Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kukho iiseli zomlingo 'zejoker' ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu ezinokuba yinto nayiphi na? Oko kukuthi, iiseli ezikhethekileyo ezinokuba yiseli yegazi, iseli yamathambo, okanye iseli yemisipha xa kufuneka. Ezo seli zezo sizibiza ngokuba ziiseli ze-stem . Ezi ziziseko zokwakha imizimba yethu. Zinokwenza iikopi zazo. Yiyo loo nto singaze siphelelwe zezi seli emizimbeni yethu. Kwakhona, ezi seli ze-stem zinceda ekulungiseni izicubu emizimbeni yethu xa zonakele.
Ngamafutshane, zingaphi iintlobo zeeseli eziqalayo ezikhoyo?
Xa sijonga ii-stem cells ezisemizimbeni yethu kunye nezo zenziwe kwiilabhoratri ngabaphandi bezonyango, singathetha ngeentlobo ezintathu eziphambili. Ezi zibaluleke kakhulu, ngoko masizijonge ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.
| Uhlobo lweseli yesiqu | Kwenzeka ntoni ngale nto? |
|---|---|
| Iiseli zeSiseko se-Embryonic | Ezi ziindawo apho sonke siqala khona ubomi bethu. Ezi seli zikwi-embryonic eyenzeka xa kudibana isidoda neqanda. Zifana nezitena zokuqala kwisakhiwo. Ezi seli zinokuba yiyo nayiphi na uhlobo lweseli emzimbeni wethu. Ezi seli ze-embryonic zinamandla okwenza iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200 zeeseli emzimbeni wethu. |
| Iiseli zeStem zabantu abadala | Ezi seli zifumaneka kwiithishu ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni wakho. Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukutshintsha iiseli ezonakeleyo nokwenza iiseli ezintsha kunye nokulungisa izicubu. Umzekelo, iiseli ze-hematopoietic stem kwi-bone marrow zigcina iiseli zethu zegazi kunye nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Iiseli ze-Mesenchymal stem , ezifumaneka kwiithishu ezahlukeneyo, zinyamekela izinto ezifana nethambo, i-cartilage, imisipha kunye namafutha. |
| Iiseli zeStem zePluripotent ezikhuthaziweyo (ii-iPSC) | Ezi ziiseli ezikhethekileyo ezenziwe kwilebhu. Abaphandi bathatha iiseli ze-stem zabantu abadala abazinikiweyo baze baziguqule ukuze zisebenze njengeeseli ze-stem ze-embryonic. Oko kuthetha ukuba zinokuba naluphi na uhlobo lweseli. Olu luphuhliso olukhulu kwezonyango. |
Ngoko ke zeziphi iingenelo ezisinikwa zezi stem cells?
Ii-stem cells azizo nje izakhi zomzimba wethu. Zibaluleke kakhulu kubaphandi bezonyango. Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoko.
- Qonda indlela izifo ezikhula ngayo: Abaphandi banokukhulisa ii-stem cells kwilebhu baze bazibukele zitshintsha, nto leyo enokubanceda baqonde indlela izifo ezithile ezikhula ngayo kwizicubu ezithile nakwizitho zomzimba.
- Fumanisa unyango olutsha: Uphando lwenziwa kwiiseli ze-stem, ezilungisa okanye zivuselele iintlobo ezithile zeeseli, ezifana neeseli zegazi okanye iiseli zamathambo. Kukho ithemba elikhulu lokuba olu phando luya kukhokelela kwiindlela ezintsha zokunyanga izifo.
- Vavanya amayeza amatsha: Ngaphambi kokuba unike abantu iyeza elitsha, kusetyenziswa ii-stem cells ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba zikhuselekile kwaye ziyasebenza.
Ngamafutshane, ii-stem cells zizixhobo ezimangalisayo ezinokusinceda sifumane izizathu zezifo size sifumane unyango lwazo.
Sizifumana njani ezi stem cells ukuze ziphandwe?
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufumana ezi seli zixabisekileyo ukuze kwenziwe uphando, zonke ezenziwa phantsi kwemithetho engqongqo kunye nokuziphatha.
- Kwizicubu zomntu ezinikelweyo (eziqulethe iiseli zesiqu zabantu abadala).
- Ukusuka kwigazi elivela kwi-umbilical cord elikhutshwa emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe (ezi ziqulathe ii-stem cells ezenza igazi).
- Kwi-embryos ezisetyenziselwa i-In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), nakwezo zigciniweyo kwaye zinikelwe kuphando.
- Ukusuka kwiiseli ze-``(iPSCs)`` ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa kwilebhu.
Zeziphi izifo ezisetyenziselwa iStem Cell Therapy ngoku?
Unyango lweeseli ze-stem luselukhula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa sele lusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwezinye iimeko zonyango. Makhe sijonge ukuba ziyintoni na.
| Imeko yezonyango | Indlela yokunyanga |
|---|---|
| Umhlaza Wegazi | Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem lunyango olukhulu lomhlaza wegazi olufana ne -leukemia , i-multiple myeloma, kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-lymphoma (i-non-Hodgkin lymphoma) . Kule nkqubo, kunikwa iiseli ze-stem eziphilileyo ukuze zithathe indawo yomongo wethambo womguli owonakeleyo. |
| Izifo Zegazi | Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem kukwasetyenziswa njengonyango lweengxaki zegazi, ezifana nezinye iintlobo ze- anemia . |
| Amathambo Aphukileyo | Ii-bone grafts, ezenziwe ngee-mesenchymal stem cells (ii-MSC) kunye nezinye izinto, zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga ezinye iingozi ezinzima. |
Ukongeza, abaphandi bafunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba kungasetyenziswa njani ii-MSC njengonyango lwe-osteoarthritis, isifo samalungu esiwohlokayo.
Ngaba iiseli zethu ze-stem zingonakaliswa?
Ewe, ezinye iimeko zonyango zingonakalisa iiseli ze-stem emizimbeni yethu, ingakumbi iiseli ze-stem ezenza igazi kumongo wethambo. Umzekelo:
- I-anemia ye-Aplastic
- I-Leukemia
- I-myeloma eninzi
- Iingxaki zeMyeloproliferative
Ezi zifo zichaphazela umongo wethambo, zinciphisa amandla awo okuvelisa iiseli zegazi ezisempilweni.
Ngaba singazikhulisa iiseli zethu ze-stem ngokwendalo?
Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo. Uphando luyaqhubeka ukuze kubonwe ukuba ukuthatha iivithamini ezithile kunokunceda na umzimba ukuba wenze iiseli ezinde. Nangona kunjalo, akukabikho sigqibo sicacileyo okwangoku. Ke ngoko, musa ukuthatha naziphi na iivithamini okanye izongezo ocinga ukuba ziya kwandisa iiseli ezinde ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha wakho.
Imizimba yethu yindalo emangalisayo eyenziwe ziitriliyoni zeeseli. Kwezo seli, iiseli ze-stem zezona ntlobo zeeseli ezinokwenza iikopi ezingenakubalwa zazo kwaye zibe zezinye iintlobo zeeseli. Yiyo loo nto zixabiseke kangaka. Ekubeni sele zisetyenziswa njengonyango olusindisa ubomi kwizifo ezifana nomhlaza wegazi, oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba iiseli ze-stem ziya kuba sisitshixo sokunyanga ezinye izifo ezininzi kwixesha elizayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iiseli ze-stem ziiseli 'eziphambili' ezinokuba yiyo nayiphi na uhlobo lweseli emzimbeni wethu.
- Ezi zibalulekile ekukhuleni komzimba, ekulungisweni kwezicubu ezonakeleyo, nasekugcinweni kwempilo.
- Unyango lwee-stem cell okwangoku lusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kumhlaza wegazi, izifo zegazi, kunye nokuqhekeka kwamathambo.
- Ngokuhambela phambili kwesayensi yezonyango, kukho ithemba elikhulu lokuba ii-stem cells ziya kukwazi ukunyanga ezinye izifo ezininzi kwixesha elizayo.
- Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nonyango lwee-stem cell, soloko uqhagamshelana neengcali zonyango ezifanelekileyo, njengogqirha wakho. Musa ukuthembela kulwazi olungaqinisekiswanga olufumaneka kwi-Intanethi okanye kwenye indawo.
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