Ingaba umntwana wakho omncinci akakathethi njengabanye abantwana abalingana naye? Okanye ngaba unengxaki yokubiza amagama? Mhlawumbi umntu omdala kusapho lwakho unengxaki yokubhala amagama emva kwestroke? Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye ukhathazekile xa ubona izinto ezinje. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Kukho unyango olukhethekileyo olunokunceda kwezi ngxaki. Namhlanje sithetha ngonyango lokuthetha, okanye 'uNyango lokuthetha'.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Speech Therapy?
Unyango lokuthetha lunyango olukhethekileyo olunceda wena okanye umntwana wakho ukuba athethe ngokuchanekileyo, asebenzise ulwimi, aqonde oko kuthethwa ngabanye, kwaye aziveze ngokucacileyo . Njengokuba ingcali ye-physiotherapist isinceda kwiingxaki zomzimba, ingcali ye-Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) inceda kwiingxaki zokuthetha nezonxibelelwano. Sikwabiza ngokuba ziingcali ze-Speech Therapists.
Le ndlela yonyango ikunceda ufumane imithambo kunye nemisebenzi efanelekileyo kuwe okanye kwingxaki ethile yomntwana wakho. Abanye abantu banokufuna uncedo lokuthetha kuphela. Abanye banokufuna uncedo lokuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye.
Unyango lokuthetha lunokuphucula izinto ezifana nezi:
- Izakhono zolwimi zabantwana abancinci: Inceda abantwana abancinci, ingakumbi abantwana abancinci, ukuba bafunde ukuthetha nokunxibelelana.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwelizwi: Uqeqesho lokusebenzisa ilizwi elicacileyo nelichanekileyo.
- Ukuqonda ulwimi: Kuphucula ubuchule bokuqonda amagama nezivakalisi.
- Ubuchule bokuthetha: Ukukwazi ukuthetha ngokulula nangokutyibilikayo, ngaphandle kokugungqa.
- Ukucaca kunye nokubonakalisa izimvo: Uphuhlisa ubuchule bokuvakalisa into abafuna ukuyithetha ngokulula nangokucacileyo.
Ndingazi njani ukuba mna okanye umntwana wam kufuneka afumane unyango lokuthetha?
Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuthetha okanye yokunxibelelana, uza kuqala acebise uvavanyo olusisiseko. Olu vavanyo luya kunceda ekufumaneni unobangela wengxaki.
Khawuthelekelele ukuba umntwana wakho omncinci unengxaki yokuthetha. Ugqirha usenokuyalela uvavanyo lokuva kuqala. Angakuthumela kwingcali ye-audiologist. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukulahlekelwa kukuva kunokuba yimbangela yokulibaziseka kokuthetha. Ukuba uvavanyo luqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho akanazo iingxaki zokuva, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba ubone ingcali ye-speech.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba unamathandabuzo, thetha nogqirha wakho wosapho ngaloo nto. Uza kukukhokela ngokuchanekileyo.
Zeziphi iimeko ezinyangwa ngonyango lokuthetha?
Unyango lokuthetha lunokunceda nabani na onengxaki yokuthetha okanye yolwimi. Lukwacetyiswa nakwabo banengxaki yokuginya ngenxa yokulahlekelwa kukuva okanye ezinye iimeko zonyango. Unyango lokuthetha lunokubonelela ngoncedo olukhulu kwezi meko zilandelayo:
| Imeko yezonyango | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Aphasia | Aba bantu banengxaki yokufunda, ukubhala, ukuthetha, nokuqonda ulwimi. Le meko idla ngokuvela emva kwestroke okanye ukwenzakala kwengqondo. |
| I-Apraxia | Nangona aba bantu benento abanokuyithetha engqondweni yabo, banengxaki yokuthetha loo mazwi. Oku kungenxa yengxaki yonxibelelwano phakathi kwengqondo kunye nezihlunu zomlomo. |
| Ingxaki yokuthetha | Ukungakwazi ukubiza izandi ezithile ngokuchanekileyo. Umzekelo, ukuthi 'ಲ' endaweni kanobumba 'ರ', okanye ukusebenzisa isandi 'ತ' endaweni ka-'ಸ'. |
| Iingxaki zoNxibelelwano lweNgqondo | Xa inxalenye yengqondo elawula ukucinga yonakele, kuba nzima ukunxibelelana. Oku kuchaphazela izinto ezifana nenkumbulo, ingqalelo, kunye nokusombulula iingxaki. |
| I-Dysarthria | Intetho iyacotha okanye iyabhitya xa izihlunu zomlomo zibuthathaka. Inokubangelwa zizifo zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ezifana nestroke, i-multiple sclerosis (MS), kunye ne-ALS. |
| Iingxaki zokuZiveza | Ubunzima bokubeka iingcinga ngamazwi. Ukungakwazi ukuthetha kanye into oyifunayo. |
| Ukuphazamiseka Kokuthetha Ngokutyibilika | Ukuphazamiseka kwisantya, isingqisho, kunye nokuhamba kwentetho. Ukuthintitha yimeko yolu hlobo. Kukwabandakanya ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, amagama enamathelene (ukuxinana). |
| Iingxaki zokwamkela | Ubunzima bokuqonda okanye ukuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye, isigama esincinci, kunye nobunzima bokulandela imiyalelo elula. |
| Iingxaki zokuqaqamba kweNgqiqo | Utshintsho kwilizwi olubangelwa yingxaki emlonyeni okanye kwimingxunya yempumlo ethintela ukuhamba komoya. Le meko inokubangelwa zizinto ezifana ne-cleft palate okanye i-tonsils evuvukileyo. |
Ngaba ikho iminyaka efanelekileyo yonyango lokuthetha?
Ngamafutshane, hayi . Nabani na oneminyaka okanye ngaphezulu ofuna uncedo ngezakhono zokuthetha okanye zolwimi angazuza kunyango lokuthetha. Akukho minyaka ilungileyo okanye imbi kakhulu kuyo.
Nangona kunjalo, uphando lubonise ukuba okukhona olu nyango luqalwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo zingcono, ngakumbi ebantwaneni . Kwakhona, ukuba abazali balandela imiyalelo yogqirha kwaye benze imisebenzi efanayo ekhaya nomntwana wabo, inkqubela yomntwana iya kukhawuleza kakhulu. Kwanakwabantu abadala, ukuqala unyango kwangoko nje ukuba ingxaki ichongiwe kunokubanceda baphile ngokukhawuleza.
Zeziphi iintlobo zemisebenzi ezenziwayo kunyango lokuthetha?
Oku kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubudala besigulana kunye nohlobo lwengxaki. Kubantwana abancinci, olu nyango ludla ngokwenziwa ngokudlala. Izinto zokudlala, imifanekiso, imidlalo yebhodi, njl.njl. zisetyenziselwa ukuze zingavakali ngathi lunyango.
Kwabantu abadala, imithambo ejolise ekwakheni okanye ekuphuculeni isakhono esithile idla ngokwenziwa.
Nantsi eminye imizekelo:
- Ukuzilolonga ngolwimi nangomlomo: Ingcali yokunyanga iza kukufundisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzilolonga kunye neentshukumo eziza kunceda ukuqinisa izihlunu zomlomo nolwimi. Ezi ziza kukunceda uqeqeshe ulwimi lwakho ukuba luhambe ngendlela echanekileyo.
- Imbonakalo yobuso: Izakhono zomzimba zingaphuhliswa ngokulawula imbonakalo yobuso. Umzekelo, ukuziqhelanisa nokuncuma, ukutyhala imilebe, uze ukhulule ubuso.
- Ukufunda ngokuvakalayo: Ukuba unengxaki yokunyakaza komlomo nolwimi lwakho kakuhle, ukufunda iincwadi ngokuvakalayo kunokuqinisa unxibelelwano phakathi kwengqondo yakho nomlomo.
- Imidlalo yamagama: Izifundo zibonise ukuba imidlalo yememori, efana nokukhangela amagama kunye neephazili zamagama aqhelekileyo, inokuphucula izakhono zokuqonda kunye nezakhono zokucinga.
Zithini iingenelo zonyango lokuthetha?
Unyango lokuthetha yindlela yonyango eqinisekisiweyo encede izigidi zabantu ukuphucula izakhono zabo zolwimi nonxibelelwano. Ezinye zezibonelelo ziquka:
- Ukuzithemba okwandileyo: Xa ukwazi ukuthetha ngokucacileyo, ufumana ukuzithemba kuwe.
- Ukuzimela okwandisiweyo: Ukukwazi ukubonakalisa iimfuno zakho yinto entle kakhulu.
- Uphuculo lobuchule bokuveza nokuqonda izimvo: Uya kukwazi ukuveza ngokuchanekileyo iingcinga neemvakalelo zakho, kwaye uqonde oko kuthethwa ngabanye.
- Ukulungiselela abantwana abancinci isikolo: Ukuphuhlisa izakhono zokuthetha ngaphambi kokuba baqale isikolo luncedo olukhulu kwimfundo yomntwana.
- Umgangatho welizwi onyukileyo.
- Ukuphucula inkqubo yokuginya ukutya.
- Uphuculo olupheleleyo kumgangatho wobomi.
Unyango luthatha ixesha elingakanani?
Akukho mpendulo inye kulo mbuzo. Iyahluka kumntu nomntu. Ezinye iingxaki zokuthetha ziyaphucuka kancinci xa ukhula. Ezinye iimeko zinokufuna unyango lweminyaka emininzi. Kwakhona, ukuba ingxaki ibangelwa yimeko yempilo, intetho ingaphucuka njengoko imeko isiya isiba mandundu.
Ixesha elithathwayo kunyango lixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nezi:
- iminyaka yakho
- Uhlobo lwesiphene sokuthetha
- Ubunzulu bengxaki
- Ixesha elithathayo ukuphiliswa kwenye imeko yezonyango engaphantsi
- Indlela onomdla kwaye rhoqo ngayo uthatha inxaxheba kunyango
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?
Ukuba unengxaki yokuthetha, ukumamela abanye, okanye ukunxibelelana, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ingakumbi ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yolwimi okanye ukuqonda amagama, musa ukulibazisa.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokulumkisa ukuba umntwana unokuba nengxaki yokunxibelelana ziquka:
- Ukuthetha kancinci okanye kaninzi kunesiqhelo.
- Ukubonisa ubunzima bokusebenzisa ulwimi okanye amagama.
- Ubunzima bokuqonda izivakalisi ezilula.
- Ukucaphuka lula xa ufunda, umamele, okanye uthetha.
Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ninengxaki yokunxibelelana, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokubona ingcali yokuthetha ukuze ihlole imeko yenu. Olu nyango luthatha ixesha, umgudu, kunye nokuziqhelanisa. Ngomonde nonyango, nawe ungaphila ubomi obuqinisekileyo nobusemgangathweni.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuthetha ixesha elide okanye ukuba kukho ingxaki, musa ukoyika, kodwa qala ngokuqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho wosapho ukuze akunike icebiso.
- Unyango lokuthetha yindlela yonyango eqinisekisiweyo eluncedo kubantwana nakubantu abadala ngokufanayo.
- Ingakumbi ebantwaneni, ukuqala unyango kwangoko nje ukuba ingxaki ichongiwe kunokuvelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo kakhulu.
- Oku akuyonto eza kunika iziphumo ngoko nangoko. Umonde, ukuzinikela, kunye nokulandela imiyalelo yogqirha ngononophelo kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Ukongeza kwizinto ozenzayo kwiziko lonyango, ungakhawulezisa inkqubo yokuphiliswa ngokwenza ezo zinto ekhaya.
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