Ngaba uziva ngathi amehlo akho kunye nomzimba wakho awuboni kakuhle? Masithethe ngeNeuromyelitis Optica (NMO)!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe ulubone ngequbuliso utshintsho embonweni wakho, okanye uzive ngathi ezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho azinangqondo okanye azinabomi? Mhlawumbi amehlo akho ayabuhlungu, okanye ufumana kunzima ukuhamba? Kusenokuba kukho isizathu esinye sezi zinto, kwaye namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esingaqhelekanga, kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu kuthi sonke ukuba siqaphele. Esi sisifo se-neuromyelitis optica, okanye sisibiza ngokuba yi-`(NMO)` ngamafutshane.

Yintoni iNeuromyelitis Optica?

Ngamafutshane, iNeuromyelitis Optica (NMO) yimeko ehlala ixesha elide nengapheliyo. Ichaphazela kakhulu umbono wakho kunye nokukwazi kwakho ukuhambisa umzimba wakho. Khawuthelekelele ukuba inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, iqala ngempazamo ukuhlasela iindawo ezithile zenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-autoimmune disorder. Ngoko ke, i-NMO sesinye sezifo ezinjalo.

Esi sifo siye sabizwa ngamagama ahlukeneyo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ekuqaleni sasibizwa ngokuba sisifo sikaDevic, emva kwengcali yezifo zengqondo yaseFransi uEugene Devic, owasichaza okokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2015, iqela leengcali zamazwe ngamazwe lasibiza ngokuba yiNeuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD). Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha abaninzi nabanye basasibiza ngokuba yi-NMO.

Ngaphambili, iingcali zazicinga ukuba i-NMO yayiluhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwe-multiple sclerosis (MS). Nangona kunjalo, ngoku kuyacaca ukuba yimeko eyahlukileyo, ezimeleyo kwi-MS .

Ngubani onokuba nethuba elikhulu lokufumana i-neuromyelitis optica (NMO)?

Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kubasetyhini. Xa sithetha nje, ama-80% ukuya kuma-90% ezigulana ngabafazi. Idla ngokuchaphazela abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 nama-40. Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba abantwana abancinci babe ne-NMO, oko kuthetha ukuba linani elincinci kuphela, malunga ne-5% yazo zonke izigulana.

Nangona abantu balo naluphi na uhlanga okanye uhlanga banokuba ne-NMO, ayichaphazeli wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo. Abantu bomnombo waseAfrika, ingakumbi abo bomnombo wase-Afrika-Caribbean, basengozini enkulu. Ingachaphazela nabantu bomnombo wase-Asia.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-`(NMO)`?

Enyanisweni, i-NMO sisifo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu. Sidla ngokuchaphazela abantu abaphakathi kwe-0.3 ne-4.4 kubantu abayi-100,000. Oko kuthetha ukuba kunokubakho phakathi kwezigulane ezingama-24,000 ne-350,600 kwihlabathi liphela.

Le `(NMO)` iyichaphazela njani umzimba wam?

Ukuze uqonde indlela i-NMO ekuchaphazela ngayo, kuyanceda ukuba nokuqonda okuncinci ngenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. Inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo yenziwe ngengqondo kunye nomqolo. Enyanisweni, kwanemithambo-luvo esinceda sibone iyinxalenye yengqondo.

Xa sidibanisa ingqondo kunye nomqolo, siyibiza ngokuba yinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi. Emva koko, uthungelwano lwemithambo-luvo olusasazeka kuwo wonke umzimba lubizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ejikeleze umzimba.

Inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ithwala ulwazi oluya noluvela engqondweni. Oku kwenziwa ngemiqondiso yamakhemikhali kunye neyombane. Le miqondiso ihamba ngeeseli ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neurons.

Eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo ye-neuron nganye yi-axon. Oku kufana nengalo ye-neuron. Imiqondiso yombane ithwalwa kule axon. Ekupheleni kwe-axon kukho iindawo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-synapses. Kulapho imiqondiso yombane iba yimiqondiso yamakhemikhali. Ezi synapses kulapho i-neuron iqhagamshela khona kwaye inxibelelana nezinye ii-neurons.

Ejikeleze le axon kukho ishelufu ebhityileyo nekhuselayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-myelin. Le yenziwe ngamakhemikhali anamafutha. Ishelufu ye-myelin inceda imiqondiso yombane ukuba ihambe nge-axon kwaye ithintele umonakalo kwi-axon. (NMO) sisifo esisusa i-myelin esonakalisa ishelufu ye-myelin. Oku kufana nendlela ishelufu yeplastiki kwintambo yombane enokonakala ngayo ukuba uyayisusa. Xa ishelufu ye-myelin isusiwe, i-axon inokonakala ngokulula.

Umonakalo obangelwa yi-NMO uchaphazela kakhulu ii-neurons kwiindawo ezimbini ezithile:

1. Umthambo wokubona, odibanisa amehlo akho nengqondo yakho.

2. Umqolo wakho. Eli liziko eliphambili apho imiqondiso yemithambo-luvo iqokelelwa khona ngaphambi kokuba ifike engqondweni.

I-NMO inokuchaphazela amanqanaba amaninzi entambo yomqolo. Oku kunokuchaphazela yonke imithambo-luvo edibana ngaphantsi kwentambo yomqolo echaphazelekayo.

Zithini iimpawu ze-neuromyelitis optica (NMO)?

Iimpawu ze-NMO zenzeka ngohlobo "lokuhlaselwa." Oku kuthetha ukuba iimpawu zivela ngequbuliso, zihlale ixesha elifutshane, zize ziphele. Ezi ntlaselo zinokuhlala iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyanga. Ezi ntlaselo zihlala zinzima, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zinokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade. Kwimeko enjalo, iziphumo zinokuba zezonaphakade nasemva kokuba uhlaselo luphelile.

Iimpawu ze-NMO zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili:

• I-Optic neuritis: Ezi mpawu zibangelwa kukudumba (ukudumba) kwe-optic nerve kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo akho.
• I-Myelitis: Ezi mpawu zibangelwa kukudumba (ukudumba) komqolo.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwengqondo:Oku kwenzeka xa i-NMO ichaphazela i-hypothalamus okanye i-brainstem yakho, eziziinxalenye eziphambili zomzimba wethu ezilawula iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo.

I-optic neuritis

Amehlo ethu afumana ukukhanya okusingqongileyo aze athumele imiqondiso engqondweni nge-optic nerve. Ingqondo iyazicubungula ezo miqondiso ize isinike umbono.

Kwi-optic neuritis, i-optic nerve iyadumba. Ekubeni kungekho sithuba sikhulu kuloo ndawo yentloko, oku kudumba kunokubangela uxinzelelo olukhulu kwi-optic nerve. Cinga ngako, xa sicinezela ingalo okanye umlenze, uziva ungakhululekanga kwaye ubuhlungu. Yiloo nto eyenzekayo xa kukho uxinzelelo kwi-optic nerve.

Iimpawu ze-optic neuritis zinokuchaphazela iliso elinye okanye omabini. Ngamanye amaxesha iliso elinye linokuchaphazeleka kuqala, emva koko elinye, okanye omabini amehlo anokuchaphazeleka ngaxeshanye. Iimpawu ziquka:

• Intlungu yamehlo: Le ntlungu inokwanda, ingakumbi xa ushukumisa amehlo.
• Ukubona okufipheleyo: Oku kunokwanda xa udiniwe.
• Ukulahlekelwa yimbono ngokupheleleyo okanye kancinci: Usenokulahlekelwa yimbono yonke okanye inxalenye yayo kwiliso elinye (umzekelo, usenokulahlekelwa yimbindi wento oyijongileyo). Usenokuba nombono ofipheleyo okanye ukulahleka kwembono yombala.
• Ubunzima bokubona ekukhanyeni okuphantsi: Oku kunokwenza kube nzima ukwenza izinto ezifana nokuqhuba ebusuku.

I-Myelitis

I-Myelitis kukudumba komqolo wakho. Oku kudumba kunokubangela uxinzelelo kumqolo nakwimithambo yomqolo ekufutshane. Oku kunokubangela ukuvaleka kwemiqondiso yemithambo-luvo kancinci okanye ngokupheleleyo. Xa zonke iintlobo zemiqondiso yemithambo-luvo zivaliwe, kuthiwa yi-transverse myelitis.

Iimpawu ze-myelitis zixhomekeke ekubeni ukudumba kukuphi na kwaye zeziphi iindawo zomthambo womqolo okanye imithambo yomqolo ezichaphazelekileyo. Ukuba ukudumba kubeka uxinzelelo kwimithambo yomqolo, iimpawu ziya kuvela kwiindawo zomzimba ezidibanisa loo mithambo nobuchopho. Ukuba umthambo womqolo ucinezelwe, iimpawu ziya kuvela kuzo zonke iindawo zomzimba ezidibene nemithambo yomqolo engaphantsi kwendawo yokucinezelwa.

Iimpawu ze-myelitis zezi:

• Ubuthathaka bemisipha okanye ukukhubazeka kwemisipha: Oku kuchaphazela amalungu omzimba angaphantsi kwendawo echaphazelekayo yomqolo. Usenokulahlekelwa lulawulo lwamalungu akho, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuhamba okanye ukuma. Ukuba i-myelitis iyenzeka kumqolo wesibeleko, kwanemisipha yokuphefumla isenokungasebenzi, nto leyo enokuba yingozi.
• Ukuxinana: Oku kwenzeka xa izihlunu zilahlekelwa ziimpawu zokulawula ezivela engqondweni zize ziqale ukusebenza zodwa. Emva koko izihlunu ziba lukhuni ngendlela engalawulekiyo kwaye zishukume.
• Intlungu:I-Myelitis inokubangela intlungu ngenxa yoxinzelelo kumqolo. Intlungu inokubangelwa kukudumba ngokwako, okanye inokubangelwa yimithambo-luvo echaphazelekayo ethumela imiqondiso yentlungu ngendlela engafanelekanga.
• Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba: I-Myelitis inokuphazamisa imiqondiso yemithambo-luvo elawula ukusebenza kwamathumbu kunye nesinyi, nto leyo ebangela ukungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo okanye ukungakwazi ukuzibamba kwamathumbu.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo: I-Myelitis inokuphazamisana nemiqondiso yemithambo-luvo elawula ukusebenza okanye amalungu esini.

Ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwengqondo

Nangona kuqhelekile ukubona utshintsho engqondweni kwi-multiple sclerosis (MS), aluqhelekanga kwi-NMO. Nangona kunjalo, xa lusenzeka, indlela ingqondo elawula ngayo ezinye zeenkqubo zomzimba inokuphazamiseka. Ukuba olu phazamiseko lwenzeka kwi-hypothalamus okanye kwi-brainstem, lunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu, nezibulalayo.

I-brainstem yeyona nxalenye isezantsi yobuchopho. Ikwindawo engasemva kwentloko, ezantsi. Le nxalenye ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba idibanisa ingqondo nomqolo, ikwalawula iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo. Iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo zizinto ezenzeka ngaphandle kokuba sicinge ngazo - izinto ezifana nokuphefumla, uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukubila.

Ukuba i-NMO ichaphazela i-brainstem, iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Iingxaki ezingenakunqandeka.
• Ukurhawuzelela okungenakunqandeka (ukurhawuzelela).
• Ukucaphuka nokuhlanza ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva.
• Ukubona izinto ezimbini ngaxeshanye (i-diplopia), iintshukumo zamehlo ezingalawulekiyo (i-nystagmus), okanye ezinye iingxaki zokulawula amehlo.
• Ukudumba kobuso.
• Ukudinwa okanye ukuziva ngathi ujikeleza (vertigo).
• Iingxaki ngokulinganisela komzimba okanye ukulungelelaniswa (ataxia).
• Intlungu yemithambo-luvo yobuso (i-trigeminal neuralgia).

I-hypothalamus ikwindawo engaphezulu nje kwe-brainstem. Ikwalawula iinkqubo zomzimba ezizenzekelayo. Ukuba ichatshazelwa yi-NMO, nezinye iinkqubo emzimbeni zinokungasebenzi kakuhle. Umzekelo, i-NMO inokubangela iimpawu ze-narcolepsy (ukozela kakhulu emini).

Yintoni ebangela i-neuromyelitis optica (NMO)?

Iingcali azikakwazi ukuchaza ngokupheleleyo ukuba i-NMO ikhula njani kwaye kutheni ikhula. Izizathu ezaziwayo okanye ezirhanelwayo zezi:

• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
• Ezinye iimeko zokuzikhusela komzimba okanye ukudumba.

Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela

I-NMO sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ihlasela ngempazamo inxalenye yomzimba wethu. Kwimeko enjalo, ihlasela imithambo-luvo yethu yamehlo kunye/okanye intambo yomqolo.

Okwangoku kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-autoimmune ze-NMO ezaziwayo:

• Ii-antibodies ze-Aquaporin-4 (AQP4):`(AQP4)` yiproteni efumaneka kumphezulu weeseli ezithile kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Umsebenzi wayo kukuhambisa amanzi angene aze aphume kwiiseli. Ii-antibodies ze`(AQP4)` zixelela inkqubo yomzimba ukuba ihlasele le proteni ngempazamo. Emva koko iiseli eziqulethe le proteni zonakele. Abantu abangaphezu kwama-80% abane`(NMO)` banazo ezi antibodies ze`(AQP4)` egazini labo.
• Ii-antibodies zeMyelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG): I-MOG yiproteni enceda ekwakheni nasekugcineni i-myelin sheath ejikeleze ii-neurons. Ii-antibodies ze-MOG zixelela inkqubo yomzimba ukuba ihlasele le proteni, nto leyo ephazamisa i-myelin sheath ejikeleze ii-neurons. Malunga ne-6.5% yabantu abane-NMO banale antibody egazini labo.

Oku kungasebenzi kakuhle kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kudla ngokubangelwa zizizathu esingazaziyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iinkcukacha zibonisa ukuba oku kungasebenzi kakuhle kunokwenzeka emva kosulelo. Phakathi kwe-15% kunye ne-35% yabantu abafumana i-NMO baye banesifo ngaphambi kokuba babe neempawu ze-NMO. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukuqinisekisa oku.

Iingcali okwangoku azikazi ukuba kutheni abantu abangenazo ii-antibodies ze-`(AQP4)` okanye `(MOG)` (malunga ne-13.5% yabantu abanesifo) befumana i-`(NMO).` Iimeko ezinjalo zihlelwa njenge-`(idiopathic)`.

Kwakhona, ezinye iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ``(MOG)``` antibody-related ``(NMO)`` sisifo esahlukileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uphando oluthe kratya ngale nto, kwaye ayikaqatshelwa ngokusemthethweni njengesifo esahlukileyo.

Ezinye iimeko zokuzikhusela komzimba okanye ukuvuvukala

Nangona i-NMO inokwenzeka yodwa, inokwenzeka kakhulu kubantu abanezinye izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba okanye ukudumba. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uphando oluthe kratya ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ezi meko zibangela okanye zinegalelo kwi-NMO.

Ezi meko zezi:

• I-Lupus `(Lupus - systemic lupus erythematosus)`
• Isifo seCeliac
• Isifo sikaSjögren
• I-Sarcoidosis
• I-Myasthenia gravis
• Isifo se-Antiphospholipid

Izinto ezibangela ufuzo

Iingcali zicinga ukuba izinto ezibangela ufuzo nazo zinokudlala indima kwi-NMO. Esinye isizathu kukuba esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kumaqela athile eentlanga. Esinye kukuba malunga ne-3% yezigulane ze-NMO zikwintsapho enye. Nangona kungekho bungqina bokuba i-NMO sisifo esizuzwe njengelifa, kunokubakho izinto ezibangela ukuba i-NMO ibe sengozini enkulu yokukhula.

Ingaba isifo se-neuromyelitis optica (NMO) sisasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye?

Okwangoku, akukho bungqina bokuba i-NMOSD okanye i-NMO inokudluliselwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.

Ifunyanwa njani i-neuromyelitis optica (NMO)?

Umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwe-multiple sclerosis (MS) kunye ne-NMO kukuba uvavanyo oluthile lunokuqinisekisa ukuba umntu une-NMO na. Ugqirha angasebenzisa indibaniselwano yezi zinto zilandelayo ukuze axilonge i-NMO:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Esinye sezixhobo ezibalulekileyo oogqirha abanazo zokuchonga i-NMO kukujonga igazi lakho ukuba kukho ii-antibodies ze-AQP4 okanye ze-MOG. Nangona uvavanyo lwegazi lungenakusoloko luqinisekisa i-NMO (kuba malunga ne-13.5% yamatyala awanazo ii-antibodies ezinokubonwa), luluncedo kakhulu ekwenzeni uxilongo.
• Iskeni yeMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Iskeni ye-MRI iluncedo kakhulu ekuxilongeni i-NMO. Le meko ibangela utshintsho kumqolo wakho nakwezinye iindawo zenkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo enokufunyanwa kwiskeni ye-MRI. Ezi zinokwahlulwa ngokucacileyo kutshintsho oluhlala lubonwa kwi-MS, ngoko oogqirha banokuqinisekisa ukuba asiyo-MS.
• Uvavanyo lomzimba nolwe-neurological: Olu vavanyo lukhangela iimpawu ezinokubangela i-NMO. Uvavanyo lwe-neurological lubaluleke kakhulu kuba lunokuchonga iingxaki ngeemvakalelo zakho, ii-reflexes, iintshukumo zemisipha, ibhalansi, kunye nemisebenzi yobuso.
• Imbali yakho yobuqu neyezonyango: Kule meko, ugqirha uza kukubuza imibuzo malunga nempilo yakho, iimpawu, kunye neenkcukacha zembali yakho yobuqu neyezonyango.

Kunokwenziwa nezinye iimvavanyo, njengoko ugqirha wakho esenokubona kubalulekile ukuthintela ezinye iimeko zonyango. Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela okungakumbi malunga novavanyo alucebisayo kunye nesizathu sokuba lucetyiswe.

Inyangwa njani i-neuromyelitis optica (NMO)? Ngaba ikho indlela yokunyanga?

I-NMO ayinakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yophando oluqhubekayo, le meko inokunyangeka. Ngenxa yokuba i-NMO sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba, kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zonyango: unyango olukhawulezileyo kunye nolawulo lwexesha elide.

• Unyango olukhawulezileyo: Oku kugxile ekunyangeni iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo zohlaselo lwe-NMO, ingakumbi ukudumba. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa nge-corticosteroids (okanye ezinye iintlobo zamayeza anciphisa ukudumba njengoko kumiselwe ngugqirha). Unyango olukhawulezileyo lubaluleke kakhulu kuba lunciphisa umngcipheko womonakalo ongunaphakade ovela kuhlaselo.
• Ulawulo lwexesha elide:I-NMO ibangelwa kukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela ngempazamo inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo. Ukuyilawula kubandakanya ukuyicinezela okanye ukuyiguqula inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Oku kunciphisa amandla ayo okonakalisa inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo. Oku kunokunceda ukuthintela ukuhlaselwa yi-NMO, okanye ubuncinane ukunciphisa ubukhali bayo kunye nokuba ihlala ixesha elingakanani. Iingcali zicebisa olu nyango kubantu abane-AQP4 antibodies nabangenayo.

Loluphi uhlobo lonyango okanye unyango olusetyenziswayo?

Kukho amayeza amaninzi kunye nonyango olunokunceda ukunyanga i-NMO:

• Amayeza okulwa nokuvuvukala: La mayeza anciphisa ukudumba kwinkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo. Amayeza aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa koku yi-corticosteroid efana ne-prednisone. Oogqirha badla ngokuqala la mayeza ngemithambo (IV). Anikwa ngelixa usesibhedlele. Emva kokuba uphumile esibhedlele, ugqirha wakho unokukutshintshela kumayeza afanayo owasela ngomlomo.
• Ukutshintshiselana ngeplasma (plasmapheresis): Ukuba ii-steroids azincedi, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-plasma exchange. Oku kubandakanya ukususa i-plasma egazini lakho uze uyitshintshe nge-plasma evela kumxhasi ohambelanayo. Ngokususa enye ye-plasma yakho uze uyitshintshe nge-plasma yomxhasi, ezinye zeeseli zomzimba kunye nee-chemical markers (eziqinisa impendulo yomzimba) kwi-plasma ziyasuswa. Oku kunciphisa impendulo yomzimba wakho yomzimba kwaye kunciphisa ukudumba.
• I-Immunoglobulin Efakwa Emthanjeni (IVIG): Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukufaka i-plasma emzimbeni wakho nge-IV. I-plasma oyifumanayo ine-immunoglobulin. Oko kukuthi, i-plasma equlethe ii-antibodies ezivela kubanikeli. Ezi azihlaseli inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo njengoko inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba isenza.
• Amayeza okunciphisa umzimba: La ngamayeza ekufuneka uwathathe rhoqo. Amanye anikwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV), nto leyo eyenziwa kwikliniki yokufakwa okanye kwiziko lezonyango elifanayo. Amanye eza njengeepilisi, onokuzithatha ekhaya. Abantu abaninzi kufuneka bazithathe ezi pilisi iminyaka, ngamanye amaxesha ubomi babo bonke.

Zithini iziphumo okanye iingxaki zonyango?

Iziphumo zonyango zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka iyeza, ubukhali bemeko yakho, kunye nembali yakho yezonyango. Nangona kunjalo, isiphumo esinye esibi samayeza okunciphisa amajoni omzimba siyabonakala: anciphisa impendulo yakho yomzimba.

Inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba ikukhusela kwiintsholongwane zangaphandle ezifana neentsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, iifungi, kunye neeparasites. Ikwagcina iiseli ekuziphatheni kakubi. Ukuba iiseli zomzimba wakho aziziphathi kakuhle, umsebenzi wenkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba kukungenelela nokuzitshabalalisa (umhlaza kuxa iiseli ziziphatha kakubi, zifihla kwinkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba, kwaye zanda ngokungalawulekiyo).

Nangona ukuthatha amayeza okunciphisa umzimba kunokunceda ukuthintela ukuhlaselwa yi-NMO, kunokwenza umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukulwa nosulelo oluthile. Angakwandisa nomngcipheko wakho wokufumana iintlobo ezithile zeethumba (ezinomhlaza nezingengomhlaza). Ukuba uthatha amayeza okunciphisa umzimba, kufuneka uthathe amanyathelo athile okuthintela umngcipheko wakho wokugula. Kusenokufuneka ugonyelwe izifo ezosulelayo ezifana ne-COVID-19, i-influenza (flu), kunye ne-pneumonia, ezinokuba yingozi kwaye zibulale xa inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka.

Ndiza kuziva bhetele nini emva konyango? Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuze ndiphile emva konyango?

Ishedyuli yonyango kunye neyokuchacha kwe-NMO inokwahluka, njengoko zininzi izinto ezichaphazela oku. Ugqirha wakho ngoyena mthombo wolwazi olungileyo malunga noku. Angakuxelela ukuba loluphi ixesha elinokwenzeka kwindawo okuyo, kunye nento onokuyenza ukunceda kule nkqubo.

Yintoni endimele ndiyilindele ukuba ndine-neuromyelitis optica (NMO)?

Ukuba une-NMO, ungalindela ukuba le meko iqale ngaphandle kwesilumkiso esininzi. Abanye abantu bane-infection yokuphefumla okanye esinye isifo ngaphambi kokuba sivele, kodwa oko kwenzeka kwisithathu (okanye ngaphantsi) samatyala.

Uhlaselo lwe-NMO lubangela iingxaki zokubona kuba luchaphazela imithambo-luvo yakho yamehlo. Lunokubangela iintlungu zamehlo kunye nokungaboni kakuhle. Zihlala zisiba mandundu kwiintsuku okanye kwiiveki ezimbalwa zize emva koko zibe phezulu. Ukuba imithambo-luvo yamehlo yonakele kakhulu, ezi mpawu zinokuba zezokuhlala zihleli, kodwa unyango lunokunceda ukuthintela umonakalo ohlala uhleli.

I-NMO ichaphazela inxalenye esezantsi yengqondo yakho - isiqu sobuchopho - kunye nomqolo wakho. Inokubangela ukuba iinkqubo zomzimba wakho zenzeke ngokuzenzekelayo, okubangela izinto ezifana nokucaphuka, ukuhlanza, kunye nokuxinana okungalawulekiyo.

Ukuba i-myelitis iba nkulu, uxinzelelo kwi-spinal cord lunokuphazamisa imiqondiso yemithambo-luvo kwindawo echaphazelekayo okanye kuzo zonke iindawo zomzimba ezingaphantsi kwayo. Oku kunokubangela ubuthathaka bemisipha, ukukhubazeka, kunye nokulahlekelwa yimvakalelo engaphantsi kwendawo echaphazelekayo. Oku kunokuba yingozi ukuba izihlunu ezilawula ukuphefumla ziyachaphazeleka, nto leyo ebangela ukukhubazeka okanye ubuthathaka bemisipha. Unyango lwangethuba lunokuthintela ezi ziphumo ekubeni zihlale zihleli.

(NMO) sisifo esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwenzeka xa inkqubo yakho yomzimba ihlasela amalungu omzimba wakho ngempazamo. Kwimeko enjalo, inkqubo yakho yomzimba ijolise kwinkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo. Unyango lwale meko ludla ngokubandakanya ukucinezela inkqubo yakho yomzimba ixesha elide. Ngelishwa, oku kunokukwenza ube sesichengeni sosulelo njengesiphumo esingesihle. Abantu abasebenzisa amayeza okunciphisa umngcipheko wokugula kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo okuthintela ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokugula.

I-neuromyelitis optica (NMO) ihlala ixesha elingakanani?

I-NMO ibangela ukuhlaselwa, nto leyo ethetha ukuba iimpawu zivele ngequbuliso. Kubantu abane-antibodies ye-AQP4 okanye ye-MOG, i-NMO yimeko yobomi bonke. Okwangoku, abantu abanesifo kufuneka bathathe amayeza okunciphisa amasosha omzimba iminyaka, ngamanye amaxesha ubomi babo bonke, ukuthintela ukuhlaselwa.

Phakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-20% yabantu abane-NMO banohlaselo olunye kuphela kwaye abasayi kuphinda babe nalo olunye. Oku kunokwenzeka ngakumbi kubantu abangenazo ii-antibodies ze-AQP4 okanye ze-MOG. Nangona kunjalo, akukho ndlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo, ngoko ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uthathe la mayeza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nohlaselo.

Iyintoni ikamva le-neuromyelitis optica (NMO)?

Ngaphambili, i-NMO yayisifo esingalindelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokufunyanwa malunga nemvelaphi yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwesi sifo, iingcali ngoku ziyazi ukuba i-NMO yimeko enokunyangwa. Amayeza alawula le meko anciphisa izinga lokubuyela umva phakathi kwe-72% kunye ne-88%. Izinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu kunye nale meko liphakathi kwe-91% kunye ne-98%.

Abantu abane-NMO abahlaselwa izihlandlo ezininzi banamathuba amaninzi okulahlekelwa zizakhono ezithile, ezinje ngokubona nokuhamba. Malunga nama-22% abantu bayaphila ngokupheleleyo kwiziphumo ze-NMO baze baphinde bafumane zonke izakhono zabo. Malunga nama-7% abaphili konke konke. Ama-71% aseleyo ayaphila ubuncinane ngokuyinxenye, kodwa anokufumana iziphumo eziqhubekayo.

Ndingawunciphisa njani umngcipheko wokuba ne-neuromyelitis optica (NMO)? Ngaba inokuthintelwa?

I-NMO yenzeka ngequbuliso kwaye ngezizathu oogqirha abangaziqondi ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke, akukho ndlela yokuyithintela okanye yokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuyifumana.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

I-NMO yimeko elawulekayo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukubonisa indlela yokuzinyamekela. Ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu onokuzenza zezi:

• Sela amayeza akho ngokuchanekileyo: Nokuba uyaphola emva kokuhlaselwa yi-NMO okanye uchithe ixesha elide ungahlaselwanga, kubalulekile ukusela amayeza akho njengoko kuyalelwe. Amayeza anokunceda ukuthintela okanye ukunciphisa umonakalo obangelwa luhlaselo lwangoku kwaye anciphise umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa kwixesha elizayo. Musa ukuyeka ukusebenzisa la mayeza ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha wakho.
• Bona ugqirha wakho njengoko kucetyiswa:Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wakho kwakhona xa une-NMO. Oku kuya kuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba ajonge iziphumo zeso simo. Kuqhelekile ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo xa une-NMO. Oku kuya kuvumela ugqirha wakho ukuba abone ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela isebenza kakuhle kangakanani. Amayeza akho anokutshintshwa ukuba kuyimfuneko.
• Thatha amanyathelo okhuseleko ukuze uhlale usempilweni: Ukuba uthatha amayeza okunciphisa amasosha omzimba, anokunciphisa amandla omzimba wakho okuhlasela inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo. Ngelishwa, anokunciphisa amandla omzimba wakho okulwa nezifo ezifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, i-COVID-19, i-pneumonia, kunye nosulelo lomchamo (UTIs). Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo (ngesepha namanzi okanye i-sanitizer yezandla esekelwe kutywala). Ngokuxhomekeke kumngcipheko wakho uphela, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukunxiba imaski esidlangalaleni okanye ukuthatha amanye amanyathelo okhuseleko.

Ndifanele ndibize ugqirha wam nini?

Abantu abasebenzisa amayeza okunciphisa amajoni omzimba basengozini enkulu yokugula zizifo eziqhelekileyo, kwanalezo zingabi yingozi kangako. Ukuba umntu osebenzisa amayeza okunciphisa amajoni omzimba unezinye zezi mpawu, kufuneka atsalele umnxeba ugqirha wakhe:

• Ukudinwa kakhulu (ukuziva udiniwe okanye uphelelwe ngamandla ngendlela engaqhelekanga) okanye ubuthathaka.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Utshintsho olungalindelekanga kubunzima.
• Ukuchama rhoqo kunesiqhelo, iintlungu ezisezantsi komqolo, okanye intlungu okanye ukutshisa xa uchama (ezi ziimpawu zosulelo lomchamo).
• Iimpawu zosulelo oluphezulu lwendlela yokuphefumla, ezifana nokukhwehlela, ukuthimla, impumlo egobhozayo, okanye umphimbo obuhlungu.
• Ezinye iimpawu zosulelo, ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukubanda, kunye neentlungu zemisipha.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-neuromyelitis optica `(NMO)` kunye ne-multiple sclerosis `(MS)`?

I-NMO kunye ne-multiple sclerosis (MS) ziimeko ezineempawu ezininzi ezifanayo nezifanayo. Kangangeminyaka, iingcali zazicinga ngempazamo ukuba i-NMO luhlobo lwe-MS. Kodwa abaphandi ngoku bayazi ukuba ziimeko ezahlukeneyo.

Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwe-`(NMO)` kunye ne-`(MS)` kukuba uvavanyo lwelebhu lunokunceda ekuchongeni ii-antibodies ezibangela i-`(NMO)` (nangona ii-antibodies zingenakubonwa rhoqo). Unyango lwe-`(NMO)` kunye ne-`(MS)` nalo lwahlukile, kwaye olunye unyango lwe-`(MS)` lunokwenza iimpawu ze-`(NMO)` zibe zimbi ngakumbi.

Ngamafutshane, iNeuromyelitis Optica (NMO) sisifo esingaqhelekanga nesihlala ixesha elide. Sivela xa inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela yomzimba ihlasela iindawo ezithile zenkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo. Kwakukhe kwacingelwa ukuba luhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwe-multiple sclerosis (MS), kodwa ngoku ibonwa njengesifo esahlukileyo. Ngokungafaniyo ne-MS, uninzi lweemeko ze-NMO zinokuqinisekiswa ngovavanyo lwelebhu. Oku kuvumela oogqirha ukuba bayixilonge kwaye bayinyange ngokukhawuleza.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, nangona i-neuromyelitis optica (NMO) isenokubonakala ngathi ligama eloyikisayo, kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba kukho unyango olufanelekileyo ngoku . Ngokungafaniyo nexesha elidlulileyo, kukho ulwazi oluninzi malunga nesi sifo ngoku, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha kwangoko xa uqala ukufumana iimpawu kwaye ufumane ukuxilongwa ngokufanelekileyo.

• Ukuba ubona utshintsho olukhawulezileyo embonweni, ukungaziva mnandi, okanye ubuthathaka, musa ukulibala. Yiya kugqirha ngoko nangoko.
• `(NMO)` ayisiyo `(MS)`. Unyango lwazo zombini lwahlukile. Ke ngoko, ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Unyango lwangoku lunokulawula ukuhlaselwa yi-NMO kwaye lunciphise umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa kwixesha elizayo. Kubalulekile ukuthatha amayeza njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele.
• Xa usela amayeza athintela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, lumka kakhulu ukuze uzikhusele kwiintsholongwane.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho okanye umbelethisi. Hlala usempilweni!

i- neuromyelitis optica, i-NMO, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, i-optic nerve, i-spinal cord, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, iimpawu, i-myelin