Ubuzazi ezi zinto ngamathe? Masithethe!

Ngaba wakha wacinga nzulu ngamathe emlonyeni wakho? Mhlawumbi akunjalo, akunjalo? Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba la mathe lulwelo olumangalisayo oludlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Xa sithetha, xa sisitya, xa sonwabile, konke oku akwahlukani nento ebizwa ngokuba ngamathe. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngala mathe, oko kukuthi `(amathe)`, ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe .

Yintoni amathe? Ngamafutshane...

Isaliva lulwelo olumanzi olukhutshwa zii-salivary glands (ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-salivary glands) emlonyeni wakho. Sidla ngokuyibiza ngokuba yi-"saliva" okanye "itshokhwe." Nangona ikakhulu ngamanzi, ikwanazo nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo emizimbeni yethu, ezinje ngeeproteni kunye nee-enzymes.

Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha bayavavanya amathe akho ukuze bafumane impilo yakho. Umzekelo, banokujonga amanqanaba akho e-cortisol, nokuba ukhe wasebenzisa amayeza athile (kwiimviwo zamayeza), kunye nokuba uneentsholongwane ezifana ne-HIV okanye ezinye izifo. Ayimangalisi loo nto?

Zithini iingenelo zamathe emzimbeni wethu?

Amathe ayisiyiyo nje into elulwelo. Anceda kakhulu kungekuphela nje kwimpilo yomlomo wethu, kodwa nakwimpilo yethu iyonke. Jonga ezi zibonelelo.

Inceda ukugcina umlomo nomqala umanzi kwaye ukhululekile

Amathe anceda ukugcina ii-membranes ezithambileyo (i-mucosae) emlonyeni wakho zimanzi kwaye zinganamatheli. Kwakhona zenza umaleko okhuselayo emlonyeni wakho, owukhusela kwizinto ezinobungozi ezifana neebhaktheriya , iityhefu kunye nokwenzakala.

Kwenza ukutya nokuginya kube lula

Cinga ngendlela ebekuya kuba nzima ngayo ukuginya ukutya okutyayo ukuba komile. Amathe ayawufumisa ukutya, akwenze kube yibhola encinci (`(bolus)`), aze enze kube lula ukudlulisa emqaleni, oko kukuthi, ecaleni kwe-esophagus (`(esophagus)`) aze aye esiswini (`(esiswini)`). Ngaphandle kwamathe, ukuginya ukutya bekuya kuba ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu.

Inkqubo yokugaya ukutya iqala.

Ubusazi na ukuba ukugaya kuqala emlonyeni? Kukho i-enzyme ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-amylase ematheni. Yile nto eqala ukugaya ukutya okunesitatshi (umz. irayisi, isonka) esikutyayo. Oku kunceda isisu.

Ikhusela kwiintsholongwane

Isaliva inenye i-enzyme ebalulekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-lysozyme . Le nto itshabalalisa iintlobo ezininzi zeebhaktheriya kwaye iyeke ukusasazeka okungafunekiyo kweentsholongwane emlonyeni. Ngamanye amazwi, isebenza njengomkhuseli wendalo womlomo wethu.

Ikhusela amazinyo

I-saliva ikwanceda kakhulu amazinyo ethu. I-calcium hydroxyapatite ematheniLe khompawundi ithintela ukulahleka kwe-calcium emazinyweni (`(demineralization)`). Amathe akwanceda ekuhlambeni amasuntswana okutya aseleyo emva kokutya. Kwakhona, amathe anceda ekunciphiseni umonakalo emazinyweni ngenxa yokutya okune-asidi esikutyayo. Konke oku kunciphisa umngcipheko wemingxuma (`(cavities)`) kunye nesifo seentsini (`(isifo seentsini)`).

Igcina i-pH yomlomo ilungelelene

Amathe anceda ukugcina i-pH (umlinganiselo we-acidity/alkalinity) emlonyeni wethu phakathi kwe-6.0 kunye ne-7.5. Xa sitya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya, amaxabiso e-pH kwezo zinto zokutya ayahluka. Amathe anceda ukubuyisela i-pH yomlomo kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo emva kokuba ukutya kuginyiwe.

Inceda ukuphilisa izilonda zomlomo

Ukuba ufumana inxeba ngaphakathi esidleleni sakho okanye inxeba elincinci emlonyeni wakho, amathe anokunceda ukuba aphole ngokukhawuleza. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezinye zeeproteni kunye nezinto ezikhula kumathe zinceda ukuvuselela izicubu kwaye zikhawulezise ukuphiliswa kwamanxeba.

Inceda ukungcamla ukutya

Ukuze ukunambitha ukutya okomileyo ngokufanelekileyo, kufuneka kube manzi. Kulapho kuphela apho amaqhuqhuva okunambitha kwiilwimi zethu anokukwazi ukuva incasa. Olu manzi lufumaneka ngamathe.

Akumangalisi na ukuba amathe anokwenza lukhulu kangakanani emizimbeni yethu? Kusenokubonakala ngathi yinto encinci, kodwa khangela ukuba ikwenza kangakanani!

La mathe enziwa njani? Avela phi?

Amathe enziwa, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, ngamathe asemlonyeni wakho. La mathe enza amathe aze awakhuphele emlonyeni wakho ngemijelo emincinci (iipayipi).

Sineepere ezintathu zeentlobo ezinkulu ze-salivary glands:

• Ii-Parotid glands: Ezi ziphambi kweendlebe zakho, kufutshane nezidlele zakho. Ezi zezona glands zinkulu zamathe . Amathe avela kwezi glands aphuma emlonyeni wakho kufutshane ne-molars yakho ephezulu.
• Iindlala ezingaphantsi komqolo: Ezi zikwimihlathi yakho engezantsi. Amathe avela kwezi ndlala aphuma emlonyeni wakho phantsi kolwimi lwakho.
• Ii-sublingual glands: Ezi zifumaneka phantsi kolwimi lwakho, ezantsi komlomo wakho. Amathe avela kwezi glands aphuma emlonyeni wakho phantsi kolwimi lwakho.

Ezi glands zinkulu zintathu zivelisa i-90% yamathe ethu apheleleyo. I-10% eseleyo ivela kumakhulu ezinye glands ezincinci ezingaphakathi emlonyeni. Ngokomyinge, umntu omdala uvelisa phakathi kwe-0.5 kunye ne-1.5 yeelitha zamathe (oko kukuthi phakathi kweekomityi ezi-2 kunye nezi-6) ngosuku.

Ukuveliswa kwamathe kulawulwa njani?

Ukuveliswa kwamathe kulawulwa kakhulu yi -Autonomic Nervous System (ANS).Le yinkqubo elawula imisebenzi yomzimba wethu enganyanzelekanga (njengokuphefumla kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo) esingacingi ngayo. Le nkqubo isebenza xa silele naxa sivukile.

Iinxalenye ezimbini zenkqubo ye-autonomic nervous system zichaphazela ukuveliswa kwamathe:

• Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo enovelwano: Le nkqubo isebenza ngamaxesha kaxakeka, ingakumbi xa siziva sixinezelekile okanye sisoyika. Siyibiza ngokuba yimpendulo "yokulwa okanye ukubaleka". Xa le nkqubo ivuselelwa, ivelisa amathe aqinileyo nanamathelayo. Uyakhumbula xa uziva umlomo wakho womile xa usoyika okanye uxhalabile? Yiyo loo nto.
• Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ye-Parasympathetic: Oku kwenza okwahlukileyo kwenkqubo yangaphambili. Inoxanduva lweenkqubo zomzimba "zokuphumla nokugaya". Xa le nkqubo ikhuthazwa, ivelisa amathe amaninzi anamanzi namanzi. Olu hlobo lwamathe lolona lwenza kube lula ukutya nokuginya ukutya.

Ngokubanzi, ukukhuthazwa kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ye-parasympathetic kunefuthe elikhulu nelihlala ixesha elide ekuvelisweni kwamathe.

Ngaba ezinye izinto ziyayichaphazela imveliso yamathe?

Ewe, ezinye izinto zemihla ngemihla kunye nokutya nazo zichaphazela ubungakanani bamathe akhutshwayo.

• Xa utya ukutya okumuncu , amathe akho avelisa amathe amaninzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukutya okumuncu kune-asidi eninzi. Ngoko ke, amathe angaphezulu ayayinciphisa i-asidi, enciphisa umonakalo onokuyenza emazinyweni akho nakwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya.
• Xa ucinga ngokutya, ingakumbi ukutya okuthandayo, umlomo wakho uqala ukuqunjelwa, akunjalo? Oko kunxulumene noku.
• Iigland zesalivary zisebenza kakhulu emini. Ebusuku, ukuvuza kwamathe kuncipha kakhulu. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba le yinkqubo enxulumene nesigqi semihla ngemihla somzimba wethu (`(isigqi se-circadian)`).

Yintoni equlethwe ngamathe?

Amathe angama-99% ngamanzi, kwaye i-1% eseleyo ziiproteni, ii-electrolytes , kunye nezinye izinto.

Abaphandi bafumanise iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-1,000 zeeproteni kumathe. Nangona kunjalo, zimalunga ne-10% kuphela zazo ezikhoyo kwininzi. Ezi proteni ziimolekyuli ezinkulu nezintsonkothileyo ezenza imisebenzi emininzi ngaphakathi kweeseli. Nazi ezinye zeentlobo eziphambili zeeproteni ezifumaneka kumathe:

• I-Amylase: Le yi-enzyme ebesithethe ngayo ngaphambili enceda ekugayeni iicarbohydrate. Iveliswa ikakhulu yipancreas kunye neendlala zamathe.
• Iipeptides ezityebileyo kwiproline (iiPRP): Ezi zintsapho enkulu yeeproteni zamathe eziveliswa zii-parotid kunye nee-submandibular glands. Zenza malunga ne-70% yeeproteni ezipheleleyo kumathe. Umzekelo, iiPRPs ezine-asidi zenza ifilimu ekhuselayo (i-pellicle) kumphezulu wamazinyo.
• Iipeptides zokuzikhusela kombumbi: Ezi ziyinxalenye yenkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela. Zibalulekile ekulweni nosulelo kunye nokudumba.
• IiMucins: Ezi proteni zinkulu zigcina izinto ezingaphakathi emlonyeni, njengolwimi neentsini, zityibilika (zithambisa). Zisebenza njengomqobo wokukhusela kwiibhaktheriya eziyingozi, iifungi kunye neentsholongwane.
• I-Secretory IgA: Le yi-antibody. Ibopha kwaye ilawule iintsholongwane eziyingozi (iintsholongwane) kunye neentsholongwane ezingenabungozi (iintsholongwane ezihlala zikho) emlonyeni. Yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela.

Ukongeza koku, amathe akwanazo nezinye izinto eziphilayo:

• Iswekile (iswekile)
• I-Urea (inkunkuma)
• I-Cortisol ("i-hormone yoxinzelelo")
• Iihomoni zesondo (umz. i-estrogen, i-testosterone)
• Izinto ezithile ezihambelana nohlobo lwakho lwegazi.

Ziziphi iingxaki zempilo eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene namathe?

Ezinye iimeko zonyango kunye nonyango lwezonyango (umz., amayeza athile, unyango lwemitha) zinokuchaphazela ubungakanani kunye nomgangatho wamathe akho.

Iingxaki ezimbini eziphambili zamathe yi-hyposalivation kunye ne-hypersalivation. Kuzo, i-hyposalivation yeyona ixhaphakileyo. Zombini ezi meko zinokuba zezexeshana okanye ezingapheliyo.

Ukuncipha kokuqunjelwa (hyposalivation)

Oku kuthetha ukuba amathe akho awavelisi amathe aneleyo. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-xerostomia , oko kuthetha umlomo owomileyo .

Kwenzeka ntoni xa amathe ehla?

Xa ukuveliswa kwamathe kuncipha, iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zinokwenzeka:

• Umoya ombi (halitosis)
• Ukungonwabi komlomo nomqala
• Iingxaki zempilo yomlomo: imingxunya, ukubola kwamazinyo, nezinye izifo zomlomo
• Ukungonwabi kwabo banxiba amazinyo okufakelwa
• Ubunzima bokuthetha nokuginya

Zithini izizathu zokuncipha kwamathe?

Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni yimbangela enkulu. Ukongeza:

• Ezinye iimeko zokuzikhusela komzimba: Umzekelo, i-Sjögren's syndrome, i-lupus, i-rheumatoid arthritis.
• Usulelo lwentsholongwane: `(HIV)`, ihepatitis C`(hepatitis C)`.
• Isifo seswekile: Oku kubangela ukuba amanqanaba eswekile egazini aqhubeke enyuka, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuphelelweni ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Isifo sika-Alzheimer.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu).

Ukongeza, umlomo owomileyo unokuba yimpembelelo ecaleni yamayeza angaphezu kwama-500 . Amanye amayeza aqhelekileyo abangela umlomo owomileyo aquka:

• Amayeza okulwa noxinzelelo kunye neziyobisi zokudakumba.
• I-Anticholinergics: Ezi zinikwa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kuquka ukungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo, ukusebenza kakhulu kwesinyi, kunye ne-COPD.
• Ii-antihistamines, ii-decongestants, kunye nezinye iintlungu.
• Amanye amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, afana ne-beta-blockers.
• Amayeza e-chemotherapy omhlaza.
• Amayeza esifo sikaParkinson.

Unyango ngemitha yomhlaza wentloko nentamo nalo luyimbangela enkulu yokuncipha kwamathe.

Ukwanda kwamathe (ukwanda kwamathe)

Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-sialorrhea . Oku kuxa amathe ekhupha amathe amaninzi. Oku kunokubangela ukuvuza amathe. Nangona kunjalo, ukuvuza amathe kakhulu akusiyo yodwa imbangela yokuvuza amathe. Oku kunokwenzeka nokuba izihlunu ezithile emlonyeni okanye emqaleni zibuthathaka. Oku kukwayisizathu sokuba abantwana bavuza amathe.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa kukho amathe amaninzi kakhulu?

Ukuba ukuvuza kwamanzi kukhulu okanye kuthatha ixesha elide, kunokubangela iingxaki zempilo. Umzekelo, kunokubangela imeko yesikhumba ebizwa ngokuba yi-angular cheilitis, ebangela izilonda ezibuhlungu neziqhekekileyo ezimbombeni zomlomo. Kwezinye iimeko ezigqithisileyo, amathe amaninzi angangena kwimibhobho yomoya (i-aspiration), nto leyo ebangela ukufuthaniseka okanye i-aspiration pneumonia .

Zithini izizathu zokwanda kwamathe?

Amanye amayeza, ingakumbi amayeza okulwa nesifo sengqondo, anokubangela ukuvuza kakhulu kwamathe njengesiphumo esingesihle. Umzekelo sisiyobisi iClozapine.

Ukongeza, ezi meko zinokubangela ukwanda kwamathe:

• Imingxunya enganyangwanga: Imingxunya inokubangela ukuba iintsholongwane zikhule emlonyeni, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba amathe avelise amathe amaninzi ukuze kuzanywe ukucoca umlomo.
• Isifo se-Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Oku kwenzeka xa i-asidi yesisu ibuyela kwi-esophagus. Amathe emva koko avelisa amathe amaninzi ukuthintela i-asidi ukuba ingabuyeli emlonyeni.
• Isicaphucaphu: Xa uziva ufuna ukuhlanza, amathe akho avelisa amathe amaninzi ukuzama ukuthintela i-asidi yesisu ehambisana nokuhlanza ukuba ingonakalisi ingaphakathi lomlomo wakho.
• Ukukhulelwa: Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukuveliswa kwamathe kunokwanda okwethutyana. Amathe avuselela ngakumbi ngeli xesha. Kwakhona, isicaphucaphu ngexesha lokukhulelwa sinokubangela ukwanda kokuveliswa kwamathe.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha xa unengxaki yamathe?

Ukuba umlomo wakho womile okanye uphuma amathe amaninzi, kwaye uqhubeka, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Angakuhlola, enze olunye uvavanyo ukuba kuyimfuneko, aze afumanise unobangela oyintloko. Banokucebisa unyango olufanelekileyo.

Kutheni amathe am evakala etyebile?

Amathe aba makhulu kwaye anamathele, ngesiqhelo xa umthamo wawo wamanzi uncipha. Ngamanye amaxesha, olu luvo "luqinileyo" kwaye "lunamathela" lunokuvakala xa amathe exutywe ne-mucus.

Kunokubakho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku. Izinto ezifana nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukutshaya, kunye ne-allergies ezingapheliyo. Eyona nto iphambili ekufuneka yenziwe ukunciphisa ubukhulu bamathe akho kukusela amanzi amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba une-saliva engqindilili engapheliyo, licebo elihle ukuthetha nogqirha. Kusenokuba kukho esinye isizathu esibangela oku.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Amathe yinto esingacingi kakhulu ngayo, ngaphandle kokuba siwafumana kakhulu okanye siwafumana kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, lulwelo oluxakekileyo olubalulekileyo kwimpilo yethu. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iingxaki malunga nempilo yakho yamathe okanye yomlomo, ungabi nantloni okanye woyike ukuthetha nogqirha wakho. Unokukunceda.

Umlomo ophilileyo sisiqalo esihle somzimba ophilileyo! Ngoko ke ungalibali ixabiso lamathe.

Amathe , amathe, impilo yomlomo, umlomo owomileyo, ukwanda kwamathe, ukugaya ukutya