Ngaba uvavanyo lwakho lwamva nje lwegazi lubonise ukuba inqanaba lakho le-cholesterol liphezulu kancinci? Ngaba uzive usoyika kwaye ukhathazekile xa ubona ukuba "i-cholesterol yakho embi" okanye i-LDL nayo iphezulu? Ukuba kunjalo, ugqirha wakho usenokuba ukuxelele ukuba uqale ukuthatha uhlobo 'lwe-Statin' lwamayeza. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngokulula nge-'Statins', ezibalulekileyo kubantu abaninzi.
Kulungile, zithini ezi 'Statins'?
Ngamafutshane, 'iiStatins' luhlobo lwamayeza anikwa ngoogqirha ukunciphisa inqanaba le-cholesterol egazini lakho, ingakumbi i-cholesterol "embi".
Xa sithetha nge-cholesterol, sisoloko sisiva ngeentlobo ezimbini, akunjalo?
1. I-LDL (i-Low-Density Lipoprotein): Le yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-cholesterol "embi" . Cinga ngemithambo yegazi yakho njengombhobho othwala amanzi. Oko kwenziwa yile cholesterol ye-LDL kukufaka njengodaka olunamafutha ngaphakathi kuloo mbhobho, okunciphisa kancinci indlela yokuhamba kwegazi. Ezinye iintlobo 'ze-statin' zinokunciphisa le cholesterol imbi ngama-50% nangaphezulu.
2. I-HDL (i-High-Density Lipoprotein): Le yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-cholesterol "elungileyo" . Ithatha i-cholesterol embi eqokelele kwimithambo yegazi ize iyithumele esibindini ukuze isuswe emzimbeni. Ifana nomqokeleli wenkunkuma.
Iistatin azinciphisi nje kuphela i-cholesterol embi ye-LDL, kodwa zikwanceda ekunciphiseni i-triglycerides, olunye uhlobo lwamafutha egazini, kwaye zonyusa kancinci amanqanaba e-cholesterol elungileyo ye-HDL.
La mayeza adla ngokumiselwa ukuba athathwe kanye ngemini, ngaxeshanye. Amanye ama-statin asebenza kakuhle xa ethathwa ebusuku. Oku kungenxa yokuba imizimba yethu ivelisa i-cholesterol eninzi ebusuku. Nangona kunjalo, amanye ama-statin amatsha asebenza kakuhle xa ethathwa nangaliphi na ixesha losuku. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela oku.
Eli yeza lisebenza njani emzimbeni?
Eli libali elinomdla kakhulu. Khawuthelekelele ukuba isibindi sakho sesona sityalo siphambili esenza i-cholesterol. Enyanisweni, i-75% ye-cholesterol esiyidingayo emzimbeni wethu iveliswa kwisibindi sethu. Eseleyo ivela ekutyeni esikutyayo.
Ngoko ke, isibindi sine-enzyme ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo yokwenza i-cholesterol. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-'HMG-CoA reductase'. Iyeza le-'Statin' lisebenza njengomlindi-sango, lithintela i-enzyme ye-'HMG-CoA reductase' ukuba ingafiki esibindini. Emva koko isibindi silahlekelwa yinto eluhlaza esiyidingayo ukuze senze i-cholesterol. Ngenxa yoko, ubungakanani be-cholesterol eveliswa sisibindi buyancipha kakhulu. Uyaqonda?
Ngamafutshane, 'iStatin' sisiyobisi esinciphisa ubungakanani be-cholesterol embi egazini ngokuphazamisa ukuveliswa kwe-cholesterol esibindini.
Kutheni sifuna 'amaStatins'?
Isizathu esiphambili kukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye nestroke.
Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, xa i-cholesterol embi isanda egazini, ibekwa eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi. Kwizonyango, oku sikubiza ngokuba yi -'Atherosclerosis' . I-cholesterol eqokelelana ngale ndlela ibizwa ngokuba yi-'plaque'. Oku kunciphisa indawo ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi kwaye kuthintele ukuhamba kwegazi.
Khawucinge ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umthambo ohambisa igazi entliziyweni uvaleke ngolu hlobo? Intliziyo ayifumani ioksijini kunye nezondlo ezifunekayo. Oko kukhokelela ekuhlaselweni yintliziyo. Kwaye ukuba le 'plaque' iqhuma kumthambo ohambisa igazi engqondweni kwaye kuvele ihlwili legazi, ibangela isifo sohlangothi.
Iistatins zinciphisa i-cholesterol, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wezi meko ziyingozi.
Ziziphi iintlobo 'ze-statins' ezisetyenziswa kakhulu?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo 'ze-statins'. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika uhlobo olufanele wena, ecinga ngemeko yakho yempilo, amanqanaba e-cholesterol, kunye nezinye izinto.
| Igama eliqhelekileyo elithi 'Statin' | Amagama eeMveliso aqhelekileyo |
|---|---|
| I-Atorvastatin | I-Lipitor®, iCaduet® |
| I-Rosuvastatin | I-Crestor®, i-Ezallor Sprinkle® |
| I-Simvastatin | Zocor®, Vytorin® (kunye ne-ezetimibe) |
| IPravastatin | IPravachol® |
| I-Lovastatin | I-Mevacor® |
| I-Fluvastatin | I-Lescol® |
Ngamanye amaxesha 'i-statin' iza kwipilisi enye nenye iyeza. Umzekelo, iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-ezetimibe kunye ne-simvastatin.
Ngubani ocetyiswayo ukuba athathe 'amaStatins'?
Ugqirha uza kukunika i-statin ngokusekelwe kumngcipheko wakho wesifo sentliziyo. Oku kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka ubudala bakho, isini, imbali yosapho lwakho, kunye nokuba uyatshaya na. Ii-statin zihlala zicetyiswa kubantu abalandelayo:
- Kwabo bangakwaziyo ukunciphisa amanqanaba abo e-cholesterol (ingakumbi amanqanaba e-LDL angaphezu kwe-190 mg/dL) nangona besitya ukutya okunempilo kunye nokuzilolonga .
- Kubantu abanesifo seswekile kwaye abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-40-75 ubudala, abanezinga le-cholesterol ye-LDL elingaphezulu kwe-70 mg/dL.
- Kwabo sele benesifo sentliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, okanye isifo semithambo yegazi ejikeleze umqolo (i-PAD) .
- Kubantu abaneminyaka engama-40-75 ubudala abanezinga le-LDL elingaphezulu kwe-70 mg/dL, abasengozini enkulu yesifo sentliziyo.
- Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho (abazali, abantakwabo noodadewabo) oye waba nesifo sentliziyo esemncinci kwaye unezinga eliphezulu le-cholesterol.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga koku?
Le yingxaki kubantu abaninzi. Liyinyaniso elokuba, njengayo nayiphi na imithi, ii-statins zinokuba nemiphumo emibi. Kodwa into ebalulekileyo kukuba uninzi lwabantu alufumani miphumo emibi. Nemiphumo emibi emincinci eyenzekayo iya kuphela njengoko amayeza eqhubeka.
| Imiphumela | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo (ezidla ngokungabalulekanga kangako) | |
| Intlungu yemisipha kunye namalungu | Esi sesona siphumo sixhaphakileyo. Sisenokuvakala ngathi yintlungu eqhelekileyo. |
| Intloko ebuhlungu | Intloko ebuhlungu kancinci ingenzeka. |
| Iingxaki zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya | Kusenokubakho isicaphucaphu, ukudumba, ukurhawuzelela, okanye ukuqhina. |
| Ayibonakali imiphumo emibi kakhulu (ifuna ingcebiso kagqirha) | |
| Umonakalo wesibindi | Iimpawu ezinje ngokutyheli kwamehlo (i-jaundice), umchamo omnyama, kunye nokudinwa kakhulu. |
| I-Rhabdomyolysis | Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu . Iimpawu ziquka iintlungu eziqatha emqolo, ubuthathaka, kunye nomchamo onombala omnyama. |
| Amanqanaba eswekile egazini anyukileyo | Le ngozi inokwanda kancinci kwabo basengozini yokuba nesifo seswekile. |
Kubalulekile: Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ungaze uyeke ukuthatha amayeza akho wedwa. Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo. Usenokukwazi ukusombulula ingxaki ngokutshintsha uhlobo lwe-statin oyithathayo okanye ngokulungisa idosi.
Ngaba kukho abantu abangafanele bathathe ii-statins?
Ewe. Ii-statin azikhuthazwa kubafazi abakhulelweyo, oomama abancancisayo, kunye nabantu abanezifo ezithile zesibindi ezinzulu. Kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho nangayiphi na eminye imithi oyithathayo. Iijusi zeziqhamo, ngakumbi ijusi yegrapefruit kunye ne-pomegranate, zinokusebenzisana nezinye ii-statin, ngoko ke buza ugqirha wakho ngaloo nto.
Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uyeka ukusebenzisa amayeza?
Wakuba uyekile ukuthatha i-statin, amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol abuyela kwindawo awayekuyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba umngcipheko wakho wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye ne-stroke uyanyuka kwakhona. Ngoko ke ngokuqhelekileyo liyeza lobomi bonke.
Ixesha lokubona ugqirha ngoko nangoko
Ukuba ufumana naziphi na ezi mpawu zilandelayo ngelixa uthatha i-statin, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukuba uziva unganyamezeleki, intlungu eqatha okanye ubuthathaka kwimisipha okanye amalungu akho.
- Ukuba umzimba wakho uneentlungu ezibangelwa ngumkhuhlane .
- EyakhoUkuba amehlo okanye ulusu lwakho lubonakala lutyheli (i-jaundice).
- Ukuba umchamo wakho ujika ube mnyama, faka amagqabi eti emanzini .
Kwimeko enjalo, kungcono ukuya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iistatins ludidi olusebenzayo kakhulu lwamayeza anciphisa i-cholesterol embi (LDL) kwaye anciphise umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye nesifo sohlangothi.
- Eli yeza lisebenza ngokuthintela isibindi ekuveliseni i-cholesterol.
- Nokuba uthatha i-statin, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhubeka nokutya okunempilo kunye nokuzilolonga. Musa ukucinga ukuba kuba nje uthatha amayeza, ungatya nantoni na oyifunayo.
- Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, thetha nogqirha wakho ngaphandle kokuyeka amayeza.
- Ungaze uyeke ukuthatha i-statin ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho, kuba oku kuya kwandisa iingozi zempilo yakho kwakhona.
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