Ngaba uziva iintlungu emilenzeni yakho, ingakumbi kwindawo yethole, xa uhamba? Ngaba uziva ngathi imilenze yakho ilahlekelwa ngamandla emva kokuhamba umgama omfutshane, kwaye ibonakala incipha xa uphumla? Mhlawumbi umthambo wegazi emlenzeni wakho uya uvaleka kancinci kancinci. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yiPeripheral Artery Disease (PAD). Namhlanje sithetha ngotyando olukhethekileyo olwenziwa xa le meko inzima kwaye ingenakulawulwa ngolunye unyango.
Yintoni iPeripheral Artery Bypass?
Ngamafutshane, kufana nokwakha indlela entsha yokudlula ukuze kuthintelwe iimoto ezininzi endleleni. I-cholesterol kunye nezinye izinto ezinamafutha ziyaqokelelana kwimithambo yegazi ethwala igazi emizimbeni yethu, ingakumbi emilenzeni yethu, kwaye zenze "iplaque." Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le plaque iyaqokelelana ize ivale imithambo yegazi. Oku kuthintela izicubu ezisemilenzeni yethu ioksijini kunye nezondlo ezifunekayo.
Ngoko ke, kutyando lwePeripheral Artery Bypass , ugqirha udala indlela entsha yokudlula umthambo wegazi ovalekileyo. Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa umthambo wegazi ophilileyo ovela emzimbeni wakho (ngesiqhelo umthambo ovela emlenzeni wakho) okanye i-graft. Oku kuqhagamshelwe ngaphezulu nangaphantsi kwendawo evalekileyo, kudala indlela entsha yokuhamba kwegazi.
Ngubani ngokwenene odinga olu tyando?
Olu tyando alulungelanga wonke umntu one-PAD. Ugqirha wakho uza kuqala azame amayeza, utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila (njengokuyeka ukutshaya, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokutya), kwaye mhlawumbi nezinye iindlela zonyango ezibandakanya ukusikwa okuncinci (ezifana ne-angioplasty okanye i-stenting).
Olu tyando ludla ngokucetyiswa kwabo bangakhange bafumane ziphumo ziphumeleleyo kwezi ndlela kwaye abaye bavala kakhulu inxalenye enkulu yemithambo yegazi yabo.
Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili zokuqwalasela olu tyando.
| Uphawu | Ithetha ntoni le nto? |
|---|---|
| Intlungu yomlenze xa uhamba okanye ebusuku | Le ntlungu yenzeka xa izihlunu zingafumani oksijini ngenxa yokuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi. Ukuba intlungu inzima kangangokuba awukwazi ukulala ebusuku, yimeko embi kakhulu. |
| Amanxeba angapholiyo emilenzeni | Ngenxa yokungahambi kakuhle kwegazi, amanxeba awafumani izondlo ezifunekayo ukuze aphiliswe. Nokuba umkrwelo omncinci ungajika ube linxeba elikhulu. |
| Ukufa kwezicubu (iGangrene) | Eli lelona nqanaba linzima kakhulu. Xa igazi eliya emlenzeni liphantse lanqunyulwa ngokupheleleyo, iinzwane okanye iindawo zonyawo ziba mnyama zize ziqale ukufa. Ukuba utyando alwenziwanga ngeli xesha, umlenze usenokufuneka unqunyulwe. |
Yintoni omele uyenze ngaphambi kotyando?
Xa ugqirha egqiba ekubeni akwenzele olu tyando, uza kwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ukujonga impilo yakho ngokubanzi.
- I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Jonga umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo.
- I-Ultrasound Scan: Jonga ngqo apho imithambo yegazi ivalekile khona kwaye inzima kangakanani.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga izinto ezifana neswekile egazini, i-cholesterol, kunye nokusebenza kwezintso.
- Uvavanyo loxinzelelo: Olu vavanyo ngamanye amaxesha lwenziwa ukuze kubonwe indlela intliziyo esebenza ngayo ngexesha lokuzilolonga.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba ungumntu otshayayo, kufuneka uyeke ngokupheleleyo ukutshaya kwiiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kotyando lwakho. Ukutshaya kunciphisa imithambo yegazi yakho kwaye kwandisa umngcipheko weengxaki emva kotyando. Kuya kufuneka uphephe ukutya okanye ukusela emva kobusuku bobusuku ngaphambi kotyando lwakho kwaye uyeke ukuthatha nawaphi na amayeza ugqirha wakho akuxelele ukuba uyeke.
Lwenziwa njani olu tyando?
Uza kunikwa i-anesthesia eqhelekileyo (ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kukuqonda) ukuze ungabi nantlungu ngexesha lotyando. Emva koko, ugqirha uza kwenza imingxunya emide eyi-intshi ezi-4-8 ngaphezulu nangaphantsi komthambo wegazi ovalekileyo. Ukuba kusetyenziswa umthambo ophilileyo emlenzeni wakho ukwenza i-bypass, kuya kwenziwa umngxunya owahlukileyo ngenxa yoko.
Emva koko i-graft ithungelwa ngononophelo kwimithambo yegazi esempilweni ngaphezulu nangaphantsi kwe-blockage. Nje ukuba igazi elitsha lenziwe, i-incision ivalwe ngezititshi okanye ii-staples. Yonke inkqubo ingathatha naphi na ukusuka kwiiyure ezimbini ukuya kwezintandathu, kuxhomekeke kubunzima botyando.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando?
Emva kotyando, kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele malunga neentsuku ezi-2-5. Ngeli xesha, oogqirha kunye nabahlengikazi baya kujonga rhoqo ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nomkhuhlane. Okubaluleke kakhulu, baya kujonga rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba igazi lihamba kakuhle emlenzeni ohlinzweyo. Baza kukunika amayeza entlungu.
Emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya, ugqirha uza kukunika amayeza aliqela oza kuqhubeka uwasebenzisa.
- Amayeza ohlobo lwe -statin (i-cholesterol ephantsi).
- Amayeza anjenge -Aspirin okanye i-Clopidogrel (ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi kwi-transplant entsha).
Kuqhelekile ukuba umntu angabi namdla wokutya, azive iintlungu okanye azive engenamdla kwiindawo ezisikiweyo, avuvuke imilenze, aze azive ebuhlungu kwizihlunu xa ehamba kwiiveki zokuqala emva kokubuyela ekhaya. Ezi zinto ziya kuncipha kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kungathatha malunga neeveki ezi-6-8 ukuphola ngokupheleleyo.
Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengozi zalo tyando?
Njengalo lonke utyando olukhulu, olu luneengenelo kunye neengozi ezithile.
| Iingenelo | Iingozi/Iingxaki |
|---|---|
| Ukunceda intlungu ebuhlungu yomlenze engakhange ithomalaliswe zezinye iindlela zonyango. | Amahlwili egazi. |
| Amanxeba angapholiswanga aqala ukuphola. | Usulelo kwimikrwelo. |
| Susa umngcipheko wokulahlekelwa ngumlenze ngenxa yesifo sokubola. | Ukopha kakhulu. |
| Iziphumo ezihlala ixesha elide (60%-85% yokufakelwa izitho zisasebenza kakuhle nangona sele kudlule iminyaka emi-5). | Ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo kwindawo yotyando. |
| Umgangatho wobomi ophucukileyo kunye nokukwazi ukuhamba. | Umngcipheko omncinci wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo (malunga ne-3% yotyando). |
Uninzi lwabantu alubi neengxaki ezinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 kunye nabo banezinye izifo, ezifana nesifo seswekile okanye isifo sezintso, basengozini enkulu kancinci yeengxaki. Ngamanye amaxesha, kwane-graft entsha eyenziweyo inokuthintelwa emva kweminyaka emininzi. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, unyango lunokufuneka luphindwe.
Emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya, ukuba unesifo somkhuhlane, uziva ubanda, uphuma ulwelo olufana nobovu kwindawo yotyando, okanye ukuba kukho utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kumbala, imilo, okanye imvakalelo yomlenze wakho, bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Utyando lwe-Peripheral Artery Bypass lutyando olukhulu olwenziwa kubantu abanemithambo yegazi evalekileyo emilenzeni yabo abangakhange baphendule kwezinye iindlela zonyango.
- Ukuba uyatshaya, kubalulekile ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi nasemva kotyando ukuze ufumane iziphumo eziphumelelayo.
- Sela amayeza anikwe ngugqirha wakho ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ungalibali ukuthatha amayeza akho okunciphisa igazi, ingakumbi.
- Ungaphoswa ziintlanganiso zasekliniki emva kotyando. Ugqirha wakho kufuneka ahlole rhoqo ukujikeleza kwegazi emilenzeni yakho.
- Ukuba ubona umkhuhlane, ukuphuma kwegazi emlenzeni, okanye utshintsho olukhawulezileyo emlenzeni wakho, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
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