Xa usiva igama elithi "umhlaza," igama elilandelayo eliza engqondweni mhlawumbi "yi-chemotherapy." Sonke siyazi ukuba kunzima kwaye kubuhlungu kangakanani ukunyanga. Sihlala sicinga ngayo njengokulahlekelwa ziinwele kunye nomzimba ongenabomi. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba isayensi yezonyango ihambele phambili kakhulu kangangokuba iphuhlise unyango olutsha olujolise kuphela kwiiseli zomhlaza kwaye lunciphise umonakalo kwiiseli eziphilileyo? Lelo lolunye lonyango oluthile noluphambili esiza kuthetha ngalo namhlanje. Lubizwa ngokuba yi -Targeted Therapy .
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iTargeted Therapy?
Khawuthelekelele ukulahla iibhombu kwiintshaba ngexesha lemfazwe. Xa ulahla ibhombu eqhelekileyo, kungekuphela nje iintshaba kodwa nabantu abangenazo izixhobo kunye nezindlu ezibangqongileyo ziyatshatyalaliswa. I-chemotherapy ifana noko. Ibulala iiseli zomhlaza, kodwa inokonakalisa neeseli eziphilileyo emzimbeni wethu ezahlukana ngokukhawuleza (umzekelo, iiseli zeenwele, iiseli zomlomo).
Kodwa, khawucinge nje ukuba kukho umntu odubula ngesibhamu, ujonga ngqo kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo aze adubule utshaba kuphela. Akukho mntu uza kwenzakala. Yiloo nto eyenziwa yiTargeted Therapy .
Unyango olujoliswe kwiTargeted yindlela yonyango ephucukileyo kakhulu echonga iimpawu ezithile zeeseli zomhlaza, izijolise kuzo, kwaye itshabalalise umhlaza ngelixa inciphisa umonakalo kwiiseli eziphilileyo. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yiPrecision Medicine.
Kolu nyango, ingcali yakho yomhlaza iqala ijonge utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo oluguqule iseli eqhelekileyo emzimbeni wakho yaba yiseli yomhlaza. Emva koko, ichonga iindawo ezithile ezikummandla okanye ngaphakathi kwiseli yomhlaza ezibangelwa lutshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo, kwaye ikhethe amayeza ahlasela ezo ndawo kuphela.
Lusebenza njani kanye kanye olu nyango?
Ukuze sikuqonde oku, masiqale siqonde indlela umhlaza okhula ngayo.
Yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu inemiyalelo ethile. Siyibiza ngokuba yi-DNA. Ifana nencwadi yeresiphi yokupheka. Imiyalelo ekule ncwadi ixelela iseli ukuba yahlule, ikhule, kwaye ife ngexesha elithile.
Xa umhlaza uvela, ngesizathu esithile imiyalelo ekule ncwadi yeresiphi ayisebenzi kakuhle. Oko kuthetha ukuba kukho utshintsho (utshintsho) kwiijini. Emva koko iiseli ziqala ukwahlukana ngendlela engalawulekiyo. Yiloo nto iba ngumhlaza.
Kwi-Targeted Therapy, oogqirha basebenza ngokuqonda le nkqubo inyathelo ngenyathelo:
1. Ukufumana imiyalelo engalunganga: Okokuqala, iimvavanyo zifumana ukuba yeyiphi kanye kanye imiyalelo engalunganga yemfuza, oko kukuthi, utshintsho lwemfuza , olukwiiseli zakho zomhlaza.
2.Ukukhetha iithagethi: Okulandelayo, sichonga ukuba zeziphi iiproteni ezithile okanye ezinye iimolekyuli ezenziwe kwiseli yomhlaza okanye ngaphakathi kuyo ngenxa yale miyalelo iphosakeleyo. Leyo "yithagethi" yethu.
3. Ukuyila iyeza elifanelekileyo: Okulandelayo, iyeza lenzelwe ukubopha kwindawo echongiweyo. Eli yeza linokubulala iseli yomhlaza okanye livale iindlela zokuhambisa imiyalezo ezinceda iseli yahlukane.
Ngenxa yokuba unyango lujoliswe ngqo ngale ndlela, isiphumo kwiiseli ezisempilweni sincinci kakhulu.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zonyango olujoliswe kulo?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zale ndlela yonyango. Zihlulwe ngokwendlela ezisebenza ngayo. Nazi ezinye zeentlobo eziphambili:
- Amayeza eemolekyuli ezincinci: La ngamayeza amancinci kakhulu, ngoko ke anokungena kwiiseli zomhlaza, ahlasele iithagethi ngaphakathi kwiseli, aze amise ukukhula kweeseli.
- Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Le yindlela eyahlukileyo kancinci. Esikwenzayo apha kukuvuselela amasosha omzimba ethu ukuba atshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza. Kukho ezinye iindlela zonyango ezininzi phantsi kwesi sixhobo.
- Ii-antibodies ze-Monoclonal: Ezi ziiproteni ezikhethekileyo ezenziwe kwilebhu, njengee-antibodies ezenziwa yimizimba yethu. Zinokunamathela kwiindawo ezijoliswe kuzo kumphezulu weeseli zomhlaza kwaye zinike imiqondiso kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba itshabalalise umhlaza.
- Ii-antibody-drug conjugates: Le yindlela ekrelekrele kakhulu. Apha, ichiza elinamandla le-chemo lincamathiselwa kwi-monoclonal antibody. Nje ukuba i-antibody ifumane iseli yomhlaza efanelekileyo kwaye inamathele kuyo, ichiza likhutshwa ngqo kwiseli yomhlaza. Lifana nephasela, lisiwa kwindawo efanelekileyo.
Zeziphi iintlobo zomhlaza ezinyangwa ngempumelelo ngolu nyango?
Unyango olujoliswe ekujoliswe kulo alunakusetyenziswa kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje le ndlela yonyango isetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwiintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza. Ezinye zazo zezi:
- Umhlaza webele
- Umhlaza wemiphunga
- Umhlaza weprostate
- Umhlaza wegazi (umz. iMultiple myeloma, iAcute leukemia)
- Umhlaza wolusu (umz. iMelanoma)
- Umhlaza weColoral
- Umhlaza wezintso
- Umhlaza we-thyroid
- Umhlaza wentloko nentamo
- Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko
Olu luhlu lukhula yonke imihla, njengoko uphando luhlala lufumanisa utshintsho olutsha lwemfuza kunye namayeza ajolisa kuzo.
Unyango lunikwa njani kwaye yintoni onokuyilindela?
Ngoku kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 zamayeza onyango ajoliswe kuwo. Indlela ofumana ngayo olu nyango inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza wakho, uhlobo lweyeza, kunye nezigqibo zikagqirha wakho.
- Njengepilisi: Amanye amayeza eza ngohlobo lweepilisi onokuzisela ekhaya.
- Njengesitofu: Ezinye zinikwa emzimbeni njengesitofu.
- I-Intravenous (IV): Ngokuqhelekileyo, olu nyango lunikezelwa emzimbeni ngemithambo yegazi, njenge-saline.
Iishedyuli zonyango nazo ziyahluka. Kusenokufuneka uthathe unyango lwemihla ngemihla, lweveki, okanye lwenyanga. Ezinye iindlela zonyango zifuna ixesha elide, ngelixa ezinye zigqitywa ngexesha elithile.
Ngexesha lonyango lwakho, ugqirha wakho uza kukujonga rhoqo. Unokwenza uvavanyo lwegazi kunye nee-CT scans ukujonga ukuba unyango lusebenza kakuhle kangakanani na kunye nendlela oziva ngayo. Uya kuba nethuba lokuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na ingxaki onokuba unayo ngexesha lonyango lwakho.
Umahluko oPhambili phakathi kweKhemotherapy kunye noNyango oluThagethiweyo
Umbuzo abantu abaninzi abanawo ngowokuba yeyiphi kwezi ndlela zimbini engcono. Ukuze siqonde oko, makhe sijonge umahluko phakathi kwezi ndlela zimbini.
| Uphawu | Unyango olujoliswe kulo | Unyango ngamakhemikhali |
|---|---|---|
| Ingaba isebenza kanjani | Ihlasela kuphela iindawo ezithile kwiiseli zomhlaza (njengohlaselo lwe-sniper) | Itshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli ezahlula ngokukhawuleza (ezinomhlaza nezisempilweni). (Njengohlaselo lwebhombu) |
| Impembelelo kwiiseli eziphilileyo | Mhlawumbi incinci. | Ukugqithisa kakhulu kunokonakalisa iinwele, ulusu, kunye neeseli zendlela yokugaya ukutya. |
| Imiphumela | Iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lonyango (umz. ukurhawuzelela eluswini, urhudo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu). | Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukuhlanza, isicaphucaphu, ukulahleka kweenwele, kunye nokudinwa. |
| Uhlengahlengiso | Kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zemfuza zomhlaza. Akulungelani wonke umntu. | Ingasetyenziselwa iintlobo ezininzi zomhlaza. |
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba akukho nyango "lungcono". Ugqirha wakho uya kumisela unyango olufanelekileyo nolusebenzayo kuwe. Kwezinye iimeko, zombini ezi ndlela zonyango zingasetyenziswa kunye.
Masiqaphele nemiphumo emibi.
Nangona unyango olujoliswe kulo lunciphisa umonakalo kwiiseli eziphilileyo, alunazo iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ziyahluka ukusuka kwiyeza ukuya kwelinye nakwabanye abantu. Ezinye zeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Urhudo: Indle ekhululekileyo.
- Iingxaki zesikhumba: ulusu olomileyo, ukurhawuzelela, ukurhawuzelela.
- Ii-enzymes zesibindi eziphakamileyo: Oku kunokubonwa ngovavanyo lwegazi.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi: Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu .
- Amahlwili egazi: Ingozi yokuba amahlwili egazi avele kwimithambo yegazi.
- Isifo sentliziyo: Amanye amayeza anokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwentliziyo.
- Ukuphola kwenxeba okulibazisekileyo.
- Ukopha kwamathumbu: Igazi elikwindle okanye kwindle emnyama.
- Utshintsho kumbala weenwele.
Musa ukoyika ukuva ezi zinto. Ugqirha wakho uza kukwazisa ngazo zonke ezi zinto. Kwakhona, uza kukunika amayeza afunekayo kunye neengcebiso zokulawula ezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yazo. Ukuba uziva ungakhululekanga, ungalibazisi ukuxelela ugqirha wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Unyango olujoliswe kwiTargeted luyindlela yonyango ephucukileyo kakhulu ejolise kuphela kwiiseli zomhlaza kwaye inciphisa umonakalo kwiiseli eziphilileyo.
- Olu nyango alufanelekanga kuwo wonke umhlaza okanye kuwo wonke umguli. Luxhomekeke kwiimpawu ezithile zemfuza zomhlaza wakho.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokwahluka kwi-chemotherapy. Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokubakho, kodwa iqela lakho lezonyango liza kukunceda uzilawule.
- Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho we-oncologist malunga nonyango olungcono lomhlaza wakho. Buza yonke imibuzo yakho kwaye ucacise naziphi na iintandabuzo onokuba nazo.
- Isayensi yezonyango iqhubela phambili imihla ngemihla. Ngoko ke, hlala unethemba lonyango lomhlaza.
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