Xa usiva igama elithi 'iswekile', ucinga ngeswekile ephezulu egazini, akunjalo? Yiloo nto abantu abaninzi abayaziyo. Kodwa namhlanje sithetha ngesifo esahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, esingaxhaphakanga kakhulu esinegama elifanayo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiDiabetes Insipidus (DI). Okwenzekayo kweli tyala asikokuba inqanaba leswekile egazini liyanyuka, kodwa kukuba kukho ingxaki ngolawulo lwamanzi emzimbeni.
Yintoni kanye kanye iDiabetes Insipidus (DI)?
Ngamafutshane, okwenzekayo apha kukuba i-hormone ethumela umyalezo kwizintso zethu, "Gcina amanzi afunekayo emzimbeni wakho, ungawakhuphi onke njengomchamo," iyancipha emzimbeni wethu, okanye izintso aziphenduli kuloo hormone.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, izintso azikwazi ukugcina amanzi emzimbeni. Ngenxa yoko, amanzi amaninzi emzimbeni aphuma ngomchamo. Ngoko ke uziva unxaniwe kakhulu. Esi sifo sifumana igama laso kuba umchamo ophumayo awunancasa imnandi kwaye ufana namanzi. Yiyo loo nto abanye abantu besibiza ngokuba "yi-water diabetes".
Ingaba le yimeko eyingozi?
Esi sisifo esidla ngokuba sisifo esiyingozi kakhulu nesisongela ubomi. Ukuba umntu omdala usela amanzi aneleyo, akunakwenzeka ukuba afe ngenxa yaso. Nangona kunjalo, sinokuba yingozi ngakumbi kubantwana abancinci, abantu abadala, okanye abo banezifo zengqondo. Kuba basenokungaziva benxaniwe kakuhle okanye basenokungakwazi ukucela amanzi.
Khawucinge nje, umntu ophilileyo ukhupha malunga ne-1-2 litre yomchamo ngosuku. Kodwa umntu one-DI unokukhupha umchamo ofikelela kwiilitha ezi-3-20 ngosuku! Oku kuchama kakhulu kubizwa ngokuba yi-"Polyuria". Oku kubangela ukuba umzimba ulahlekelwe ngamanzi amaninzi aze aphelelwe ngamanzi . Akupheleli apho, kodwa ibhalansi ye-"electrolytes", efana ne-"sodium" kunye ne-"potassium", ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo, nayo iyalahleka.
Iintlobo ezine eziphambili zesifo seswekile i-Insipidus (DI)
Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili zale meko. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezizathu ezahlukeneyo, unyango, kunye nemiphumo yexesha elide. Kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, ungayilawula kakuhle le meko ngengcebiso kagqirha wakho.
1. I-Central Diabetes Insipidus (i-Central Diabetes Insipidus)
Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba umzimba awuvelisi ngokwaneleyo i-hormone ethi ``vasopressin``, enceda ukugcina ulungelelwano lolwelo emzimbeni wethu.
Ukwenzakala entloko kunokuba yimbangela ephambili yoku.. Ukonakala kwenxalenye yengqondo eyenza i-hormone `vasopressin`, okanye kwi-pituitary gland eyigcinayo. Oku kunokubangelwa zizinto ezifana nosulelo, utyando, kunye neethumba zobuchopho. Ngamanye amaxesha, abantwana abancinci banokuzalwa benesi simo ngenxa yezizathu zemfuza.
I-Mild DI ngamanye amaxesha inokulawulwa ngokutya okune-sodium ephantsi. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi kufuneka bathathe i-hormone yokwenziwa ebizwa ngokuba yi-desmopressin. Le hormone ingathathwa njengepilisi, i-nasal spray, okanye i-injection.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthatha idosi echanekileyo ugqirha wakho akuxelele ukuba uyithathe kwaye ulawule ubungakanani bamanzi owaselayo. Ukusela amanzi amaninzi kunokubangela intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, kunye nokwehla okuyingozi kwamanqanaba e-sodium emzimbeni.
2. I-DI enxulumene nezintso (i-Nephrogen Diabetes Insipidus)
Okwenzekayo apha kukuba nangona ingqondo ivelisa i-hormone ethi `vasopressin` ngokufanelekileyo, izintso azikwazi 'ukuyiva' loo myalezo. Oko kuthetha ukuba izintso aziphenduli kuwo. Oku kunokuba khona ukususela ekuzalweni, okanye kunokuvela kamva.
Izinto ezinokubangela oku zezi:
- Isifo sezintso sexesha elide.
- Amanye amayeza. Umzekelo, amayeza afana ne-lithium, i-foscarnet, kunye ne-clozapine.
- Ukwanda kwamanqanaba e-calcium egazini (hypercalcemia).
- Ukwehla kwamanqanaba e-potassium egazini (hypokalemia).
- Ukuvaleka kwendlela yomchamo.
Ukuba unobangela wale meko unyangiwe, ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka ukuba unyangwe ngokupheleleyo le meko ye-DI.
3. I-DI (Dipsogenic Diabetes Insipidus) ebangelwa kukoma kakhulu
Oku kubangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwi-hypothalamus, iziko lokomela engqondweni, okubangela umnqweno wokusela amanzi ngokungalawulekiyo. Oku kunokubangelwa naziimeko ezithile zempilo yengqondo. Akukho nyango lusebenzayo loku okwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezifana nee-ice cubes kunye nee-mouthwash zinokunceda ekunciphiseni umlomo owomileyo. Enye ingozi eyingozi apha kukuba ukusela amanzi amaninzi kunokukhokelela ekunxileni ngamanzi .
4. Isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa i-Insipidus (DI) esenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa
Abafazi abaninzi banokuba nale meko kwiinyanga ezi-3 zokugqibela zokukhulelwa. Ibangelwa kukutshintsha kweehomoni okanye i-enzyme kwi-placenta ephula i-hormone vasopressin. Abo bathwele amawele basengozini enkulu kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo yimeko engephi kwaye iphela ngokupheleleyo kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe.
Ulawulo lwe-DI kunye neempawu ekufuneka uziqaphele
Izinto ezimbini ekufuneka sizixhalabele kakhulu kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwe-DI kukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokungalingani kwe-electrolyte . Kufuneka uhlale uqaphela iimpawu zezi zinto.
| Isilumkiso | Ithetha ntoni le nto? |
|---|---|
| Unxano olukhulu | Isibonakaliso esinamandla sokuba umzimba udinga amanzi angakumbi. |
| Umlomo owomileyo, imilebe, kunye nolusu | Uphawu lokuba amanqanaba olwelo emzimbeni ayehla. |
| Ukudinwa okanye isiyezi | Ingabangelwa kukuncipha koxinzelelo lwegazi okanye ukungoneli kwegazi ukuya engqondweni. |
| Ukuchama rhoqo ebusuku | Uphawu oluphambili lwesifo se-DI. |
| Umchamo omnyama okanye ukuncipha kokuchama | Oku kungaba luphawu lokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kakhulu kwaye kufuneka ufune iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza. |
| Ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo okanye okungaqhelekanga | Oku kunokubangelwa kukungalingani kwee-electrolytes emzimbeni. |
Ukuba unale mpawu, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wosapho lwakho ngokukhawuleza. Ngale meko, ungaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobunempilo ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nesikhokelo sezonyango.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo seswekile i-Insipidus (DI) asiso isifo seswekile esisaziyo sonke. Singxaki enxulumene nokulinganisela kwamanzi emzimbeni.
- Iimpawu eziphambili kukunxanwa kakhulu kunye nokuchama kakhulu.
- Le meko ayisoloko iyingozi kwaye inokulawulwa kakuhle ngonyango olufanelekileyo.
- Ukuba ucinga ukuba unale mpawu, musa ukucinga, kodwa qiniseka ukuba ubonana nogqirha.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusela amayeza njengoko ugqirha ewayalele kwaye usele amanzi njengoko uyalelwe.
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