhlobo lwebhaktheriya, oko kukuthi, intsholongwane encinci. Ukuba oku kungena emizimbeni yethu, sinokukhula kwezifo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngolu sulelo lubizwa ngokuba yiListeriosis ngokweenkcukacha nangokulula.

Yintoni iListeria? Kutheni iyingozi?

I-Listeria luhlobo lwebhaktiriya. Xa le bhaktiriya ingena emizimbeni yethu, siyibiza ngokuba yi-Listeriosis. Xa oku kusenzeka, iimpawu zihlala ziquka urhudo, ukuhlanza, umkhuhlane, iintlungu zomzimba kunye nentlungu yamalungu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi mpawu ziyaphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa.

Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokuchaphazeleka kakhulu yile ntsholongwane. Oku kunokuba yinyani ngakumbi kubafazi abakhulelweyo, iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, kunye nabantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (njengabo bafumana unyango lwe-chemotherapy ngenxa yomhlaza). Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Siyifumana njani i-listeria?

Usulelo lweListeria luhlobo oluthile lokutyhefa ukutya . Luyenzeka xa singazi sitya okanye sisela ukutya okuqulethe intsholongwane yeListeria. Kulungile, iphi ke le ntsholongwane?

Le ntsholongwane ihlala kakhulu emhlabeni, oko kukuthi, emhlabeni. Kodwa inokufumaneka nakwimizimba yezilwanyana, emanzini, nakwezinye iindawo ezininzi. Usulelo lweListeria ludla ngokubangelwa zezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukutya inyama okanye iimveliso zobisi ezivela kwizilwanyana ezineentsholongwane: Ngamanye amaxesha izilwanyana ezifana neenkomo neebhokhwe zinokosulelwa yile ntsholongwane. Xa oko kusenzeka, singagula ukuba sitya inyama okanye ubisi oluvela kwizilwanyana ezingaphekwanga kakuhle.
• Ukutya ukutya okudibene nomphezulu ongcoliswe yintsholongwane: Khawuthelekelele ukuba le ntsholongwane ibikumphezulu kwindawo yokulungiselela ukutya. Emva koko le ntsholongwane ingangena kwinto efana nenyama esikiweyo (umz. `(inyama yedeli)`).
• Ukusela ubisi olungagayiwanga (olungagayiwanga) okanye ukutya iimveliso zobisi ezenziwe ngalo: Ubisi olungagayiwanga lubisi olungakhange lusetyenziswe ekubulaleni iintsholongwane. Olu hlobo lobisi lunokwenzeka ukuba luqulathe iintsholongwane zeListeria.
• Ukutya imifuno neziqhamo ezingcoliswe ziintsholongwane ezivela emhlabeni ngaphandle kokuzihlamba ngokufanelekileyo: Siyazi ukuba imifuno neziqhamo zikhula emhlabeni. Ngoko ke, ezi ntsholongwane ezikhoyo emhlabeni zinokuzingcolisa. Ukuba sizitya ngaphandle kokuzihlamba ngokufanelekileyo, sinokosuleleka.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba usulelo lweListeria aludluliselwa ngqo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Oku kuthetha ukuba alunakudluliselwa ngokuthetha okanye ngokuxhawulana nomntu ogulayo.

Nangona kunjalo, nangona unobangela ungacacanga, abafazi abakhulelweyo basengozini enkulu yokufumana olu sulelo. Ukuba bayakwenza oko, nomntwana osesiswini unokulufumana olu sulelo.

Zithini iimpawu zeListeria?

Iimpawu zosulelo lweListeria zinokwahluka kumntu nomntu, kuxhomekeke ekubeni inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela yomzimba yomntu inamandla kangakanani.

• Kumntu onenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela enamandla: Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ngumkhuhlane, ukuhlanza, urhudo (ukuphazamiseka kwesisu), kunye nentlungu yamalungu. Ezi mpawu zihlala ziphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa.
• Kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka kunye nabo bangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala: Le meko inokuba mandundu ngakumbi kwaba bantu. Iimeko ezimandundu ezifana neebhaktheriya eziqokelelana egazini (`(Bacteremia)`) okanye usulelo lwee-membranes ezijikeleze ingqondo (`(Meningitis)`) zinokwenzeka.
• Kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo: Okumangalisayo kukuba, ukuba umfazi okhulelweyo ufumana i-listeria, usenokuba neempawu ezimbalwa kakhulu. Mhlawumbi ngumkhuhlane nje omncinci kunye neentlungu zomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba yingozi kakhulu kumntwana osesibelekweni. Olu sulelo lunokubangela ukuba umntwana azalwe ngaphambi kwexesha (ukubeletha ngaphambi kwexesha), aphunyelwe sisisu, okanye ade azalwe efile (ukuzalwa efile). Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele kakhulu oku ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ungayixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo intsholongwane yeListeria?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-listeria, ugqirha uza kukuxilonga aze akubuze ngeempawu zakho kunye noko ukutyileyo nokusele kutshanje. Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha bayarhanela ukuba usulelo lwe-listeria lubangelwa kukwasulelwa ngabantu abaninzi kwindawo enye, okanye ukuba abantu abaninzi abatye ukutya okuvela kwindawo enye bayagula.

Iintsholongwane zeListeria azisoloko zibonwa kwiimvavanyo zendle. Ngoko ke oogqirha abasoloko besenza olu vavanyo ngaphandle kokuba bafuna ezinye izifo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha banokufuna ukwenza izinto ezifana novavanyo lwegazi ukujonga iintsholongwane egazini, ukucofa umqolo ukujonga usulelo lobuchopho, okanye i-placenta ukujonga usulelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zokosulelwa yiListeria?

Ukuba abantwana abasempilweni, abantu abadala abaselula, kunye nabantu abadala bafumana usulelo lwe-listeria, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukusela amanzi amaninzi. Oku kuya kunceda ekuthinteleni ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Kufuneka uphumle ngokwaneleyo. Amanye amayeza okulwa norhudo akakhuthazwa ngeli xesha, kuba angenza urhudo lube lubi ngakumbi. Ngoko ke musa ukuthatha naliphi na iyeza ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha kuqala.

Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abasengozini enkulu yokufumana iingxaki ezinkulu ngenxa yosulelo lweListeria (umz., abafazi abakhulelweyo, abantu abaneenkqubo zokuzikhusela zomzimba ezibuthathaka), oogqirha banokunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. La mayeza adla ngokunikezelwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV).

Yintoni esinokuyenza ukuthintela uphuhliso lwe-listeria?

“Ukuthintela kungcono kunonyango,” batsho. Ngoko ke, kukho amanyathelo alula, kodwa abaluleke kakhulu, esinokuwathatha xa kufikwa ekutyeni nasekuseleni ukuze sihlale sikhuselekile kwiListeria. Makhe sijonge ukuba zithini:

• Pheka inkukhu, inyama yenkomo, inyama yehagu, kunye neentlanzi zaselwandle kakuhle: Xa uzipheka, zipheke zide ziphekwe kakuhle ngaphakathi. Musa ukutya inyama okanye intlanzi engaphekwanga kakuhle.
• Pheka amaqanda ade aqine kakhulu: Kuphephe ukutya amaqanda aluhlaza.
• Xa uthenga iimveliso zobisi, khangela ukuba azinazo na iintsholongwane: Kuphephe ukutya ubisi oluluhlaza kunye neemveliso ezenziwe ngalo, ezifana netshizi kunye neyogathi.
• Beka okuseleyo efrijini zingadlulanga iiyure ezi-2: Kwakhona, musa ukukugcina ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezi-3-4.
• Xa uphinda ufudumeza ukutya okuseleyo, kufudumeze de kube kutshaye kakuhle.
• Hlamba iziqhamo nemifuno kakuhle phambi kokuba utye: Ingakumbi izinto ezifana neetapile neebhatata ezigrunjwe emhlabeni, kunye nezinto ezikhula emhlabeni ezifana nelettuce, kufuneka zicocwe kakuhle.
• Yitya iziqhamo ezifana ne-watermelon ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzisika, okanye uzifake efrijini: Musa ukutya i-watermelon esikiweyo ebikwiqondo lobushushu begumbi ngaphezulu kweeyure ezi-4 okanye efrijini ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezi-7, yilahle.
• Hlamba kakuhle yonke ibhodi yokusika, imela, isikhongozeli, kunye nekhawuntara echukumise inyama eluhlaza, inkukhu, iihot dog, kunye nenyama eyosiweyo.
• Gcina ifriji yakho kumaqondo obushushu angama-40 degrees Celsius (40 degrees Fahrenheit) okanye ngaphantsi. Gcina ifriji yakho kumaqondo obushushu angama-18 degrees Celsius (0 degrees Fahrenheit) okanye ngaphantsi. Ukulawula olu bushushu kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukukhula kweebhaktheriya.

Ukuba ukhulelwe okanye usengozini enkulu yokuba ne-listeria (umz., umntu onenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka), qiniseka ukuba ubuza ugqirha wakho ukuba yintoni enye onokuyenza ukuze uzikhusele kolu sulelo. Basenokukuxelela nokuba ungatyi ukutya okuthile.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo sorhudo kangangeveki, okanye unezinye zezi mpawu zilandelayo, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza:

• Ifiva
• Ukuhlanza
• Ukuba kukho igazi elihamba norhudo
• Iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni (umz., ukuchama kancinci kunesiqhelo, umlomo owomileyo, ukungabikho kweenyembezi xa ulila, amehlo atshonileyo)
• Ukulala kakhulu

Abazali bamazi kakuhle umntwana. Ngoko ke, ukuba unezinye izinto ezikuxhalabisayo okanye uloyiko ngomntwana wakho ukongeza kwiimpawu ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, musa ukuzityeshela. Fowunela ugqirha uze ufumane ingcebiso.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu ngeListeria namhlanje, akunjalo? Ngamafutshane, iListeria lusulelo lwebhaktheriya olusasazeka ngokutya. Nangona luhlala luphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kumntu oqhelekileyo, lunokuba yingozi kubafazi abakhulelweyo, abantwana abancinci, abantu abadala, kunye nabo baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukukhumbula ukhuseleko lokutya. Ukuba senza ezi zinto ngokufanelekileyo xa sipheka, sigcina, kwaye sicoca ukutya, asinakukuphepha i-listeria kuphela, kodwa nezinye izinto ezininzi ezibangela iityhefu zokutya.

Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, okanye ukuba ucinga ukuba wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho unokuba neempawu zeListeria, nceda ucele ingcebiso kugqirha. Musa ukoyika, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi kwaye ufumane unyango ngokukhawuleza.

IListeria , iListeriosis, ukutyhefeka kokutya, iibhaktheriya, ukukhulelwa, ukhuseleko lokutya, iimpawu