Oogqirha abasindisa ubomi kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo: Ngubani uGqirha weTrauma?

Akukho namnye kuthi othanda iingozi, akunjalo? Kodwa ukuba ingozi yenzeke ngexesha elingalindelekanga, kukho iqela loogqirha abaziingcali abakhoyo ukusindisa ubomi bethu. Abo ngabo sibabiza ngokuba ngoogqirha abangoogqirha abasebenzisa i-trauma surgeons . Kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha ngokuba ngoobani aba gqirha, benza ntoni, kwaye babaluleke kangakanani ebomini bethu.

Ngubani uGqirha weTrauma?

Ngamafutshane, `(Ugqirha Weengxaki Zokuqaqanjelwa)` ngugqirha onobuchule obuphezulu owenza utyando olungxamisekileyo kwingozi ezinkulu kunye neemeko zonyango ezingxamisekileyo ezinokuba yingozi ebomini. Khawuthelekelele, ukuba wenze ingozi enkulu kwaye wonzakele kakhulu, lo `(Ugqirha Weengxaki Zokuqaqanjelwa)` yinkokeli yeqela lezonyango elikunyamekelayo. Eli qela linokubandakanya abasebenzi beyunithi ethi `Critical Care``, ezinye iingcali zotyando, njl. Kukwangumthwalo wabo ukujonga ukuba uphilile emva kotyando kwaye badibane nogqirha wakho wosapho (`Primary Care Physician`). Ngamanye amaxesha aba gqirha babizwa ngokuba ``Acute Care Surgeon`` okanye `Critical Care Surgeon``.

Zeziphi iingozi kunye nezifo eziphambili ezinyangwa zezi ngcali?

Ubusazi na ukuba minyaka le, izigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela ziyalimala kwiingozi zize ziphele zisezibhedlele? Le meko ayifani eSri Lanka. Nangona aba "ooGqirha bokuGweba abaNgxamisekileyo" beqeqeshwe ukunyanga iintlobo ngeentlobo zokulimala, kukho iimeko ezimbalwa abaqhele ukudibana nazo kwaye bazinyange:

Ukonzakala Kwamandla Angabonakaliyo

Ezi zizinto ezenzakalayo ezenzeka xa into ikubethela ngamandla (`Blunt Force Trauma`). Cinga ngezinto ezinje ngengozi yemoto, ukuwa kwindawo ephakamileyo, okanye into enzima ewela emzimbeni wakho. La ngamaxesha apho kufuneka utyando olungxamisekileyo. Kuba umonakalo ongaphakathi unokuba mkhulu kunokuba ubonakala ngaphandle.

Uxinzelelo Olungena Ngaphakathi

Le yingozi ebangelwa yinto ebukhali engene eluswini ize ingene emzimbeni (`Penetrating Trauma`). Imizekelo ibandakanya inxeba lokudutyulwa, inxeba lokuhlatywa ngemela okanye esinye isixhobo esibukhali, okanye ukugxojwa ngento ebukhali. Kwiingozi ezinjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyeka ukopha ngokukhawuleza nokujonga umonakalo kwizitho zangaphakathi.

Ukulimala Kokutsha

Aba gqirha banyanga ukutsha okukhulu okubangelwa ngumlilo, ulwelo olushushu, kunye nomphunga (`ukutsha okushushu`). Bakwanyanga ukutsha okubangelwa ziikhemikhali (`ukutsha kweekhemikhali`), umonakalo wemiphunga obangelwa kukuphefumla umsi onobuthi, kunye `nomkhenkce`, okukufa kolusu kunye nezicubu ngenxa yokubanda kakhulu.

Utyando Olungxamisekileyo kunye noNyango Olubalulekileyo

Uninzi `(Ugqirha Weengxaki)` kunye nabanyeBakwabandakanyeka kwiindlela zotyando ezingxamisekileyo. Umzekelo, banokwenza utyando kwiimeko ezisongela ubomi ezifana nokuvaleka kwamathumbu. Banokukunceda nokunyanga iimeko ezinzulu ezikhula ngelixa usesibhedlele, ezifana ne-sepsis (usulelo olunzima olubangelwa yityhefu egazini), ukusilela kokuphefumla, okanye ukusilela kwamalungu omzimba.

Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezingxamisekileyo kunye notyando oluqhelekileyo oluqhutywa ngaba gqirha?

Xa kwenzeka ingozi, "uGqirha weTrauma" wenza iintlobo ngeentlobo zonyango kunye notyando olusindisa ubomi, nokuba eyedwa okanye esebenzisana nezinye iingcali. Ezinye zazo ziquka:

• I-Emergency Thoracostomy: Le nkqubo (`Emergency Thoracostomy`) inokwenziwa ukuba umngxuma wesifuba sakho (ojikeleze imiphunga) uzele ligazi okanye ukuba umphunga uyawa ngequbuliso (`Lung Collapse`). Oku kuquka ukwenza umngxuma omncinci eluswini lwesifuba nokufaka ``Chest Tube``, ityhubhu, apho kususwa khona igazi okanye umoya.
• Utyando lwe-Emergency Thoracotomy: Olu lutyando olukhulu. Lwenziwa xa kuthe kwalimala esifubeni kakhulu, okanye xa kuthe kwalimala esifubeni. Isifuba siyavulwa kwaye amalungu omzimba awonakeleyo ayalungiswa.
• I-Emergency Laparotomy: Oku kuquka ukunqunyulwa kwesisu esiphakathi (`Emergency Laparotomy`). Oku kungenziwa ukunyanga ukwenzakala okukhulu kwesisu, ukunqanda ukopha ngaphakathi, okanye njengenxalenye ye-appendectomy engxamisekileyo.
• Ukopha kakhulu kunye nokulawula amanxeba: Xa ulusu lungena kwaye luphuma igazi elininzi ngenxa yezinto ezifana nenxeba lokudutyulwa, inxeba lokuhlatywa, okanye into ebukhali, omnye wemisebenzi ephambili yaba gqirha kukulawula ukopha, ukucoca inxeba, kunye nokulithunga ukuba kuyimfuneko .
• Intsebenziswano yotyando lwe-Neurosurgery: Oogqirha botyando lwe-trauma badla ngokusebenza ngokubambisana noogqirha botyando lwe-neurosurgeon, ingakumbi ukunyanga ukwenzakala entloko, okufana ne-subdural hematomas kunye nokwenzakala kwengqondo okubuhlungu.

Umntu uba nguGqirha weTrauma njani?

Ukuba yingcali efana nale akulula. Kufuna umsebenzi onzima, ukuzinikela, kunye nexesha elide lemfundo. Umzekelo, kwilizwe elifana neMelika, ukuba yi-"Trauma Surgeon" kudla ngokuthatha iminyaka eli-13 ukuya kweli-15 yokufunda. Oku kuquka:

• Isidanga sesayensi esisisiseko seminyaka emine.
• Imfundo yesikolo sezonyango yeminyaka emine (isidanga sezonyango).
• Inkqubo yokuhlala iminyaka emihlanu. Ngeli xesha, bafumana uninzi loqeqesho lwabo ngotyando oluqhelekileyo.
• Oku kulandelwa yinkqubo yoqeqesho olukhethekileyo lonyaka omnye okanye emibini (`Inkqubo yoBudlelwane`). Kulapho ufumana khona ulwazi kunye noqeqesho kwi-`Critical Care` kunye ne-`Trauma`.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, ngeli xesha loqeqesho lokuhlala, kuya kufuneka ubandakanyeke kuphando lwezonyango unyaka omnye ukuya kwemithathu.

Akuphelelanga apho, kufuneka baphumelele iimviwo zelayisenisi yezonyango zelizwe elifanelekileyo (ezifana `noVavanyo lweLayisensi yezonyango yase-US`). Kufuneka bafumane nesatifikethi sotyando oluqhelekileyo kunye nesatifikethi esincinci kwi-`Surgical Critical Care` kwiibhodi zonyango ezikhethekileyo (ezifana `ne-American Board of Surgery`).

Abanye oogqirha botyando lwengozi bafumana uqeqesho olongezelelweyo ekunyangeni iziganeko zokulimala kwabantu abaninzi , oko kukuthi, xa abantu abaninzi benzakala kwisiganeko esinye (umzekelo, ukuqhuma kwebhombu, intlekele yendalo enzima, ingozi enkulu yemoto).

Yintoni umahluko phakathi koGqirha oQhelekileyo kunye noGqirha oQhelekileyo?

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo. Lonke `(uGqirha weTrauma)` kuqala kwaye ngokuyintloko ngugqirha oqhelekileyo. Oko kuthetha ukuba bafumene uqeqesho olusisiseko kugqirha oqhelekileyo. Kodwa umahluko ophambili kukuba `(uGqirha weTrauma)` ufumene uqeqesho olukhethekileyo (`ubudlelane`) kunyango olubalulekileyo kunye nokulimala, kwaye ufumene `iSatifikethi soNyango oluPhambili loTyando` ngaloo nto. Ke ngoko, banamandla akhethekileyo okunyanga ukwenzakala okungxamisekileyo, okusongela ubomi.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweziko lezonyango kunye nesibhedlele esiqhelekileyo?

`(Iziko leTrauma)`, oko kukuthi, iziko lonyango olukhethekileyo lweengxamiseko, yindawo eyahlukileyo kancinci kwisibhedlele esiqhelekileyo. Eyona nto iphambili kukuba `(Iziko leTrauma)` linabasebenzi bezonyango abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa, kuquka ingcali `(Ugqirha weTrauma), onokufowunelwa iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezisi-7 ngeveki. Kwakhona, la maziko anayo yonke into ayidingayo umntu oye wehlelwa yingozi, njengezixhobo `zanamhlanje`, izibonelelo zebhanki yegazi, amagumbi otyando olungxamisekileyo, njl. ESri Lanka, iiyunithi zongxamiseko kwizibhedlele ezinkulu ezifana nale nazo zisebenza kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu.

Ngaba aba gqirha basebenza kuzo zonke izilonda? Ngaba basebenza bodwa?

Oogqirha botyando lwengozi bayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeqela elikhulu lezonyango.Bahlala besebenzisana ngokusondeleyo noogqirha bemithambo-luvo kunye noogqirha bamathambo, kuba kwingozi enkulu, ingqondo, umqolo, okanye amathambo anokonakala. Kwimeko ezinjalo, inkxaso yeengcali ezifanelekileyo ibalulekile. Bakwasebenza noogqirha, abahlengikazi, kunye nabanye abasebenzi bezempilo kwigumbi likaxakeka ukunyanga abantu abenzakele kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngumzamo weqela.

Okokugqibela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule

Akukho namnye kuthi olindele ukujongana nengozi okanye afune unyango olungxamisekileyo ngenxa yesifo esisongela ubomi. Kodwa, ngokungalindelekanga, izigidi zabantu zifumana ezi zinto minyaka le, zifuna 'uNyango oluPhambili' olungxamisekileyo.

Ngamaxesha anje, kwidabi eliphakathi kobomi nokufa, ngaba "ooGqirha bokuQhekeka" abakwimigca engaphambili belwela ukusindisa ubomi.

Banoqeqesho olukhethekileyo namava axabisekileyo. Banokuchonga ngokukhawuleza iimeko ezahlukeneyo ezisongela ubomi baze benze unyango notyando olufunekayo. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ukhe wafuna utyando olungxamisekileyo, ugqirha wakho wezonyango, kunye nabanye oogqirha, baya kuba liqela eliza kukunyamekela ude uphile. Yiyo loo nto iinkonzo zaba gqirha zixabiseke ngokwenene. Bafana namaqhawe angadunyiswanga oluntu lwethu.

Iingozi , Oogqirha Botyando, Oogqirha Bokwenzakala, Unyango Olungxamisekileyo, Ukulimala, Utyando, Abagcini Bobomi