Usana olutsha luyolo olukhulu ukuba nalo kusapho. Nangona kunjalo, njengomama okanye utata, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva usoyika kwaye ukhathazekile kancinci. Nokuba umntwana wakho unomkhuhlane, siyakhathazeka. Namhlanje siza kuthetha nge-sepsis, imeko eyingozi enokwenzeka kwiintsana ezisandul' ukuzalwa, eyingozi ngakumbi kunesifo esilula. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku, kuba ukuthatha inyathelo elikhawulezileyo kunokusindisa umntwana ngokupheleleyo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-sepsis?
I-Sepsis yimeko embi kakhulu enokwenzeka kusana olusandul’ ukuzalwa (olungaphantsi kweentsuku ezingama-28 ubudala). Oku kwenzeka xa amajoni omzimba omntwana eqala ukusabela ngokugqithisileyo xa usulelo lungena emzimbeni womntwana. Khawuthelekelele, okwenzekayo apha kufana nomkhosi okhusela ilizwe lethu, oya kulwa notshaba aze enzekalise ilizwe lethu ngengozi.
Olu tshintsho lugqithisileyo lunokubangela ukudumba emzimbeni womntwana wonke . Lunokubangela nokuqhekeka kwegazi, kunciphisa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya emilenzeni nakwizitho eziphambili ezifana nengqondo, intliziyo, nezintso. Oku kunokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezitho zomzimba kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nokufa. Yiyo loo nto kuyingozi kangaka.
Oogqirha bahlula le meko ibe ngamacandelo amabini, kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka umntwana aqala ngayo ukubonisa iimpawu.
- I-sepsis yosana olusandula ukuzalwa: Le meko yenzeka kwiiyure zokuqala ezingama-72 (iintsuku ezi-3) zokuzalwa.
- I-sepsis yosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa: Le meko yenzeka emva kweentsuku ezi-3 zokuzalwa.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu?
Le meko inokukhula nakuwuphi na umntwana, kodwa abanye abantwana basengozini enkulu.
Iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa zisengozini enkulu yokuba ne-sepsis. Oku kungenxa yokuba amajoni azo omzimba awakakhuli ngokupheleleyo. Zizalwa ngaphambi kokuba zifumane ii-antibodies ezizikhusela kwizifo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba azikwazi ukulwa nezifo.
Ukongeza, ezi zingane zilandelayo nazo zisengozini enkulu:
- Iintsana ezizalwa zinobunzima obuphantsi.
- Iintsana ezine-Apgar scores ephantsi zivavanywa xa zizalwa.
- Abantwana abangamakhwenkwe.
- Ukuba umama wayenosulelo ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Ngaba umntwana wakho unazo ezi mpawu? Lumka!
Iimpawu ezininzi ezibonakala kwi-sepsis zinokubonakala nakumntwana onezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo. Ngoko ke ungoyiki ukuba unenye okanye ezimbini kwezi mpawu. Nangona kunjalo,Ukuba uneempawu ezininzi ngaxeshanye, okanye ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki enzima kunesiqhelo, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ufune ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
| Udidi lweempawu | Yintoni ekufuneka uyiqwalasele |
|---|---|
| Ubushushu bomzimba kunye nesantya sentliziyo | Umkhuhlane ophezulu okanye ubushushu bomzimba obuphantsi (ukubanda), ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo okanye okucothayo. |
| Ukuphefumla | Ukwanda kwesantya sokuphefumla okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla. |
| Ukutya kunye nesisu | Ukugabha, ukudumba, ukuncipha okanye ukwala ukusela ubisi, kunye nokudumba (ukudumba). |
| Ulusu kunye nenkangeleko | Izandla neenyawo ezibandayo, ulusu oluthambileyo nolukhanyayo, amehlo nolusu olutyheli (i-jaundice). |
| Ukuziphatha | Ukuziva ulele kakhulu kunesiqhelo, ungasebenzi kakuhle, udiniwe, unesithukuthezi (ukuxhuzula). |
Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?
I-Sepsis kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa idla ngokubangelwa zizifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane . Ngokukodwa, iintsholongwane ezifana ne-`(E. coli)`, `(Listeria)` kunye ne-`(Group B streptococcus - GBS)` zezona zizathu ziphambili. Ngamanye amaxesha le meko inokubangelwa ziintsholongwane, iifungi kunye neeparasite. Umzekelo, intsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Herpes Simplex Virus - HSV)` inokubangela izifo ezinzulu kwiintsana.
I-sepsis yokuqala kwangethuba
Kolu hlobo, umntwana ufumana usulelo kumama. Oku kungenzeka ngelixa umntwana esesesibelekweni okanye ngexesha lokuzalwa. Umngcipheko uyanda ngenxa yezinto ezifana nezi:
- Iibhaktheriya ezifana ne-``Group B streptococcus - GBS`` zikho kwilungu lobufazi likamama ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Umntwana uzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha.
- Amanzi ayaqhekeka emva kweeyure ezingaphezu kwe-18 ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe.
- Usulelo lwe-placenta kunye nolwelo lwe-amniotic. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-`(chorioamnionitis)`.
I-sepsis eqala emva kwexesha
Kolu hlobo, umntwana uyosulelwa emva kokuzalwa, ngenxa yendawo akuyo. Lo mngcipheko uphezulu kakhulu kwiintsana ezichitha ixesha elide esibhedlele.
- Iintsholongwane zinokungena ngee-catheters, ii-IVs, okanye ezinye izixhobo zonyango.
- Ubunzima obuphantsi bokuzalwa.
- Ukuba ufake umbhobho wokuphefumla.
- Ukuchitha ixesha elide esibhedlele ngenxa yesinye isifo.
Oogqirha bayifumana njani le nto?
Xa usisa umntwana wakho kugqirha, uza kuhlola ngononophelo iimpawu zomntwana wakho aze akubuze ngazo. Emva koko, kunokwenziwa uthotho lweemvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba yi-sepsis na. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-"sepsis work-up."
| Uhlobo lovavanyo | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Uvavanyo lwegazi | Uvavanyo olufana nokubalwa kwegazi elipheleleyo, iinkcubeko zegazi, kunye neproteni ye-C-reactive, ebonisa ukuba kukho usulelo. |
| Uvavanyo lomchamo | Uhlalutyo lomchamo kunye nenkcubeko yomchamo zisetyenziselwa ukujonga usulelo lomchamo. |
| Ukubhoboza emqolo | Musa ukoyika xa usiva oku. Inaliti encinci isetyenziselwa ukuthabatha ulwelo oluncinci lomqolo kumqolo womntwana ukuze kuhlolwe ukuba akanayo na i-meningitis. |
| Ezinye iimvavanyo | I-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-ultrasound scan. |
Ingaba oku kunganyangeka? Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Ewe, i-sepsis inokunyangeka! Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala unyango ngoko nangoko. Kuthiwa umngcipheko unyuka malunga ne-7.6% kwiyure nganye unyango olulibaziseka ngayo. Ngoko ke isantya yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.
Amaxesha amaninzi, umntwana uza kungeniswa kwigumbi lokunyamekela abagula kakhulu (ICU) lesibhedlele kwaye unyango luza kuqala.
- Ukunika ulwelo ngemithambo yegazi (IV).
- Ukunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngemithambo yegazi xa kukho izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane kunye namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane xa kukho izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane.
- Amayeza okulawula isantya sentliziyo kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Ukuba kuyimfuneko, nika ioksijini eyongezelelweyo.
Kwezinye iimeko, umntwana usenokufuna utofelo-gazi.
Ngaba iingxaki zinokwenzeka emva kokuchacha ngokupheleleyo?
Uninzi lweentsana eziphila ngokupheleleyo kwi-sepsis azinazo iingxaki ezihlala ixesha elide, kodwa ezinye iintsana zinokuba neengxaki zempilo ezihlala ixesha elide.
Ngamanye amaxesha olu sulelo lunokusasazeka luye kwiinwebu ezijikeleze ingqondo, nto leyo ebangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-meningitis . Ukuba oku kuyenzeka,
- Ukuphazamiseka kokuva
- Ukulibaziseka kophuhliso
- Umvakalelo yokitazo
- Iingxaki zexesha elide ezifana nokuxhuzula zinokubakho.
Ngaba zikho izinto esinokuzenza ukuthintela oku?
Ewe, singakunceda ukuthintela oku ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile.
- Ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Ukuba ugqirha wakho ufumanisa ukuba une-vaginal infection (GBS), uza kunikwa i-IV antibiotics kwiiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba umntwana wakho azalwe. Olu nyango lukwanikwa ukuba unomntwana oye waba ne-sepsis ngaphambili okanye ukuba kukho usulelo kwi-placenta.
- Ngokubanzi: Ukugcina ucoceko oluhle, ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo, nokucoca izandla ngaphambi kokuba umchukumise umntwana kunokunceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko weentsholongwane ezivela kwindawo engaphandle. Kubalulekile nokugoma umntwana wakho ngexesha.
Umntwana ufanele asiwe nini kwi-ETU ngokukhawuleza?
Ukuba ubona uphawu olunye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zilandelayo emva kokuba ubuyile ekhaya uvela esibhedlele nomntwana wakho, mthathe umntwana wakho umse kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.
- Ukuba umntwana unengxaki engaqhelekanga okanye ulele kakhulu .
- YomntwanaUkuba ulusu lubanda, luphaphathekile, okanye lutshintshile umbala.
- Ukuba inapukeni yomile kangangeeyure ezingaphezu kwe-12 kwaye akukho mchamo .
- Ukuba umntwana akaphenduli okanye unengxaki yokuphefumla .
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Sepsis kwiintsana ezisandul' ukuzalwa yingxaki yezonyango . Musa ukuyithatha lula.
- Nika ingqalelo kwiimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane okanye ukubanda, ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuncipha kokusela ubisi, kunye nokulala kakhulu.
- Iintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha kunye neentsana ezizelwe zinobunzima obuphantsi zisengozini enkulu.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo amancinci engqondweni yakho, ungalindi uye kubona ugqirha. Okukhona uqala unyango ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba okusindisa umntwana aba maninzi.
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