Ngaba wakha waxelelwa ngugqirha wakho wosapho ukuba, "Masibonise oku kwingcali yegazi" xa ufumana ingxelo yegazi? Usenokuba woyika kancinci xa usiva loo nto. "Owu, ngaba ndinento enzulu?" Usenokuba wacinga. Kodwa ungoyiki. Akunjalo ngalo lonke ixesha xa ucelwa ukuba uye kwingcali yegazi, ugqirha ogxile kwizifo zegazi, yinto enzulu. Namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba ngubani ingcali yegazi, benza ntoni, kwaye yintoni ekufuneka uyazi ukuba kuya kufuneka uye kuyo.
Ngamafutshane, ngubani lo Hematologist?
Ingcali ye-hematologist ngugqirha ogxile kwizifo ezinxulumene negazi, umongo wamathambo, kunye nenkqubo ye-lymphatic yomzimba wethu. Enyanisweni, le yenye ingcali ye-Internal Medicine.
Cinga ngale ndlela: igazi elisemizimbeni yethu lifana nothungelwano lweendlela ezihamba kwilizwe. Kukule ndlela apho imizimba yethu ithwala khona ioksijini kunye nezondlo kuwo onke amalungu omzimba, kwaye ikwasusa nenkunkuma. Ukuba kukho ingxaki ngale nkqubo, ingcali yegazi ikhona ukuze iyixilonge, ifumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye engalunganga, ize iyinyange.
Ziyaxilonga, zinyange, kwaye zilawule iintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo ezinxulumene negazi. Ezinye zezi zifo zinokuba ziimeko ezingengomhlaza (ezingezizo zomhlaza), ngelixa ezinye zinokuba yingozi (umhlaza). Zikwanyanga neemeko ezifana neengxaki zokujiya kwegazi kunye nokopha kakhulu.
Ngaba i-Hematologist kunye ne-Oncologist ngabantu ababini abahlukeneyo? Okanye ngaba bangumntu omnye?
Le yinto abantu abaninzi abayididekanga. Ingcali ye-hematologist kunye nengcali yomhlaza ayingomntu omnye ngokuyimfuneko , kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha omnye unokuba nolwazi kuzo zombini ezi nkalo.
Makhe sibone umahluko:
- Ugqirha womhlaza: Aba ngoogqirha abaziingcali kumhlaza. Oku kuthetha ukuba banyanga zonke iintlobo zomhlaza ezinokubakho naphi na emzimbeni.
- Ingcali yeHematologist: Bagxila kuphela kwizifo ezinxulumene negazi, umongo wethambo, kunye nenkqubo ye-lymphatic.
Ngoku usenokuba ucinga, "Ngubani ojongana nomhlaza okhula egazini?" Ewe, kulapho la macandelo mabini adibana khona. Iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza, ezifana ne-leukemia kunye ne-lymphoma, zivela kwiiseli zethu zegazi okanye kumongo wethambo. Ke ngoko, ingcali ye-hematologist ikwanazo neengcali kwimichiza enxulumene negazi. Yiyo loo nto abanye oogqirha begxile kuzo zombini ezi nkalo njengo "Hematologist-Oncologist."
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba, ukuba uxelelwe ukuba uye kwi-hematologist, akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza.
Ixesha elininzi, ugqirha wakho wosapho uza kukuthumela kwi-hematologist kuphela ukuba ubona into engaqhelekanga kwiingxelo zakho zovavanyo lwegazi. Oku kungaba lutshintsho kwinani leeseli zakho zegazi okanye utshintsho kumanqanaba akho okujiya kwegazi. Utshintsho oluncinci kwezi ngxelo zisisiseko alusoloko luphawu lwesifo esinzulu. Baza kukuthumela kwingcali ukuze ihlolisise kakuhle.
Ziziphi izifo eziqhelekileyo ezinyangwa yingcali ye-hematologist?
Igazi lethu linamacandelo aliqela aphambili. Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zithwala ioksijini emzimbeni, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi zisikhusela kwizifo, kwaye iiplatelets ziyeka ukopha. Ukuba ukusebenza kwenye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi nxalenye kuyaphazamiseka, sibiza ngokuba sisifo esinxulumene negazi. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezi ntlobo zezifo.
| Izifo zegazi ezingalunganga | |
|---|---|
| I-anemia | Ukunqongophala kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo zokuthwala ioksijini emzimbeni wonke. I-anemia yokunqongophala kwe-iron yeyona ixhaphakileyo. |
| IiThalassemia | Esi sisifo esidluliselwa kwilifa. Sichaphazela amandla omzimba okwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni kunye ne-hemoglobin. Sisifo esisiva rhoqo eSri Lanka. |
| I-Hemophilia | Esi sisifo esizuzwa njengelifa. Oku kwenza kube buthathaka inkqubo yokujiya kwegazi. Kwanesilonda esincinci sinokubangela ukopha kakhulu. |
| Isifo sikaVon Willebrand | Le ikwayingxaki eqhelekileyo yokopha. |
| I-anemia yeseli yesickle | Isifo esidluliselwa kwilifa esibangelwa kukutshintsha kwesimo seeseli ezibomvu zegazi. |
| Izifo zegazi eziyingozi | |
| I-Leukemia | Umhlaza wegazi oqala kumongo wethambo. Uxhaphake kakhulu ebantwaneni nakubantu abadala abancinci. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango lwangoku, izinga lokunyangwa liye landa kakhulu. |
| I-Lymphoma | Umhlaza owenzeka kwinkqubo ye-lymphatic. |
| I-Myeloma | Uhlobo lomhlaza oluchaphazela iiseli zeplasma kumongo wethambo. |
Yintoni omele uyilindele xa ubona ingcali ye-hematologist?
Ukuba unedinga lokubonana nogqirha wegazi, kungcono ukulungiselela kancinci ngaphambi kokuba uhambe. Uninzi lwexesha, ugqirha uya kwenza oku kulandelayo:
- Buza ngempilo yakho iyonke: ezinye izifo onazo, amayeza owaselayo, kunye nokuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakho onazo ezi zifo.
- Buza ngeempawu zakho: utshintsho emzimbeni wakho, ukudinwa, utshintsho kumbala wolusu, umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, kunye nokwehla kobunzima.
- Uvavanyo lwakho lwegazi luza kuhlolwa: Zisa uvavanyo lwakho lwegazi oludala uze ulubonise ugqirha. Ugqirha uza kuluhlola ngononophelo aze akuchazele ukuba amaxabiso athetha ukuthini.
- Igqiba ukuba ingaba kufuneka ezinye iimvavanyo na: Ungacelwa ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwegazi olukhethekileyo okanye uvavanyo lomongo wamathambo ukuze ufumanise isifo ngokuchanekileyo.
- Uxoxa ngokuxilongwa kunye nonyango: Ukuba isifo sifunyenwe, siya kucaciswa ngokupheleleyo kuwe kwaye iindlela zonyango ezinokubakho ziya kuxoxwa nawe.
Uvavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo oluyalelwe yingcali yegazi
Olu vavanyo lunceda ugqirha ukuba afumanise isifo ngokuchanekileyo. Ungacelwa ukuba wenze nezinye zazo.
| Igama lovavanyo | Ngamafutshane, ubona ntoni kule nto? |
|---|---|
| Inani elipheleleyo legazi (i-CBC) | Olu lolona vavanyo lwegazi lusisiseko. Lulinganisa inani leeseli ezibomvu, iiseli ezimhlophe, kunye neeplatelets. |
| Uvavanyo lokwahluka kwegazi | Inani leentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (umz. ii-neutrophils, ii-lymphocytes) lilinganiswa ngokwahlukeneyo. |
| Uvavanyo lwexesha leProthrombin (PTT) | Ilinganisa ixesha elithathayo ukuze igazi lakho lijiye. |
| Ukutshiza igazi okujikeleze i-peripheral (PBS) | Ithontsi legazi lithanjiswe kwislayidi yeglasi lize lihlolwe ngemakroskopu ukuze kuhlolwe imilo kunye nenkangeleko yeeseli zegazi. |
Imibuzo ebalulekileyo yokubuza ugqirha wakho
Xa usiya kugqirha, kubalulekile ukubuza yonke imibuzo onayo. Musa ukoyika okanye uzive uneentloni. Oku kumalunga nempilo yakho. Ukuze sikuncede, nantsi eminye imibuzo onokuyibuza:
- "Gqirha, yintoni ingxaki kwingxelo yam yegazi? Ithetha ukuthini?"
- "Ucinga ukuba ndinokuba naso na isifo esinjani?"
- "Ingaba le yimeko enzima?"
- "Ingaba yintoni isizathu sale nto?"
- "Zeziphi iimpawu ezithile ekufuneka ndizijonge?"
- "Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze ezinye iimvavanyo? Bafuna ntoni?"
- "Ngaba ndifuna unyango? Luhlobo luni lonyango olufumanekayo?"
- "Unyango luqala nini? Luthatha ixesha elingakanani?"
- "Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kumayeza endiwanikwayo?"
Kuya kuba luncedo ukubhala le mibuzo ephepheni. Bhala neempendulo ezimfutshane ezinikwa ngugqirha.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ingcali ye-hematologist ngugqirha ogxile kwizifo ezinxulumene negazi, umongo wethambo, kunye nenkqubo ye-lymphatic.
- Ukuthi uthunyelwe kwi-hematologist akuthethi ukuba unomhlaza. Zininzi iimeko ezingezizo zomhlaza, ezifana ne-anemia.
- Xa undwendwela ugqirha wakho, ungoyiki ukubuza nayiphi na imibuzo onayo. Kufuneka ube nokuqonda kakuhle imeko yakho kunye nonyango lwakho.
- Musa ukoyika kuba nje ubona utshintsho kuvavanyo lwegazi. Oogqirha abaziingcali bakhona ukuze bahlolisise kakuhle baze benze oko kufunekayo.
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