Ngaba ukhathazekile ngesingqisho sentliziyo yakho? Masifunde ngeShort QT Syndrome (SQTS)!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva unesiyezi okanye unesizungu? Okanye ngaba kukho umntu omaziyo oye wahlaselwa yintliziyo ngequbuliso? Ngamanye amaxesha unobangela wezi zinto unokuba yimeko engaqhelekanga yemfuza esingayivayo kangako. Enye yezi meko yiShort QT Syndrome, okanye njengoko oogqirha beyibiza, iShort QT Syndrome (SQTS) . Nangona igama lisenokuvakala linzima kancinci, masithethe ngalo ngokulula.

Ithini i-QT interval? Imiqondiso yombane yentliziyo!

Kulungile, masiqale sijonge ukuba yintoni le QT interval. Ubusazi ukuba intliziyo yethu ibetha sisebenzisa inkqubo yemiqondiso yombane? Kufana nenkqubo yocingo endlwini yokukhanyisa izibane. Kungenxa yezi miqondiso zombane apho amagumbi entliziyo ancipha aze ande ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo, nto leyo empompa igazi.

Mhlawumbi ukhe wambona ugqirha esenza uvavanyo lwe -ECG (Electrocardiogram) xa ehlola intliziyo yakho. Benza olu vavanyo ngokukulalisa ebhedini aze ancamathisele izitikha ezincinci esifubeni nasezingalweni zakho. Yiyo loo nto irekhoda umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo. Xa ugqirha ejonga olu rekhodi, ubona ipateni ethile yamaza ebizwa ngokuba yi-P, Q, R, S, T. Oonobumba ngabunye bakuxelela indlela asebenza ngayo amacandelo ahlukeneyo entliziyo.

Kalula nje:

• I-P wave: Isignali yombane ebangela ukuba amagumbi aphezulu entliziyo, i-atria, anciphe.
• I-QRS complex: Isignali yombane ebangela ukuba amagumbi asezantsi entliziyo, abizwa ngokuba zii-ventricles, anciphe. Yiyo le nto ngokuyintloko epompa igazi emzimbeni.
• I-T wave: Iiventricles zigqibile ukufinyela, ziphumle kwakhona, kwaye zilungiselela isigqi esilandelayo. Kufana nokubaleka uze uphumle kancinci.

Nantsi into ebalulekileyo. Ixesha le-QT lixesha eliqala ekuqaleni kwe-QRS complex ukuya ekupheleni kwe-T wave. Le yindlela oogqirha abalinganisa ngayo ixesha elithathayo ukuba amagumbi asezantsi entliziyo yakho (ii-'ventricles') alungiselele ukubetha okulandelayo emva kokubetha kanye. Ngokwesiqhelo, ixesha le-QT entliziyweni ephilileyo liphakathi kwemizuzwana eyi-0.35 kunye ne-0.45. Nangona kunjalo, kumntu one- SQTS , eli xesha lingaphantsi kwemizuzwana eyi-0.34. Oku kuthetha ukuba intliziyo iqala ukubetha kwakhona ngaphambi kokuba iphumle.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Short QT Syndrome (SQTS) kunye ne-Long QT Syndrome?

Oku kungabaluleka nakuwe. Kunye ne-SQTS, kukho enye imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi- Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) . Kufana nje nelinye icala lemali, akunjalo?

• I-Short QT Syndrome (SQTS): Ixesha le-QT lifutshane ngokungaqhelekanga (lidla ngokuba ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana eyi-0.34).
• I-Long QT Syndrome (LQTS): Ixesha le-QT lihlala lide ngokungaqhelekanga (lihlala lingaphezulu kwemizuzwana eyi-0.45).

Zombini ezi meko zinokubangela iingxaki ezichaphazela isigqi sentliziyo. Nangona kunjalo, izizathu kunye nonyango zinokwahluka. Namhlanje siza kuthetha kuphela nge-SQTS.

Ngubani onokuphuhlisa i-SQTS?

Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga ngokwenene. Akwaziwa nokuba bangaphi abantu emhlabeni abanaso, kodwa sinqabile. Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba iimpawu ze-SQTS zinokuvela kwabanye abantu kunyaka wokuqala wobomi. Emva koko, kuthiwa iimpawu zinokuvela kwakhona kubantu abadala abancinci kwanasebudaleni. Oku kuthetha ukuba sinokuchaphazela abantu bayo nayiphi na iminyaka.

Zithini izizathu ze-SQTS?

I-SQTS sisifo semfuza . Njengokuba umbala wamehlo akho kunye nokumila kweenwele zakho kuxhomekeka kwimfuza yakho, esi sifo sinokubangelwa kukuguquka kwemfuza.

Kukho iindlela ezimbini ezinokwenzeka ngayo oku:

1. Ilifa elivela kubazali: Ukuba umama okanye utata wakho unalo olu tshintsho lwemfuza, nawe ungalizuza njengelifa.

2. Utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo ngaphandle kwesizathu: Ngamanye amaxesha, olu tshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo lunokwenzeka emzimbeni wakho ngaphandle kwesizathu, nokuba akukho mntu kusapho lwakho onalo.

Olu tshintsho lwemfuza lutshintsha ukusebenza kwezinto ezibizwa ngokuba zii-ion channels kwiiseli zentliziyo. Ezi ion channels zinceda imiqondiso yombane yentliziyo ukuba ihambe ngokufanelekileyo. Xa kukho ingxaki ngazo, ixesha le-QT liyafinyezwa.

Zithini iimpawu ze-SQTS?

Ayingabo bonke abantu abane-SQTS abaneempawu ezifanayo. Abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo kwaphela iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantu luba nazo ezinye iimpawu.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ezi mpawu zinokufana nezezinye izifo zentliziyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufumana into efana nale, kungcono ukuba ubonane nogqirha uze uhlolwe.

Iimpawu eziphambili ezinokubonwa zezi:

• I-Atrial Fibrillation (AFib): Olu lolona phawu luqhelekileyo. Kuthiwa luchaphazela abantu abamalunga ne-4 kwaba-5 abane-SQTS. I-AFib kuxa amagumbi aphezulu entliziyo (i-atria) engabetheki kakuhle, kodwa endaweni yoko "ayashukuma." Oku kubangela ukuba intliziyo ibethe ngendlela engaqhelekanga.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo: Malunga nomntu omnye kwabathathu unokubona olu phawu. Kusenokuvakala ngathi kukho umntu obetha esifubeni sakhe, okanye kunokuvakala ngathi uziva ukubetheka esifubeni sakhe.
• Ukudinwa kunye nokuquleka okanye ukuphelelwa ngamandla: Oku kunokuchaphazela umntu omnye kwaba-4. Kunokubangela ukuziva unesizungu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ulahlekelwe zingqondo.

Ngelishwa, abanye abantu (malunga naba-2 kwaba-5) baqala ngokufunda ukuba bane-SQTS emva kokuba befumene ukuminxeka kwentliziyo okanye ukufa ngequbuliso kwentliziyo. Oku kubangelwa kukubetha kwentliziyo okungahambelaniyo (i-arrhythmia) okuyingozi kwigumbi elisezantsi lentliziyo, njenge -ventricular fibrillation okanye i-ventricular tachycardia, ebangela ukuba intliziyo iyeke ukubetha ngequbuliso. Le yimeko embi kakhulu.

Khawuthelekelele, kukho umfana oneminyaka engama-25 ubudala ogama lingu-Asanka. Wayengumdlali wezemidlalo olungileyo kwaye esempilweni. Ngenye imini, ngelixa wayedlala ikhilikithi nabahlobo bakhe, wawa phantsi ngequbuliso ebambe isifuba sakhe. Waphuthunyiswa esibhedlele, kodwa akazange akwazi ukusindiswa. Uvavanyo lwamva lwabonisa ukuba u-Asanka une-SQTS. Kubuhlungu ukuva izinto ezinjalo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuzazi ezi zinto.

I-SQTS ifunyaniswa njani?

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-SQTS, ugqirha uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho kunye nokuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo sentliziyo na. Emva koko banokwenza olu vavanyo lulandelayo:

• I-ECG (i-Electrocardiogram): Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo. Lulinganisa ixesha le-QT. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukuba ixesha le-QT lingaphantsi kwemizuzwana eyi-0.34 kwaye kukho ezinye iimpawu, kurhanelwa ukuba i-SQTS. Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba ixesha le-QT liphakathi kwemizuzwana eyi-0.34 kunye ne-0.36, i-SQTS inokuqwalaselwa ukuba kukho ezinye iimpawu (umz., imbali yosapho lwe-SQTS, ukuquleka okungachazwanga).
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza: Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho lwemfuza olubangela i-SQTS. Oku kunokunceda ukuqinisekisa isifo nokufumanisa ukuba amanye amalungu osapho asengozini.

Ngamanye amaxesha, usenokungabi nazimpawu uze ngempazamo ufumanise ukuba ixesha lakho le-QT lifinyeziwe xa une-ECG ngesinye isizathu.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-SQTS?

Nangona i-SQTS yimeko enzima, iyanyangeka. Inyangwa yingcali yentliziyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa olu nyango lulandelayo:

• I-ICD (ICD) efakelwayo: Olu lolona nyango luthembekileyo kubantu abadala abane-SQTS. I-ICD yimatshini encinci efakelwa ngotyando phantsi kwesikhumba sesifuba kwaye iqhagamshelwe entliziyweni. Lo matshini uhlala ujonga isigqi sentliziyo. Ukuba kukho ukubetha kwentliziyo okungahambelaniyo okuyingozi (i-arrhythmia), i-ICD ithumela ngokuzenzekelayo ukubetha kombane entliziyweni ukuze kubuyiselwe isigqi. Kufana nomlindi wobomi ongxamisekileyo.
• Amayeza: Kukho amayeza okulwa nokubetha kwentliziyo alawula isingqisho sentliziyo. Umzekelo, i-quinidine idla ngokusetyenziswa kwi-SQTS. Ugqirha wakho angakunika amayeza anjenge -flecainide (Tambocor™) , i-ibutilide (Corvert® ), i-propafenone , i-amiodarone , i- sotalol , okanye ii-beta-blockers (umz., i-metoprolol (Toprol XL®, Lopressor®) , i-carvedilol (Coreg®) ).

Kubalulekile: La mayeza afanele athathwe kuphela xa echazwe ngugqirha wakho, kwaye kanye njengoko ekuxelela. Ukusebenzisa amayeza ngokwakho kunokuba nemiphumo eyingozi.

Ngaba umngcipheko we-SQTS ungancitshiswa?

Ngenxa yokuba i-SQTS sisifo esibangelwa lufuzo, akukho ndlela yokusithintela ukuba singakhuli. Asinto esinokuyilawula.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufunyaniswe une-SQTS, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wentliziyo rhoqo kwaye ulandele iingcebiso zakhe. Banokujonga impilo yentliziyo yakho kwaye bancede ekunciphiseni umngcipheko weengxaki ezinkulu, ingakumbi ukufa kwentliziyo ngequbuliso, okunokwenzeka ngenxa ye-SQTS.

Ungaphila ixesha elingakanani ne-SQTS?

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo. Ubude bexesha onokuphila ngalo ne-SQTS buyahluka kumntu nomntu. Kwabanye abantu, i-SQTS inokubangela ukufa kwentliziyo ngequbuliso. Uqikelelo luthi abantu abane-SQTS banomngcipheko we-40% wokufa kwentliziyo ngequbuliso xa beneminyaka engama-40. Lo mngcipheko uphezulu kwiintsana ezineminyaka eyi-0-1 kunye nabantu abadala abaselula abaneminyaka engama-20-40. Ukuba oku kwenzeka kumntwana ophakathi kweminyaka yosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa kunye nonyaka omnye, oogqirha banokubiza ngokuba yi -Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) .

Kodwa, ungoyiki oku. Into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba ayinguye wonke umntu onexesha elifutshane le-QT (ngaphantsi kwee-360 milliseconds) kwi-ECG one-SQTS, kwaye ayinguye wonke umntu osengozini yokufa ngesiquphe kwintliziyo. Abanye abantu abane-SQTS banokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokufumana naziphi na iimpawu. Ngenxa yokuba i-SQTS yimeko engaqhelekanga, abaphandi basaphanda indlela echaphazela ngayo ubomi babo bonke.

Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ulawule imeko yakho aze anciphise umngcipheko weengxaki ngokukubonelela ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo zonyango.

Yintoni enye ongathanda ukuyibuza ugqirha wakho?

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-SQTS, okanye ukuba ufunyaniswe unayo, kulungile ukubuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Zithini iimpawu ze-SQTS? Ngaba iimpawu zam ziyahambelana nale nto?
• Zeziphi iimvavanyo ekufuneka ndizenze ukuze ndifumanise i-SQTS?
• Zeziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo? Yeyiphi eyona ifanelekileyo kum?
• Zeziphi iinguqu endinokuzitshintsha kwindlela yam yokuphila ukuze ndigcine intliziyo yam isempilweni? (umz., ukuphepha amayeza athile, imisebenzi ethile)
• Ingaba kukho amathuba okuba abantwana bam bafumane i-SQTS? Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimvavanyo ekufuneka zifunyanwe?

Ukongeza kule mibuzo, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo nantoni na oyicingayo okanye ongathandabuziyo ngayo.

Nantsi isishwankathelo sento esiyithethileyo (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya):

Kulungile ke, masikhumbule into ebesithetha ngayo:

• I-Short QT Syndrome (SQTS) sisifo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu, esibangelwa lufuzo.
• Okwenzekayo koku kukuba isithuba se-QT, ixesha elithile kwimisebenzi yombane yentliziyo, siba sifutshane ngokungaqhelekanga. Ngamafutshane, kunciphisa ixesha elithathwa ngamagumbi asezantsi entliziyo ukulungiselela ukubetha okulandelayo emva kokubetha kanye.
• Oku kunokubangela iimpawu ezifana nesiyezi, ukuquleka, kunye nokuxinana kwesifuba.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, kusenokungabikho zimpawu konke konke.
• I-SQTS yimeko enzima enokubangela ukuminxeka kwentliziyo ngesiquphe kwanokufa.
• Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokufunyanwa nge-ECG kunye novavanyo lwemfuza.
• Oku kunokunyangeka ngezixhobo ze-ICD kunye namayeza.
• Ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga noku, okanye ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo sentliziyo esilolu hlobo, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.

Khumbula, kubalulekile ukuzazi ezi zinto kwaye ufumane ingcebiso kagqirha ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Sikunqwenelela impilo entle!

Isifo se-QT esifutshane, i-SQTS, isifo sentliziyo, i-ECG, i-QT interval, isifo semfuza, ukumisa intliziyo ngesiquphe, i-ICD