Ngaba umntwana wakho ubambeka xa ebiza amagama? Masifunde ngeFonological Disorder!

Ngaba wakha waphawula ukuba umntwana wakho akawabizi kakuhle amagama athile xa ethetha? Mhlawumbi babiza unobumba omnye endaweni yomnye, okanye bathetha igama elishiyekileyo ekuqaleni okanye ekupheleni konobumba. Kuqhelekile ukuba abantwana benze ezi mpazamo zincinci xa befunda ulwimi. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantwana, ezi ndlela zokuthetha zinokuhlala zidlule kwiminyaka elindelekileyo (ngesiqhelo malunga neminyaka emi-3 okanye emi-4 ubudala). Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngenye imeko enjalo.

Yintoni le ngxaki yefonetiki?

Ngamafutshane, isifo sefonetiki luhlobo lokuphazamiseka kwesandi sokuthetha. Abantwana abanale meko banengxaki yokuhlela intetho, oko kukuthi, izandi ezenza amagama esiwathethayo. Khawuthelekelele ukuba unoonobumba (izandi) abenza amagama, kodwa unengxaki yokuwahlanganisa ukuze enze igama.

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, ingaba oku kufana naxa abanye abantwana bebiza unobumba u-"s" njengonobumba u-"th"? Oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-Articulation Disorder . Kuxa umntwana enengxaki yokusebenzisa umlomo, ulwimi, kunye nemilebe ukuvelisa isandi esifanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-Phonological Disorder, umntwana unokuvelisa izandi, kodwa ingxaki ivela xa ezo zandi zihlanganiswa, zilungelelaniswe, kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukwenza amagama.

Umzekelo, igama elithi "bole" lenziwe ngezandi ezithi "bo" kunye nelithi "le". Umntwana onengxaki yefonetiki usenokuthi "bobo" endaweni yelithi "bole", okanye usenokuthi "le" kuphela.

Ngokwesiqhelo, abantwana abancinci benza ezi mpazamo xa befunda ulwimi. Kodwa xa beneminyaka emi-3 okanye emi-4 ubudala, ezi mpazamo ziya kube ziphelile kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana unengxaki yefonetiki, ezi ndlela zokuthetha zingachanekanga zinokuqhubeka nasemva kwaloo minyaka.

Ngamanye amaxesha le meko ingenzeka yodwa. Okanye ingenzeka xa umntu enengxaki yokufunda efana ne -dyslexia . Enyanisweni, ithathwa njengeyona nto iphambili ebangela i-dyslexia. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba wonke umntu onengxaki yefonetiki uza kuba ne-dyslexia, kwaye akuthethi ukuba wonke umntu onesifo se-dyslexia unayo.

Eyona nto ingcono kukuba neemeko ezinzima zePhonological Disorder zinokunyangwa ngempumelelo ngokusebenzisana neSpeech-Language Pathologist . Ezinye iimeko ezincinci zinokuphucula ngokwazo ngokuhamba kwexesha, zihlala zimalunga neminyaka emi-6 ubudala.

Le meko ikwabizwa ngokuba "ziingxaki zokucubungula ifonetiki" kunye "neengxaki zokuthetha ngefonetiki."

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeengxaki zefonetiki?

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zale nto:

1.Ingxaki yeFonological eqhubekayo: Kule meko, umntwana wakho wenza impazamo efanayo yokuthetha ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba singayilindela kwangaphambili impazamo.

• Umzekelo, mhlawumbi uhlala esebenzisa isandi esithi "da" endaweni yesandi esithi "ga" (njengo "dedara" endaweni yesandi esithi "gedara").
• Okanye, isonantenti sokuqala segama siyasuswa size sibizwe (njengo "at" xa uthi "cat", "ag" xa uthi "tag"). KwisiSinhala, igama elithi "kaputa" libizwa njengo "aputa".

2. Ingxaki yefonetiki engaguquguqukiyo: Kule meko, umntwana ubiza igama elifanayo ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngalo lonke ixesha.

• Umzekelo, xa uzama ukubiza igama elithi "inja," ungathi "palla" kube kanye, "nalla" kwakhona, kwaye uthi "kalla" kwakhona.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Kuqikelelwa ukuba phakathi kwe-8% kunye ne-9% yabantwana abancinci eMelika baneengxaki ezithile zesandi sokuthetha. Oku kuquka zombini i-Articulation Disorder kunye ne-Phonological Disorder.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo sefonetiki?

Oku kunokwahluka kumntu nomntu. Abantwana abaneengxaki zefonetiki baneendlela zabo zokuthetha ezahlukileyo.

Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo:

• Amanye amakhonsonanti ayatshintsha izandi zawo. Umzekelo, igama elithi "ka" libizwa endaweni ka-"ta" (njengo "kopi" endaweni ka-"topi").
• Amagama aneesilabhi ezininzi, anentsingiselo yamagama anamalungu amaninzi, anokuba nzima ukuwabiza. Ukubiza igama elifana nelithi "train" kunokudida.
• Isandi esivakalayo siyakhutshwa. Umzekelo, endaweni yokuthi "isikolo", kuthiwa "kola".
• Kubizwa isilabhili enye kuphela yegama elinesilabhili ezimbini. Njengegama elithi "puwa" okanye "tuwa" endaweni yelithi "putuwa".
• Ukuphinda unobumba omnye ukuze kube lula igama. Njengo "baba" endaweni ka "baba". (Oku kuqhelekile xa usemncinci kakhulu, kodwa ukuba kuyaqhubeka, kufuneka unikele ingqalelo).

Zithini izizathu zeSifono?

Enyanisweni, oogqirha abasazi ukuba kutheni abanye abantwana befumana le meko kanti abanye abayenzi. Abasoloko befumana unobangela ocacileyo. Bakholelwa ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba yindibaniselwano yezinto zemfuza kunye neemeko ezingqongileyo .

Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Nangona izizathu ezichanekileyo zingacacanga, kukho izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko onokunyusa amathuba okuba umntwana wakho abe nesifo sokungakwazi ukuthetha kakuhle. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakhe okhe waba neengxaki zesandi sokuthetha ngaphambili.
• Ukuba kukho ukulibaziseka kophuhliso .
• Ukuba kukho utshintsho lwemfuza oluchaphazela intetho nolwimi.
• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva , oko kukuthi, ukuba kukho ukukhubazeka kokuva.
• Ukuba unengxaki yemithambo-luvo .

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ukuba i-Phonological Disorder ayinyangwa?

Ukuba le meko ayinyangwa, ezinye iingxaki zingavela. Ezi ziquka:

• Kuvela imingeni yezemfundo.
• Ukuqonda okunciphileyo.
• Ukulibaziseka kophuhliso lolwimi.
• Ubunzima bokunxibelelana nabanye.
• Izakhono zokufunda eziphantsi.
• Ingxaki yokwenza izivakalisi.

Khawucinge nje, ukuba oku akujongwa eselula, lo mntwana unokuba nobunzima bokuthetha nabahlobo bakhe, ukuqonda oko kuthethwa ngutitshala, nokufunda iincwadi xa esiya esikolweni. Oku kunokunciphisa ukuzithemba kwakhe kwaye kuthintele ukufunda kwakhe.

Ungayichonga njani ingxaki yefonetiki?

Ukuze umntwana wakho axilongwe oku, kufuneka ahlolwe yiNgcali yezifo zoLwimi lokuThetha . Ngexesha lovavanyo, ingcali yezonyango ingacela umntwana wakho ukuba enze izinto ezifana nezi:

• Thetha amagama athile.
• Funda ngokuvakalayo.
• Phinda amanye amabinzana.

Olu vavanyo lokuthetha luvumela ugqirha ukuba angazihoyi ezinye iimeko ezifana nokulahlekelwa kukuva, iimeko zemithambo-luvo, okanye ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.

Iphathwa njani le nto?

Oogqirha basebenzisa unyango lokuthetha ukunyanga iingxaki zefonetiki. Ingcali yokuthetha nolwimi iya kuphuhlisa isicwangciso sonyango esilungiselelwe iimfuno zomntwana wakho.

Injongo ephambili yolu nyango "kukususa" iipateni zesandi umntwana azifundileyo ngokuchanekileyo xa efunda ulwimi, kunye nokufundisa iipateni ezichanekileyo. Ukuze enze oku, ingcali yezonyango isebenzisa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo enxulumene nokumamela nokuthetha. Umzekelo:

• Ubugcisa kunye nemisebenzi yezandla, efana nokuzoba nombala.
• Ukudlala imidlalo yebhodi.
• Ukusebenzisa amakhadi efleshi.
• Undize.
• Umdlalo ofana nokutya iibhokhwe (iHopscotch).

Konke oku kwenziwa ngendlela eyenza kube mnandi kumntwana ukufunda nokonwaba.

Iyintoni imbonakalo yeengxaki zefonetiki?

Ingxaki yefonetiki inokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo , ingakumbi kubantwana abaqala unyango lokuthetha besebancinci. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zixhomekeke kubunzulu bemeko kunye nokuba uqala nini unyango kwangoko.

Ngaba oku kungathintelwa?

Kwezinye iimeko, kukho izinto ezinokunceda ekuthinteleni i-Phonological Disorder. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso:

• Cela umntwana wakho ahlolwe rhoqo ukuba akava kakuhle na . Ngamanye amaxesha nokuba akava kakuhle kangako kunokuchaphazela indlela athetha ngayo.
• Dlala imidlalo efuna ukuphulaphula nokuthetha nomntwana wakho .
• Mfundele iincwadi umntwana wakho yonke imihla . Oku kuya kumnceda aqonde ngcono amagama kunye neepateni zezandi.

Khumbula, iingxaki zokuthetha zihlala zisenzeka ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo. Ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yefonetiki, akuthethi ukuba wenze into engalunganga. Ngamanye amaxesha ziyenzeka nje.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nendlela umntwana wakho athetha ngayo kunye nophuhliso lolwimi, thetha nogqirha wakho wabantwana . Ngokwesiqhelo,

• Ukuba umntwana wakho uneminyaka emi-2 ubudala , kufuneka uqonde malunga ne-50% yezinto azithethayo.
• Ukuba umntwana wakho uneminyaka emi-4 ubudala , kufuneka ukwazi ukuqonda uninzi lwezinto azithethayo.

Ngokukodwa, bonana nogqirha ukuba umntwana wakho wenza nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:

• Ukuba awukwazi ukwenza izandi zentetho emva kweminyaka emi-6 .
• Ukuba uneentloni ngemingeni yakhe yokuthetha.
• Nokuba emva kweminyaka esi-7, kulungile ukuyeka ezinye izandi zentetho, okanye ukutshintsha esinye ngesinye.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Kuqhelekile ukuba nexhala xa ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo sokuthetha ifonetiki. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo onokumbuza ugqirha:

• Ingxaki yokuthetha yomntwana wam imbi kangakanani?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo kumntwana wam?
• Umntwana wam uza kuyidinga ixesha elingakanani i-speech therapy?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndizijonge ekhaya?
• Ndingenza ntoni ngomntwana wam ukuze ndimncede?

Ufuna umntwana wakho aphumelele ebomini kwaye abe namava amahle. Njengomzali, ukufunda ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuthetha kunokuba ngumthombo woxinzelelo noloyiko. "Uza kunxibelelana njani nabanye?", "Ngaba uza kukwazi ukwenza abahlobo?", "Ngaba uza kukwazi ukuhlalisana nabanye abantwana?" Zonke ezi ziinkxalabo eziqhelekileyo. Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuthetha nogqirha wezingane womntwana wakho. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantwana abaqala unyango kwangethuba banokufunda ukuthetha kakuhle baze baphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo.

Khumbula eyona nto ibalulekileyo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

• Ukuba umntwana wakho uhlala etyibilika, etshintshatshintsha oonobumba, okanye eshiya oonobumba xa ethetha, oko kusenokuba yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yiPhonological Disorder.
• Okwenzekayo kule meko kukuba umntwana akakwazi ukuhlela kakuhle izandi ezifunekayo ukuze enze amagama.
• Le meko inganyangeka ukuba ifunyaniswe kwangethuba kwaye unyango lokuthetha luqalisiwe.
• Ukuba uneengxaki, ungabi nantloni okanye ungoyiki ukubona ugqirha wakho wabantwana ukuze akunike iingcebiso. Uza kukuthumela kwiNgcali yezifo zoLwimi lokuThetha.
• Ukuthetha nomntwana wakho, ukudlala naye, nokufunda iincwadi kunokunceda kakhulu ekuphuhliseni ulwimi lomntwana wakho.

Musa ukoyika ukuba ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki encinci efana nale. Ngolwalathiso nothando olufanelekileyo, ungoyisa nantoni na!

Ingxaki yefonetiki , iingxaki zokuthetha, intetho yabantwana, ukuxinana kwamagama, ukutshintsha oonobumba, unyango lokuthetha, unyango lokuthetha