Ngaba uyazi ngeSifo sokulala saseAfrika - iTrypanosomiasis? | Nirogi Lanka

Ngaba wakha weva ngemeko engaqhelekanga nembi efumaneka kwiindawo ezithile zaseAfrika? Oogqirha bayibiza le nto ngokuthi yiTrypanosomiasis . Abantu abaninzi bayibiza ngokuba yi-"African Sleeping Sickness" kuba enye yeempawu zayo ezibalaseleyo kukulangazelela ukulala okungapheliyo njengoko imeko iqhubeka. Enyanisweni, olu luhlobo losulelo olubi olubangelwa yiparasite. Apha eNirogi Lanka , sifuna ukukunceda uqonde kakuhle indlela esebenza ngayo le meko kunye noko kufuneka ukwazi ngayo.

Yintoni iTrypanosomiasis?

Ngamafutshane, iTrypanosomiasis sisifo esiyingozi kakhulu esisasazeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wakho. Sidla ngokuchaphazela:

• Ulusu lwakho
• Igazi lakho
• Ama-lymph nodes akho
• Ingqondo yakho kunye nolwelo olujikeleze ingqondo yakho kunye nomqolo , olwaziwa ngokuba lulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal.

Esi sifo sidluliselwa ngokulunywa luhlobo oluthile lwempukane efumaneka e- Equatorial Africa , ebizwa ngokuba yi- Tsetse fly.. Iimpukane zeTsetse zizinambuzane ezinkulu, ezimdaka ngomthubi okanye ezimdaka ngebala, ezidla ngokuba zii-intshi eziyi-0.2 ukuya kweziyi-0.6 (malunga ne-6 ukuya kweziyi-16 mm) ubude. I-Equatorial Africa ibhekisa kummandla onqumla i-equator ngaphantsi kweNtlango yeSahara. Iimpawu zinokubonakala naphi na kwiiveki ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyanga ezininzi emva kokosuleleka.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, nangona i-Trypanosomiasis iyinto enyangekayo , inokubulala ukuba ayinyangwa .

Le meko ikwaziwa nangamanye amagama aliqela:

• Isifo sokulala saseAfrika
• I-trypanosomiasis yaseAfrika
• I-trypanosomiasis yabantu baseAfrika (HAT)

Kutheni ibizwa ngokuba "yi-African sleeping sickness"?

Zimbini izizathu eziphambili zeli gama. Okokuqala, ezi zinambuzane zidluliselwa yi-Tsetse fly evela e-Equatorial Africa. Okwesibini, uphawu lwesi sifo yindlela esichaphazela ngayo umjikelo wakho wokulala , nto leyo edla ngokubangela ukozela okungapheliyo nokugqithisileyo emini.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le sifo?

Ngokwembali, iTrypanosomiasis yayixhaphakile kakhulu. Ngokutsho kweWorld Impilo Organisation (WHO), malunga namatyala angama-30,000 axelwe ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2000. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yamanyathelo okulawula aqatha aphunyeziweyo kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo, inani lamatyala liye lehla kakhulu . Ngowama-2020, bekukho amatyala angaphantsi kwama-700 axeliweyo kwihlabathi liphela.

Zithini iimpawu ze-Trypanosomiasis?

Iimpawu zikhula kancinci kancinci. Nangona esi sifo singengommandla wethu, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Iqhuma elidumbileyo, elinombala omdaka (obomvu, omfusa, okanye omdaka) kwindawo ekulunywe yimpukane, elinokuba buhlungu.
• Umkhuhlane ophindaphindayo .
• Iintlungu .
• Intloko ebuhlungu .
• Iintlungu zemisipha .
• Intlungu yamalungu .
• Ukuqhambuka kwesikhumba .
• I-anemia (ubuninzi beeseli ezibomvu zegazi).
• Ukudumba kobuso kunye/okanye ii-lymph nodes .
• Ukozela kunye nobunzima bokuhlala uphaphile.
• Ukudideka okanye ubunzima bokugxila.
• Ubunzima bokuhamba okanye ukuthetha .

Ngaphandle konyango olufanelekileyo , i-Trypanosomiasis inokukhokelela ekuxhuzuleni, ekuphelelweni yingqondo, kwanokufa .

Yintoni ebangela iTrypanosomiasis?

Le meko ibangelwa ziintlobo ezimbini ze- protozoa ezincinci, ezineseli enye :

• I-Trypanosoma brucei gambiense : Inoxanduva lwamatyala angaphezu kwama-90%.
• I-Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense : Inoxanduva lwamatyala angaphantsi kwe-10%.

Esi sifo sidluliselwa njani ebantwini?

Abantu basuleleka yiTrypanosomiasis ngokulunywa yiTsetse fly enesifo . Ezi mpukane zifumana ezi zinambuzane kwizilwanyana ezinesi sifo (ezifana neenkomo, iigusha, iibhokhwe, iihagu, amahashe, okanye iinkamela) okanye kwabanye abantu abanesi sifo.

Ngaba iTrypanosomiasis iyasulela?

Idluliselwa ikakhulu ngokulunywa ziimpukane. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukhulelwe, usulelo lunokudluliselwa kumntwana wakho .

Ukongeza, nangona kunqabile kakhulu, ukosuleleka kungenzeka ngokutofelwa igazi . Nceda uqaphele ukuba ababoneleli bezempilo balandela imigaqo yokhuseleko engqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke iminikelo yegazi iyahlolwa kwaye ikhuselekile.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yesi sifo?

Iimpukane zeTsetse zihlala emini , oko kuthetha ukuba zihlala emini. Zihlala kakhulu kwiindawo ezinemithi kunye neentlango (indawo edibanisa iimpawu zamahlathi kunye neengca) kwi-equator Afrika. Ukuba uchitha ixesha kwezi ndawo zithile, umngcipheko wakho wokufumana iTrypanosomiasis uyanda kakhulu.

Ifunyanwa njani i-Trypanosomiasis?

Ugqirha wakho unokuxilonga i-Trypanosomiasis ngokuphonononga imbali yakho yezonyango, axoxe ngeempawu zakho kunye nembali yohambo lwakho lwakutshanje, aze enze uvavanyo olucokisekileyo lomzimba.

Emva koku, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezithile zokuxilonga ukuqinisekisa usulelo.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo zokuxilonga ezisetyenziswayo?

Olu vavanyo lunceda ekufumaneni i-Trypanosomiasis:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Umboneleli wezempilo uza kusebenzisa inaliti encinci ukuqokelela isampuli yegazi encinci kumthambo osengalweni yakho. Emva koko le sampuli ihlolwa ngemakroskopu ukujonga ukuba kukho iiparasite.
• Uvavanyo lolwelo lwe-lymph node: Ugqirha angasebenzisa inaliti ukukhupha ulwelo kwi-lymph node evuvukileyo ukuze ahlole iintsholongwane.
• Ukumpompa komqolo (ukubhoboza i-Lumbar): Kule nkqubo, ugqirha ufaka inaliti phakathi kwamathambo omqolo kumqolo wakho ongezantsi ukuze aqokelele ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal . Bahlalutya olu lwelo ukuze babone ukuba kukho iiparasites okanye iimpawu zokudumba, njengokwanda kwenani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi.

Ngaba i-Trypanosomiasis iyanyangeka?

Ewe, xa uxilongwa kwangethuba kwaye unyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, i-Trypanosomiasis iyanyangeka ngokupheleleyo. Isicwangciso sakho sonyango sixhomekeke kuhlobo oluthile lweProtozoa olubangele usulelo kunye nokuba ingaba i-parasite isasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba wakho, ingakumbi ingqondo yakho.

• Ukuba usulelo aluzange lusasazeke engqondweni yakho okanye kulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal , ugqirha wakho unokukunika oku kulandelayo:
• Ukuba unayo (Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense) : Suramin .
• Ukuba unayo (i-Trypanosoma brucei gambiense) : iFexinidazole okanye iPentamidine .
• Ukuba usulelo lufikelele engqondweni yakho okanye kulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal , ugqirha wakho unokukunika oku kulandelayo:
• Ukuba unayo (iTrypanosoma brucei rhodesiense) : iMelarsoprol .
• Ukuba unayo (i-Trypanosoma brucei gambiense) : iFexinidazole , i-Eflornithine , iNifurtimox , okanye iMelarsoprol .

Kwezinye iimeko, ii-corticosteroids zinokunikwa ukunciphisa ukudumba, iintlungu zamalungu, kunye neentlungu zemisipha.

La mayeza anokunikwa njengeepilisi zomlomo okanye ngemithambo. Kubalulekile ukuba ugqibezele yonke ikhosi yamayeza anikwe ngugqirha wakho, nokuba uqala ukuziva ungcono. Ukungakwenzi oko kunokukhokelela ekubuyeleni kwimeko yokugula kwakhona, nto leyo eyenza unyango lwexesha elizayo lube nzima ngakumbi.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva konyango? Sikujonga njani ukuchacha?

Akukho vavanyo lulodwa oluqinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba i-parasite isusiwe ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni wakho. Ngoko ke, ugqirha wakho uza kukujonga kangangeminyaka emibini emva konyango ukuze ajonge ukuba iimpawu ziyaphinda na. Ukuba iimpawu ziyabuya, uza kuphinda uvavanyo lwegazi nolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal ukujonga ukuba ikhona na i-parasite.

Ndingaphila ngokukhawuleza kangakanani emva konyango?

Iqela lakho lezonyango lelona mthombo ulungileyo wolu lwazi. Ngokusekelwe kubukhali bosulelo lwakho, banokukunika ixesha eliqikelelweyo lokuchacha kwakho.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndine-Trypanosomiasis?

Xa uxilongwa kwangethuba kwaye ufumana unyango olufanelekileyo, umbono wakho wokuphila ulungile. Uninzi lwezigulane ezifumana unyango kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu emva kosulelo ziphila ngokupheleleyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ayinyangwa, iTrypanosomiasis inokubulala. Nangona unyango lusenokwenzeka emva kokuba iparasite ifikelele ebuchotsheni nakwi-cerebrospinal fluid, iba nzima kakhulu kwaye uqikelelo lokusinda luyehla.

Ingakanani izinga lokusinda kwisifo sokulala?

Xa benyangwa ngokukhawuleza nangendlela efanelekileyo, abantu abangaphezu kwama-95% abane-Trypanosomiasis bayasinda.

Iyintoni imbono ye-Trypanosomiasis?

Imizamo yokunciphisa inani lamatyala e-Trypanosomiasis kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo ibe yimpumelelo enkulu. I-World Impilo Organisation (WHO) izibekele usukelo lokuphelisa i-Trypanosomiasis njengengozi kwimpilo yoluntu ngo-2030 . Bajonge ukufezekisa oku ngokusebenzisa amaqhinga aphambili aliqela:

• Ukunyusa imali yophando.
• Ukuphuhlisa iindlela zovavanyo zokuxilonga eziphuculiweyo.
• Ukubonelela ngonyango olukhawulezileyo nolusebenzayo.
• Ukunciphisa unxibelelwano phakathi kweempukane zeTsetse nabantu.

Ngaba i-Trypanosomiasis ingathintelwa?

Ewe. Ukuba uhambela iindawo apho esi sifo sixhaphake khona, ungazikhusela kwiimpukane zeTsetse ngokulandela ezi ngcebiso zivela eNirogi Lanka:

• Kuphephe ukuhamba kwiindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu.
• Nxiba impahla enzima nekhuselayo, njengeebhulukhwe ezinde kunye neehempe ezineemikhono emide, njengoko iimpukane zeTsetse zinokuluma ngelaphu elincinci.
• Khetha impahla enemibala engathathi cala. Iintlanzi zeTsetse fly zitsalwa yimibala eqaqambileyo nemnyama. Khetha imibala emhlophe, engwevu, ekhrimu, okanye e-beige.
• Kuphephe ukuphumla kufutshane nezihlahla okanye izihlahla emini. Nangona iimpukane zeTsetse zisebenza emini, zihlala zifuna umthunzi kwezi ndawo ngamaxesha ashushu emini.
• Faka izikrini kwiifestile nakwiingcango.
• Hlala ngaphakathi endlwini ngexesha lomsebenzi weTsetse fly.
• Faka izinto zokugxotha izinambuzane ezivunyiweyo okanye iikhemikhali kwiimpahla zakho, iintente, kunye nenethi.
• Lala ngaphakathi kwintente enemingxuma emincinci okanye phantsi kwenethi ekhuselayo. Qinisekisa ukuba intente yakho ivalwe ngokupheleleyo ngamaxesha onke.
• Jonga izithuthi(iimoto okanye iilori) zeempukane zeTsetse ngaphambi kokuba zingene, njengoko zitsaleleka kukuhambahamba kunye nothuli.

Ngaba ikho imichiza yokugonya i-Trypanosomiasis?

Hayi, okwangoku akukho gonyo okanye amayeza okuthintela i-Trypanosomiasis akhoyo.

Ndingazinyamekela njani ukuba ndine-Trypanosomiasis?

Ukuba uziva ungaphilanga emva kokubuya kwindawo apho iTrypanosomiasis ixhaphake khona, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ngoko nangoko . Nokuba awukhumbuli ukulunywa, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngembali yakho yohambo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba uphilile ngokupheleleyo, landela isicwangciso sakho sonyango osimiselweyo.

Ukongeza, ukuphumla kakuhle nokuhlala unamanzi ngokusela amanzi amaninzi kuya kuxhasa inkqubo yakho yokuchacha.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ukhe wachitha ixesha kwiindawo ezinobungozi bokulunywa yiTsetse fly kwaye ubonakalisa iimpawu zeTrypanosomiasis, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.

Emva konyango, kufuneka uye rhoqo kwiimvavanyo —ngesiqhelo rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ubuncinane iminyaka emibini. Ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu zosulelo oluphindaphindayo, ugqirha wakho unokwenza uvavanyo kwigazi kunye nolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal.

Ndingaya nini kwiGumbi loNgxamiseko (ER)?

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo eziqatha, yiya kwicandelo leengxamiseko elikufutshane ngoko nangoko, okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-911 (okanye inombolo yakho yeenkonzo zengxamiseko zasekuhlaleni):

• Umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwama-40°C (103°F).
• Ukudideka okanye ukudideka.
• Ukuxhuzula.

Imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha wakho

Xa undwendwela umboneleli wakho wezempilo, ungabuza le mibuzo ilandelayo:

• Ndingayifumana njani kanye kanye iTrypanosomiasis?
• Ukuba oku akusiyo iTrypanosomiasis, zeziphi ezinye iimeko ezinokuchaza iimpawu zam?
• Ingxaki yam inzulu kangakanani?
• Zeziphi iimvavanyo oza kuzenza ukuze ufumanise i-Trypanosomiasis?
• Ucebisa luphi unyango?
• Ngaba kukho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinxulumene nonyango olucetyiswayo?
• Ndingalindela nini ukuqala ukuziva ngcono?
• Yintoni enye endinokuyenza ukuze ndikhawulezise ukuchacha kwam?
• Ngaba ndifanele ndiqaphele naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha okanye eziya ziba mandundu?
• Ndingabuya nini ukuze ndifumane uvavanyo lokulandelela?

Ngaba ungayifumana i-Trypanosomiasis ngaphezu kwesihlandlo esinye?

Ewe, ungangenwa yiTrypanosomiasis izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwesinye. Ukuchacha ngempumelelo kwisifo sangaphambili akukuniki amandla okuzikhusela, nto leyo ethetha ukuba uhlala usesichengeni sokufumana isifo kwakhona.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-African Trypanosomiasis kunye ne-American Trypanosomiasis?

I-American Trypanosomiasis yaziwa kakhulu ngokuba sisifo iChagas . Esi sisifo esahlukileyo esibangelwa yiparasite iTrypanosoma cruzi . Sidluliselwa ebantwini ngokudibana nendle yee -Triatomine bugs ezinentsholongwane, ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba “zii-kissing bugs.”

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzithathe (Umyalezo oya nawo ekhaya)

Masishwankathele amanqaku abaluleke kakhulu malunga ne-Trypanosomiasis kwimpilo yakho:

• Lusulelo olusasazeka kukulunywa ziimpukane zeTsetse , olufumaneka kwiindawo ezithile zaseAfrika.
• Nangona inganyangeka ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba , inokuba yingozi ebomini ukuba ayilungiswanga.
• Iimpawu zokuqala zingabandakanya umkhuhlane, iintlungu zemisipha, kunye nokudumba kwee-lymph nodes, okunokuthi kuqhubekele ebuthongweni obukhulu emini kunye nokudideka.
• Ukuba uhambela kwiindawo ezixhaphakileyo, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela ekulunyweni ziimpukane .
• Ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na iimpawu emva kokutyelela ezo ndawo, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko .

Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda uhlale unolwazi. Hlala ukhuselekile kwaye usempilweni ngeNirogi Lanka!

Iithegi: I-Trypanosomiasis, Isifo Sokulala SaseAfrika, Impukane yeTsetse, usulelo olubangelwa zizinambuzane, impilo yokuhamba, iimpawu