Ngaba wakha waba nokutsha okukhulu, inxeba elibi elibangelwe yingozi, okanye umhlaza wesikhumba owashiya isilonda? Kulapho oogqirha bathetha khona nge "skin graft." Abanye abantu banokuziva besoyika kancinci xa besiva eli gama. Kodwa eneneni lutyando oluphumelele kakhulu olwenza umahluko omkhulu kubomi babantu abaninzi. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masifumane iimpendulo kuyo yonke imibuzo yakho malunga ne-skin grafts, njengokuthetha nomhlobo.
Yintoni i-graft yesikhumba, ngokufutshane?
Ngamafutshane, ukufakelwa kwesikhumba yinkqubo yotyando equka ukuthatha ulusu olusempilweni kwenye inxalenye yomzimba wakho uze ulufake kwinxalenye yomzimba wakho eyonakeleyo okanye elahlekileyo. Kufana nokufaka isityalo kwenye inxalenye yomzimba wakho. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, ulusu olusandul’ ukufakelwa luza kuqala ukuvelisa imithambo yegazi kwaye ludibane nezicubu ezingqongileyo.
Oogqirha basebenzisa le ndlela ukunceda abantu abalusu lwabonakeleyo ngenxa yokutsha, iingozi, izifo zolusu, okanye usulelo. Ngamanye amaxesha ikwasetyenziselwa ukuvala isithuba esishiyekileyo emva kokususa umhlaza wolusu.
Ixesha lokuchacha emva kolu tyando liya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimpilo yakho iyonke, ubungakanani bolusu olufakelweyo, kunye nohlobo lotyando olwenziweyo. Uninzi lwexesha, olu tyando luphumelela okokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu, ukuba ulusu olufakelweyo alunamatheli kakuhle, kunokufuneka olunye utyando.
Ulusu lokufakelwa lufumaneka phi?
Uninzi lwexesha, oogqirha bathabatha ulusu oluvela kwilungu eliphilileyo lomzimba wesigulana . Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"Autograft". Le yeyona ndlela ikhuselekileyo nephumeleleyo.
Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi ukuba umntu utshile kakhulu, kusenokungabikho ulusu olusempilweni olwaneleyo olusele lusele ukuba luthathwe emzimbeni wakhe. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kusetyenziswa ezinye iindlela:
- I-Allograft: Ukufakelwa ulusu okwethutyana kumntu oswelekileyo (isidumbu).
- Xenograft: Ukufakelwa kwesikhumba sesilwanyana okwethutyana, ngesiqhelo ihagu.
Zombini iindlela ze-"Allograft" kunye ne-"Xenograft" zihlala zizezexeshana . Zisetyenziselwa ukugquma inxeba lide liphole okanye lide ulusu olusempilweni lwesigulana lukhule kwakhona.
Ziziphi iindlela eziphambili zokufakelwa ulusu?
Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokufakelwa ulusu. Ugqirha wakho uya kukhetha eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo ngokusekwe kuhlobo, indawo, kunye nobukhulu benxeba lakho.
| Uhlobo lwe-Graft | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukufakelwa kolusu oluqhekekileyo (STSG) | Kule nkqubo, kuphela umaleko ophezulu wesikhumba (i-epidermis) kunye nenxalenye yomaleko wesibini ongaphantsi (i-dermis) osuswayo. Le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukugubungela amanxeba amakhulu . Ulusu luthathwa kwiindawo ezifana namathanga, iimpundu, isisu, okanye umqolo. Indawo enikelweyo iyaziphilisa ngokwayo kwiiveki ezi-1-2. |
| Ulusu olupheleleyo olutyebileyo (FTSG) | Apha, zombini iileya eziphezulu nezisezantsi zesikhumba zisusiwe ngokupheleleyo. Oku kutyebile kancinci, ngoko ke kuthatha ixesha elide ukuphola. Le ndlela idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezingagqunywanga ziimpahla, njengobuso . Ulusu luthathwa emqolo, engalweni, okanye kufutshane ne-collarbone, kwaye inxeba lithungwa ngoko nangoko. |
| I-graft edityanisiweyo | Kule meko, akusiyo ulusu kuphela olutyalwayo, kodwa nezinye izicwili ezifana ne-cartilage. Le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukulungisa umonakalo kwimpumlo, kwiminwe, okanye kwiindlebe . |
Kukweziphi iimeko apho kufuneka khona ukufakelwa kwesikhumba?
Ugqirha wakho angacebisa olu tyando ukuba ulusu lwakho lonakele kakhulu okanye alukho ukuba luphole ngokwalo. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo:
- Ukutsha: Ukutsha okuqatha.
- Izifo: Izifo ezinzulu ezonakalisa ulusu.
- Utyando lomhlaza wolusu: Ukuvala isithuba esiseleyo emva kokuba umhlaza ususiwe (umz. utyando lweMohs).
- Izilonda kunye nezilonda zebhedi: Amanxeba angapholiyo.
- Amanxeba amakhulu kakhulu: Amanxeba amakhulu kakhulu ukuba angaphola ngokwawo.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi nangexesha lotyando?
Ukulungiselela ngaphambi kotyando
Ngaphambi kotyando, ugqirha wakho angakucela ukuba uyeke ukusebenzisa amayeza athile, afana nemithi yokunciphisa igazi. Ukuba uyatshaya, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uyeke kwiiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kotyando.Ngenxa yokuba amanxeba kubantu abatshayayo aphola kancinci kakhulu, umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kotyando uphezulu.
Ngaphambi kotyando, ugqirha uza kukuhlola aze akhethe indawo yomxhasi kunye nendawo yokufakelwa. Xa ekhetha indawo yokufakelwa ulusu, ugqirha uza kuzama ukukhetha indawo efana nombala kunye nobume besikhumba sendawo yokufakelwa ulusu.
Ngexesha lotyando
Olu tyando lwenziwa esibhedlele. Udla ngokunikwa i-anesthesia eqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba lutyando oluncinci, unganikwa i-anesthesia yendawo.
Ugqirha usika aze asuse ulusu kwindawo ephilileyo (umz., ithanga, isisu, umqolo) esele ifunyenwe. Emva koko, ngaphambi kokuba ulusu lufakwe, kwenziwa imingxunya emincinci okanye imingxunya efana ne-mesh kuyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"meshing". Oku kwenzelwa ukolula ulusu kwindawo enkulu nokunceda inxeba liphole ngokukhawuleza.
Olu sikhumba luncamatheliswa kwindawo eyonakeleyo, luqiniswe ngezititshi okanye izitapile, luze lugqunywe kakuhle ngebhandeji.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando?
Ekubeni kukho amanxeba amabini (ukusikwa kwesikhumba kunye nokufakelwa kwesikhumba), ugqirha uya kujonga ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba aphiliswa kakuhle kwaye akukho naluphi na usulelo. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lotyando, kunokufuneka uhlale esibhedlele malunga neeveki ezimbini. Emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya, kufuneka ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ukugcina inxeba ligqunyiwe: Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba kufuneka uligcine ixesha elingakanani ibhandishi, nokuba lifanele libe manzi, kwaye ulitshintshe nini. Basenokukuxelela ukuba usebenzise ikhrimu yokubulala iintsholongwane.
- Ukukhusela inxeba: Ziphephe izinto ezolula ulusu kwindawo ethile, ezifana nokuzilolonga kakhulu, kangangeeveki ezi-3-4 de inxeba liphole.
- Ukusela iintlungu: Ugqirha uza kukunika amayeza eentlungu ezenzeka emva kotyando. Zisebenzise ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ukulandelela: Qiniseka ukuba uya kugqirha ukuze ujonge amanxeba. Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango lomzimba (PT) lunokucetyiswa ukuze kwandiswe ukuthamba kolusu olufakelweyo kunye nokunciphisa ukwakheka kwezicubu ezibomvu.
Zithini iingozi kunye neengxaki zoku?
Uninzi lwezikhuseli zesikhumba ziyaphumelela. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ulusu olukhutshiweyo lusenokunganamatheli kwindawo entsha. Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili zokuba oku kwenzeke:
- Igazi okanye ubomvu buqokelelana phantsi kwesikhumba esifakelweyo.
- Usulelo.
- Ukonakala kwendawo efakelweyo ngexesha lokuphiliswa (umz., ukungcangcazela kakhulu).
- Ukuphola kwenxeba okulibazisekileyo ngenxa yeengxaki zokujikeleza kwegazi (oku kuqheleke kakhulu kubantu abatshayayo ).
Ukongeza, ukopha, ukufinyela kolusu olufakelweyo, ukutshintsha kombala wolusu, ukulahleka kwemvakalelo okanye ukuziva ukhululekile, kunye nentlungu engapheliyo zinokwenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zinto zihlala zilawulwa liqela lezonyango elinobuchule.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha ngononophelo ngaphambi nasemva kotyando. Oku kunokunceda ekuthinteleni iingxaki ezininzi.
Kufuneka nini udibane nogqirha ngokukhawuleza?
Ukuba ubona into efana nale xa ufika ekhaya emva kotyando, kufuneka ufowunele ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko :
- Ukuba igazi okanye ubomvu buphuma enxebeni.
- Ukuba unentlungu enzima engenakulawuleka nokuba usebenzisa amayeza.
- Ukuba ubonisa iimpawu zosulelo, njengomkhuhlane .
Ukuba umntwana omncinci utyandwa ulusu, ulusu olutyandisiweyo lusenokungakhuli kwakhona njengoko umntwana ekhula. Kwimeko ezinjalo, kunokufuneka olunye utyando kwixesha elizayo. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukufakelwa kwesikhumba yinkqubo yotyando ephumelelayo apho ulusu olonakeleyo okanye olungekhoyo luthathelwa indawo lulusu oluphilileyo oluthathwe kwenye indawo yomzimba wakho.
- Ukuba ungumntu otshayayo, kubalulekile ukuyeka ukutshaya kwiiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kotyando ukuze utyando lube yimpumelelo.
- Landela imiyalelo kagqirha emva kotyando (ukugcina inxeba licocekile, ukungazilolongi, ukusebenzisa amayeza) ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezifana nokopha okanye ubomvu obuvela kwinxeba, iintlungu eziqatha, okanye umkhuhlane, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Musa ukoyika olu tyando. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye izinto ezikuxhalabisayo.
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