Ingaba umntwana wakho akawabizi kakuhle amagama? Masithethe nge-Articulation Disorder!

Ngaba umntwana wakho akathethi kakuhle oonobumba namagama athile xa ethetha? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukufumanisa kunzima ukuqonda oko akutshoyo? Nangona izinto ezinjalo ziqhelekile ebuntwaneni, ukuba le meko iyaqhubeka nasemva kweminyaka ethile, kuya kufuneka wenze uphando ngayo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko enjalo, oko kukuthi, ubunzima bokubiza izandi ngokuchanekileyo xa uthetha, okanye ngokwezonyango, (Articulation Disorder) .

Yintoni i-Articulation Disorder?

Ngamafutshane, xa beneminyaka emi-4 okanye emi-5 ubudala, abantwana abancinci badla ngokufunda ukubiza phantse zonke izandi ngokucacileyo. Cinga ngale ndlela: babiza amagama anje ngo-'mama', 'dada', kunye no-'ball' kakuhle kakhulu. Kodwa abanye abantwana, nangona emva koko, oko kukuthi, xa sele besondele esikolweni, banobunzima bokubiza amagama ngokucacileyo. Xa oko kusenzeka, sikubiza ngokuba 'yingxaki yesandi sokuthetha'. Olunye uhlobo lwale 'ngxaki yesandi sokuthetha' yinto esiyibiza ngokuba 'yingxaki yokuthetha'. Kulapho umntwana enengxaki yokuvelisa izandi ezithile zentetho .

Ngoku, khangela, `(Articulation)` yinkqubo esiyisebenzisayo ukuvelisa izandi, iisilabhili, namagama. Njengenjini yemoto, umlomo wethu, ulwimi, imilebe, amazinyo, kunye nenkalakahla zonke kufuneka zisebenzisane ukuze zithethe. Umntwana one`(Articulation Disorder)` usenokungakwazi ukubiza ezinye izandi ngokuchanekileyo, okanye angazibiza ngokuchanekileyo ezo zandi. Cinga ngako, abanye abantwana bathi unobumba 's' njengo 'th' ('shoes' endaweni ka 'thapattu'), okanye bathi 'ya' endaweni ka 'ra' ('karek' endaweni ka 'kayake'). Ngenxa yoku, kunokuba nzima kwabanye ukuqonda oko umntwana akutshoyo. Akupheleli apho, oku kunokuchaphazela ubudlelwane bomntwana noluntu, ukufunda, kwaye ngakumbi umsebenzi wesikolo.

Le meko ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-"Functional Speech Disorder" okanye "Articulation Delay." Oko kukuthi, kukho ingxaki okanye ukulibaziseka ekusebenzeni kwentetho.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwesi (Articulation Disorder) kunye (Phonological Disorder)?

Nangona `(Artilation Disorder)` kunye `(Phonological Disorder)` zibonakala zifana kakhulu, ezi zimbini zahlukile ngokwenene. Ke ngoko, kulula ukuzibhidanisa ezi zimbini. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini. Kuba, iindlela zonyango zazo zombini zahlukile.

Ngoku, ingxaki ebantwaneni abane-Articulation Disorder yimisebenzi ye-motor efunekayo ukuvelisa izandi ezithile zentetho.Ubunzima. Oko kukuthi, abakwazi ukulungelelanisa kakuhle imilebe yabo, ulwimi, amazinyo, inkalakahla, kwanomoya ophuma emiphungeni yabo ukuze bavelise izandi ezithile. Basenokuguqula izandi okanye batshintshe ezinye izandi endaweni yezandi abangenakukwazi ukuzithetha. Umzekelo, kwigama lesiNgesi elithi 'cinga', abanakuvelisa isandi 'th' (njenge '' ngesiSinhala) kwaye bahlala besebenzisa isandi 'f' (njenge '' ngesiSinhala). Emva koko 'cinga' kuvakala ngathi 'fink'.

Nangona kunjalo, kwi-`(Phonological Disorder)`, kukho enye into eyenzekayo. Apha, umntwana unokukwazi ukuvelisa izandi ezizimeleyo ngokuchanekileyo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba umcela ukuba abize unobumba 'the' yedwa, uza kutsho ngokuchanekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-`(Phonological Disorder)`, akanakuzidibanisa ezo zandi ngokuchanekileyo aze azibize ngamagama. Umzekelo, nangona umntwana wakho enokubiza isandi 'the' yedwa, ukuba uzama ukubiza igama elithi 'cango', unokulibiza njengo-'gora'. Okanye, usenokungathethi unobumba ekupheleni kwegama.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba umntwana wakho angaba nazo zombini ezi ngxaki ngaxeshanye. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba nogqirha ochwephesha axilonge imeko echanekileyo.

Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana le (Articulation Disorder)?

Le meko, ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Articulation Disorder," idla ngokubonakala ebuntwaneni . Ukuba ayinyangwa kakuhle, inokuhlala ide ibe ngumntu omdala. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntu omdala ufumana ingxaki entsha yesandi sokuthetha, unobangela kufuneka ube yinto eyahlukileyo (umzekelo, ukwenzakala kwengqondo okanye istroke).

Nangona unobangela ochanekileyo ungaziwa, le `(Articulation Disorder)` ixhaphake kakhulu kubafana kunamantombazana. Kwakhona, ukuba umama ube neengxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye lokuzala, umntwana unokuba nengxaki yesandi sokuthetha. Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakhe okhe waba nale meko ngaphambili, oko kukuthi, ukuba kukho imbali yosapho, umntwana naye unokuba nale meko.

Zixhaphake kangakanani iingxaki zesandi sokuthetha?

Ukuphazamiseka kwesandi sokuthetha kuqhelekile kakhulu . Izibalo zibonisa ukuba le meko ichaphazela phakathi kwe -8% kunye ne-9% yabantwana. Oko kuthetha ukuba abantwana abasi-8 okanye abasi-9 kwabayi-100 banokuba nale ngxaki.

Zithini izizathu zeArticulation Disorder?

Enyanisweni, unobangela ochanekileyo we-`(Articulation Disorder)` awukafunyanwa . Lo ngumbuzo abazali abaninzi abanawo. "Kutheni oku kwenzeke kumntwana wethu kuphela?" bayazibuza. Kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba kukho into engalunganga ngengqondo yomntwana wakho, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, imilebe, ulwimi, amazinyo, umhlathi, imiphunga, okanye inkqubo yokuva (amandla okuva). Oko kukuthi, umntwana usenokuba sempilweni kuzo zonke ezinye iinkalo .

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iintlobo zeengxaki zokuthetha. Zinokuba nezizathu. Umzekelo, iingxaki eziphilayo, zophuhliso, okanye ezifunyenweyo. Ezi zibangelwa zezinye iimeko. Cinga ngeengxaki zokwakheka komlomo (ezifana ne-cleft palate) okanye ukuphazamiseka kokuva. Nangona kunjalo, akukho sizathu sicacileyo se-Articulation Disorder.

Zithini iimpawu ze-Articulation Disorder? Uyibona njani?

Umntwana one-`(Articulation Disorder)` unokuba nobunzima bokuqonda into ayithethayo. Ngokuyintloko babonisa uhlobo olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezine zeempazamo. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi:

• Ukongeza: Ukongeza izandi okanye iisilabhili ezingezizo ezamagama. Umzekelo, igama lesiNgesi elithi 'play' libizwa ngokuthi 'puh-lay'. KwisiSinhala, igama elithi 'bole' libizwa ngokuthi 'bo-hole' ngesandi esongezelelweyo.
• Ukuguqulwa kwesandi: Ukutshintsha indlela esithethwa ngayo isandi. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kungathi yi-'lisp' (umz. u-'sa' uvakala ngathi ngu-'tha', u-'sini' uvakala ngathi ngu-'theeni').
• Ukungafakwa: Ezinye izandi zisuswa ngokupheleleyo kwintetho. Umzekelo, xa kusithiwa 'isikolo', isandi 'sc' siyasuswa size sibizwe njengo-'ool'. KwisiSinhala, 'isikolo' sibizwa njengo-'kole'.
• Ukutshintsha: Soloko utshintsha isandi esinye ngesinye. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa isandi u-'s' endaweni yesandi u-'th', okanye ukusebenzisa isandi u-'wa' endaweni ka-'ra' ('rata' ifana no-'vata').

Ukuba umntwana wakho uxinezelekile ngokweemvakalelo ngenxa yesi "Sifo Sokungakwazi Ukuthetha," usenokubonakalisa iindlela ezithile zokuziphatha. Cinga ngezi:

• Abathandi ukufunda iincwadi ngokuvakalayo okanye ukuthetha nabanye.
• Ukuhlala uthule, okanye ukuzenza umntu oneentloni kakhulu .
• Xa uthetha, uyacaphuka , mhlawumbi ude ube nomsindo.
• Amanye amagama aphela ngokupheleleyo .
• Iingxaki zivela ngokuzithemba nokuzihlonipha .

Ungazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unesifo sokuthetha? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuthetha, ugqirha wosapho okanye ugqirha wezingane uya kuqala enze uvavanyo lomzimba . Baya kwenza novavanyo lokuva . Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukuthintela ezinye iimeko, ingakumbi ukulahlekelwa kukuva. Kuba ukuba awukwazi ukuva kakuhle, awukwazi ukuthetha amagama kakuhle.

Ukuba kufumaniseke ukuba ingxaki yokuthetha ayibangelwanga yingxaki yezonyango, ugqirha wakho uya kukuthumela kwiNgcali yezifo zoLwimi lokuThetha (SLP).I-SLP ngumntu ogxile kwiingxaki zokuthetha, ulwimi, kunye nonxibelelwano. Ngokuchanekileyo, bafana nogqirha ogxile ekuthetheni.

Xa udibana ne-SLP, baya kuvavanya umntwana wakho ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• Umntwana ucelwa ukuba athethe izandi ezithile namagama athile.
• Ngethuba edlala nomntwana, ethetha naye, kwaye evavanya intetho yakhe ngexesha lencoko eqhelekileyo.
• Uvavanyo lokuxilonga oluQhelekileyo lwenziwa. Olu luvavanyo oluyilwe ngokukodwa.
• Imbali yezonyango yomntwana, efana nokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha kunye nosulelo lwendlebe lwangaphambili, iyaqwalaselwa.
• Uxoxa ngokuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakhe okhe waba neengxaki zokuthetha.
• Ulwakhiwo lomlomo, njengamazinyo nenkalakahla, luyajongwa ukuba akukho nanye ingxaki enokuthi ichaphazele le meko.
• Indlela umntwana athetha ngayo kunye nendlela athetha ngayo iyathathelwa ingqalelo.
• Jonga iintshukumo zomlomo, ulwimi, kunye nemilebe yomntwana xa ethetha.

Ngokusebenzisa ezi ngqalelo kunye novavanyo lokuxilonga, i-SLP inokumisela ukuba umntu unesifo sokuthetha, isifo sefonetiki, okanye esinye isifo sokuthetha.

Banokuhlela nobunzima bale `(Articulation Disorder)` , ukusuka ``ebunzi`` ukuya ``ebunzi``. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa obu bunzima:

• Ingakanani intetho yomntwana eqondwa yi-SLP?
• Isikali samanani, umzekelo ukusuka ku-1 ukuya kwi-10.
• Ipesenti yeekhonsonanti ezibizwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Uyinyanga njani ingxaki yokuthetha?

Ukuze kunyangwe iSifo sokuthetha, i-SLP yomntwana wakho ingacebisa unyango lokuthetha . Olu lolona nyango luqhelekileyo nolusebenzayo. Umntwana wakho uza kusebenza ne-SLP kwintetho yakhe kwiintlanganiso eziqhelekileyo (kanye okanye kabini ngeveki). Baza kunikwa nemithambo kunye nemisebenzi abanokuyenza ekhaya. Inkxaso yakho njengomzali ibaluleke kakhulu apha.

Ngexesha loNyango lokuThetha ngeNtetho, i-SLP yomntwana imnceda umntwana ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye nokuzilolonga. Oku kwenziwa ngendlela yokudlala, ngendlela umntwana ayonwabela ngayo:

• Chonga izandi angenakukwazi ukuzithetha.
• Lungisa indlela ovelisa ngayo eso sandi (indlela obeka ngayo umlomo wakho, ulwimi, kunye nemilebe yakho).
• Funda kwakhona iindlela ezilawula iinxalenye zentetho (umzekelo, indlela yokuhambisa ulwimi ngokufanelekileyo, indlela yokulawula imilebe ngokufanelekileyo).
• Yomeleza izihlunu ezibandakanyekayo kwintetho.
• Ziqhelise ukwenza izandi nokuthetha amagama ekhaya.

Ngaba i-Articulation Disorder ingathintelwa?

Akukho ndlela zithile zokuthintela i-Articulation Disorder. Kuba njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, akukho sizathu sithile sifunyenweyo sale nto. Nangona kunjalo,Unyango lwangethuba lunokuthintela ingxaki yokuthetha ukuba ingabi mandundu okanye ichaphazele ukufunda kunye nokusebenzisana nabantu. Ngoko ke, ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho okanye ukungacaci kakuhle kwintetho yomntwana wakho, kungcono ukuba uyihlole.

Liza kuba njani ikamva kumntwana onengxaki yokunxibelelana?

Le yenye yezona zinto zinkulu abazali abaninzi abazoyikayo. Bacinga izinto ezinje, "Ngaba umntwana wethu akasayi kuze akwazi ukuthetha kakuhle?" "Ngaba uza kushiywa ngaphandle esikolweni?"

Kodwa inyaniso kukuba, ukuba ifunyaniswe kwangethuba kwaye unyango luqala ngokufanelekileyo (Speech Therapy), iingxaki zokuthetha zinokuthintelwa ukuba zingabi zimbi kwaye impembelelo ekufundeni nakubudlelwane bentlalo ingancitshiswa.

Umntwana onengxaki yokuthetha angafunda ukuthetha ngokucacileyo . Abantwana abaninzi baqala ukuthetha kakuhle xa befumana unyango. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezinzima ngakumbi , unyango lokuthetha oluhlala ixesha elide lunokufuneka. Kuthatha ixesha, kodwa kuyasebenza.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneengxaki malunga nezakhono zomntwana wakho zokuthetha okanye zokunxibelelana, musa ukuzigcina kuwe. Thetha nogqirha wakho wosapho okanye ugqirha wezingane. Lumka ngakumbi ukuba umntwana wakho wenza nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:

• Ukuba ubonisa naziphi na iingxaki zokuziphatha ezinxulumene nokuthetha (umz., ukoyika ukuthetha, ukungathethi nabanye).
• Kwanasemva kweminyaka emi-4 okanye emi-5, ezinye izandi azibizwa kakuhle, kwaye amagama akacaci.
• Ukuba uyeka ukuthetha izandi ezithile okanye amagama obuwathetha kakuhle.

Ngamafutshane, umntwana onengxaki yokuthetha uneengxaki zokuvelisa izandi ezithile. Ukuba umntwana wakho uneminyaka emi-4 okanye emi-5 ubudala kwaye akakwazi ukubiza izandi ezithile ngokufanelekileyo, okanye ukuba wena okanye abanye ninengxaki yokuqonda into ayithethayo, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho wabantwana okanye ugqirha wosapho. Banokugqiba ukuba kukho ingxaki yezonyango okanye ukuba kufuneka uthunyelwe kwingcali yezifo zentetho kunye nolwimi (SLP) ukuze kusetyenziswe unyango lokuthetha.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule kweli bali (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, nazi ezinye zezinto eziphambili ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako:

• Ingxaki yokuthetha (Articulation Disorder) yimeko apho abantwana abancinci bengakwaziyo ukubiza izandi ezithile zentetho ngokuchanekileyo. Ayisosifo, kodwa yinto enokulungiswa ngoqeqesho nonyango .
• Ukuba umntwana wakho akakathethi ngokucacileyo xa eneminyaka eyi-4-5, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha . Okukhona uxilongwa kwangoko, kokukhona kulula ukunyanga ngempumelelo.
• Ingxaki yokuthetha amagama kunye neNgxaki yokuthetha amagama zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke yintoni kanye kanye ingxaki?Kubalulekile ukuxilongwa yiNgcali yezifo zoLwimi lokuThetha (SLP).
• Ukuqala unyango kwangethuba, oko kukuthi, unyango lokuthetha, kunokunceda kakhulu ekuncedeni umntwana wakho afunde ukuthetha ngokucacileyo. Kunokunciphisa nefuthe kumsebenzi wakhe wesikolo, ukudlala nabahlobo, kunye nokuzithemba.
• Nangona unobangela wale meko ungakafunyanwa, kukho unyango olusebenzayo kakhulu . Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki. Umntwana wakho angancedwa.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba awuwedwa. Oogqirha kunye neengcali zeengxaki zokuthetha nolwimi (ii-SLP) bakhona ukunceda wena nomntwana wakho. Ngoko ke thetha nabo ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo, uloyiko, okanye iinkxalabo onokuba nazo. Uncumo oluhle lomntwana wakho kunye nentetho ecacileyo zibaluleke ngokufanayo nakuthi!

Iingxaki Zokuthetha, Ingxaki Yokuthetha, Intetho Yabantwana, Indlela Yokubiza Amagama, Unyango Lokuthetha, I-SLP, Impilo Yabantwana