Ngaba wakha weva ngesifo esingaqhelekanga nesinobungozi kancinci esifumaneka kwiindawo ezithile zaseAfrika? Oogqirha basibiza ngokuba yi-trypanosomiasis. Abanye abantu basibiza ngokuba yi-"African sleeping sickness" kuba sikwenza uzive ulele ngakumbi. Ngokwenene sisifo esibi esibangelwa yiparasite. Makhe sithethe ngaso ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje.

Yintoni le Trypanosomiasis?

Ngamafutshane, i-trypanosomiasis lusulelo olubi kakhulu olubangelwa zizinambuzane. Lunokusasazeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wethu. Makhe sibone ukuba luchaphazela phi:

• Yesikhumba sakho
• Ngegazi lakho
• Kwii -lymph nodes zakho
• Ingqondo yakho kunye nolwelo olujikeleze ingqondo yakho kunye nomqolo , olubizwa ngokuba lulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal.

Esi sifo sisasazeka ngokulunywa luhlobo oluthile lwempukane olufumaneka e-Equatorial Africa . Ezi mpukane zibizwa ngokuba zii-tsetse flies . Ezi mpukane zinkulu, zimdaka ngomthubi okanye zimdaka ngebala. Cinga nje, ezi mpukane zingaba malunga ne-0.2 ukuya kwi-0.6 intshi (oko kukuthi malunga ne-6 ukuya kwi-16 milimitha) ubude. I-Equatorial Africa yinxalenye ye-Afrika ehamba ecaleni kwe-equator, ngaphantsi kweNtlango yeSahara. Iimpawu zinokubonakala kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokosuleleka.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-trypanosomiasis sisifo esinokunyangeka . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ayinyangwa kakuhle, inokukhokelela ekufeni .

Esi sifo sibizwa ngamanye amagama aliqela:

• Isifo sokulala saseAfrika
• I-trypanosomiasis yaseAfrika
• I-trypanosomiasis yabantu baseAfrika (HAT)

Kutheni oku kubizwa ngokuba "yi-African sleeping sickness"?

Abantu abaninzi babiza esi sifo ngokuthi yi-trypanosomiasis ngokuthi "isigulo sokulala saseAfrika" ngezizathu ezibini. Esinye kukuba iintsholongwane ezisibangelayo zidluliselwa ziimpukane ze-tsetse e-Equatorial Africa. Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zesi sifo kukuba sinokuchaphazela ubuthongo bakho . Oko kuthetha ukuba ungaziva ulele ngalo lonke ixesha.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le sifo?

I-Trypanosomiasis yayiyeyona sifo sixhaphakileyo. Ngokutsho kwe-World Health Organisation (WHO), bekukho malunga ne-30,000 yeziganeko ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990 nasekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2000. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yamanyathelo okulawula athathiweyo kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo, inani leziganeko liye lehla kakhulu .Ukusukela ngo-2020, kuye kwaxelwa iimeko ezingaphantsi kwama-700 ze-trypanosomiasis.

Zithini iimpawu ze-Trypanosomiasis?

Iimpawu zesi sifo zinokuvela emva kwenye. Jonga ukuba uqhelene nazo na (ekubeni esi sifo singekho kweli lizwe lethu, kubalulekile ukuba uzazi ezi):

• Iqhuma elidumbileyo, elinombala omdaka (obomvu, omfusa, okanye omdaka) linokuvela kwindawo ekulunywe kuyo. Oku kunokuba buhlungu.
• Umkhuhlane oza uphinde uphele (umkhuhlane ophindaphindayo) .
• Umzimba uyabanda (ii-Flalls) .
• Intloko ebuhlungu .
• Intlungu yemisipha .
• Intlungu yamalungu .
• Ukuqhambuka kwesikhumba .
• Ukuncipha kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi egazini, oko kukuthi , i-anemia .
• Ukudumba kobuso kunye/okanye ii-lymph nodes .
• Ubunzima bokuhlala uphaphile, ukozela rhoqo .
• Ukungakwazi ukugxila, imeko yokungazi nto (Confusion) .
• Ubunzima bokuhamba okanye ukuthetha .

Ukuba ayinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo , i-trypanosomiasis inokubangela ukuxhuzula , i-coma, kwanokufa .

Yintoni ebangela i-trypanosomiasis?

Esi sifo sibangelwa ziintlobo ezimbini zeentsholongwane ezincinci ezineseli enye ezibizwa ngokuba yi-protozoa .

• I-Trypanosoma brucei gambiense . Esi silwanyana sibangela ngaphezu kwama-90% eemeko ze-trypanosomiasis.
• I-Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense . Esi silwanyana sibangela ngaphantsi kwe-10% yamatyala.

Abantu bayifumana njani le sifo?

I-Trypanosomiasis idluliselwa ebantwini ngokulunywa ziimpukane ezineentsholongwane . Iimpukane ezineentsholongwane zifumana ezi zinambuzane kwizilwanyana ezineentsholongwane (ezifana neenkomo, iigusha, iibhokhwe, iihagu, amahashe kunye neenkamela) okanye kwabanye abantu abanesifo.

Ngaba i-Trypanosomiasis sisifo esosulelayo?

I-Trypanosomiasis idla ngokubangelwa kukulunywa yi-tsetse fly enesifo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukhulelwe, ungadlulisela esi sifo kumntwana wakho .

Enye into kukuba kukho ithuba elincinci kakhulu lokuba esi sifo sinokudluliselwa ngotofelo-gazi . Kodwa kunqabile kakhulu. Kuba ababoneleli bezempilo bathatha amanyathelo amaninzi okukhusela ukunikela ngegazi.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu sesi sifo?

Iimpukane zeTsetse ziimpukane ezisebenza emini.Uhlobo lwempukane. Zihlala kwiindawo ezinemithi okanye kwiintlango (indibaniselwano yehlathi nentlango) e-Equatorial Africa. Ngoko ke, ukuba uchitha ixesha kwezi ndawo, unokuba sengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yi-trypanosomiasis.

Ifunyanwa njani i-Trypanosomiasis?

Ugqirha unokuxilonga i-trypanosomiasis ngokuthatha imbali yakho yezonyango, abuze ngeempawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yakutshanje yohambo, aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba.

Emva koko, ugqirha unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezikhethekileyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.

Zithini iimvavanyo zokuxilonga?

Olu vavanyo lunceda ekuxilongeni i-trypanosomiasis:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi : Kule meko, ugqirha uthatha isampuli encinci yegazi elivela kumthambo osengalweni yakho esebenzisa inaliti encinci. Emva koko ihlolwa ngemakroskopu ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho iintsholongwane na.
• Uvavanyo lolwelo lwe-lymph node : Ugqirha usebenzisa inaliti ukuze athathe ulwelo kwi-lymph node evuvukileyo aze alujonge ukuba azikho na iintsholongwane.
• Ukumpompa komqolo/Ukubhoboza iLumbar : Kule meko, ugqirha ufaka inaliti phakathi kwamathambo amabini emqolo wakho osezantsi (ummandla weLumbar) aze asuse inani elincinci lolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal . Ijongwa ukuba ayinazo iiparasites, inani eliphezulu leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye nezinye iimpawu zosulelo.

Ngaba i-trypanosomiasis inganyangeka?

Ewe, ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye inyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, i-trypanosomiasis inokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo. Unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-protozoa ekosuleleyo, kunye nokuba usulelo lusasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba wakho, ingakumbi ingqondo.

• Ukuba usulelo lwe-trypanosomiasis alusasazekanga engqondweni yakho okanye kulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal , ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza anjengala:
• UneSuramin , isilwanyana esibizwa ngokuba yiTrypanosoma brucei rhodesiense.
• Ukuba une `(Trypanosoma brucei gambiense)`, thatha iFexinidazole okanye iPentamidine .
• Ukuba usulelo lwe-trypanosomiasis luchaphazele ingqondo yakho okanye ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal , ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza anjengala:
• UneMelarsoprol , ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense)`.
• Ukuba une `(Trypanosoma brucei gambiense)`, kufuneka uthathe iFexinidazole , i-Eflornithine , iNifurtimox okanyeI-Melarsoprol.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ii-corticosteroids zinokumiselwa ukunciphisa ukudumba kunye neentlungu zamalungu kunye nemisipha.

Eli yeza ungalinikwa njengepilisi (namanzi) okanye njengolwelo olufakwa emthanjeni (ngomthambo). Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthatha yonke imithi oyinikwe ngugqirha wakho, nokuba uqala ukuziva ungcono. Kungenjalo, i-trypanosomiasis inokubuya, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukunyanga.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva konyango? Ndingazijonga njani ukuba ndisaphila?

Akukho vavanyo lucacileyo olunokuqinisekisa ukuba awusenaso isifo se-trypanosomiasis. Ke ngoko, oogqirha baya kukujonga kangangeminyaka emibini emva konyango ukuze babone ukuba iimpawu ziyabuya na. Ukuba uphinda ubonakalise iimpawu, banokwenza uvavanyo lwegazi nolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal ukujonga iiparasite.

Ndingaphila ngokukhawuleza kangakanani emva konyango?

Ugqirha wakho ngumntu ofanelekileyo ukuphendula oku. Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu bosulelo lwakho, unokuqikelela ukuba kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba uzive ungcono emva konyango.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndine-trypanosomiasis?

Ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye inyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, amathuba okuchacha kwi-trypanosomiasis mahle kakhulu. Uninzi lwabantu luyachacha ukuba lufumana unyango kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu emva kosulelo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba anyangwa ngendlela efanelekileyo, abantu abaninzi bayafa ngenxa ye-trypanosomiasis. Unyango lunokwenzeka nangona i-parasite ichaphazele ingqondo kunye nolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal. Nangona kunjalo, amathuba okusindisa ubomi aphantsi.

Zithini amathuba okusinda kwisifo sokulala?

Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, abantu abangaphezu kwama-95% abane-trypanosomiasis bayasinda.

Iyintoni imbonakalo ye-trypanosomiasis?

Kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo, imizamo yokunciphisa inani lamatyala e-trypanosomiasis ibe yimpumelelo enkulu. I-World Health Organisation (WHO) izibekele usukelo lokuphelisa i-trypanosomiasis njengengxaki yempilo yoluntu ngo-2030. Banethemba lokufezekisa le njongo ngokuthi:

• Nika imali engaphezulu yophando.
• Ukuphuhlisa iindlela zokuvavanya ezingcono.
• Ukubonelela ngonyango ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukunciphisa unxibelelwano phakathi kweempukane ze-tsetse nabantu.

Ngaba i-Trypanosomiasis ingathintelwa?

Ewe, ungenza ezi zinto ukuze uzikhusele ekulunyweni ziimpukane ze-tsetse (ingakumbi ukuba uhamba kwiindawo apho esi sifo sixhaphake khona):

• Zama ukungahambi kwiindawo ezineentsholongwane.
• Nxiba impahla etyebileyo , ibhulukhwe ende, kunye nemikhono emide, njengoko iimpukane ze-tsetse zinokuluma nakwimpahla encinci.
• Nxiba impahla enemibala engathathi cala. Iintsikazi zeTsetse zitsalwa yimibala emnyama nekhanyayo. Khetha impahla enemibala efana nomhlophe, ongwevu, ukhilimu, umdaka, okanye i-beige.
• Kuphephe ukuxhoma phakathi kwezihlahla nezihlahla emini. Nangona iimpukane ze-tsetse zisebenza emini, ngamanye amaxesha zifuna umthunzi phakathi kwezihlahla ngexesha elishushu kakhulu emini.
• Faka izikrini kwiifestile nakwiingcango.
• Hlala endlini ngamaxesha apho ii-tsetse flies zisebenza kakhulu.
• Faka izitshizi okanye iikhemikhali kwiimpahla, iintente, kunye nezigqubuthelo zenethi ezigxotha iimpukane ze-tsetse.
• Lala ententeni ene-mesh encinci, okanye sebenzisa inethi yokukhusela xa ulele. Qinisekisa ukuba uyivalile ngokupheleleyo intente yakho.
• Ngaphambi kokuba ungene ezimotweni okanye kwiilori, jonga ngaphakathi ukuba azinazo na ii-tsetse flies. Ziyatsaleleka kwintshukumo kwaye uthuli oluvuthuzwa zizithuthi.

Ngaba ikho imichiza yokugonya i-Trypanosomiasis?

Hayi, okwangoku akukho gonyo okanye elinye iyeza elinokuthintela i-trypanosomiasis.

Ndingazinyamekela njani ukuba ndine-trypanosomiasis?

Ukuba uqala ukuziva ungonwabanga emva kokuhamba uye kwindawo apho i-trypanosomiasis ixhaphake khona, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ngoko nangoko . Nokuba awukhumbuli ukulunywa yi-tsetse fly, xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ubukhe waba kwindawo apho ubusemngciphekweni khona. Landela isicwangciso sabo sonyango ngokuchanekileyo ukuze uphile ngokupheleleyo.

Kwakhona, ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo nokusela amanzi amaninzi kuya kukunceda uphile ngokukhawuleza.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ukhe wachitha ixesha kwiindawo apho usengozini yokulunywa ziimpukane ze-tsetse kwaye ubonakalise iimpawu ze-trypanosomiasis, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Emva konyango, kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho rhoqo ukuze ahlolwe - ngesiqhelo rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu kangangeminyaka emibini. Ukuba uneempawu zosulelo kwakhona, ugqirha wakho uya kuthatha iisampulu zegazi kunye nolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal.

Ndingaya nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba unezi mpawu ziqatha, yiya kwiGumbi loNgxamiseko (i-ER) elikufutshane, okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-911 (okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni):

• Umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwama-degrees Celsius angama-40 (ii-degrees Celsius ezingama-103).
• Ukudideka okanye ukudideka.
• Ukuxhuzula .

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Xa ubona ugqirha wakho, ungambuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ndingayifumana njani kanye kanye i-trypanosomiasis?
• Ukuba andinayo i-trypanosomiasis, yeyiphi enye imeko endinokuba nayo?
• Ingxaki yam inzulu kangakanani?
• Zeziphi iimvavanyo ozenzayo ukuze ufumanise i-trypanosomiasis?
• Loluphi unyango olucebisayo?
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunyango olucebisayo?
• Ndiza kuqala nini ukuziva ngcono?
• Yintoni enye endinokuyenza ukuze ndikhawulezise ukuchacha kwam?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndikhathazeke ngeempawu ezintsha okanye eziya zisiba mandundu?
• Ndingambona nini ugqirha ukuze ndifumane ezinye iimvavanyo?

Ndingayifumana i-trypanosomiasis ngaphezu kwesihlandlo esinye?

Ewe, ungayifumana i-trypanosomiasis ngaphezu kwesihlandlo esinye. Unyango oluphumelelayo lwe-trypanosomiasis alukuniki amandla okuzikhusela ekuphindeni uyifumane.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-African Trypanosomiasis kunye ne-American Trypanosomiasis?

I-American Trypanosomiasis lelinye igama lesifo iChagas . Lolunye uhlobo losulelo olubangelwa yiparasite ebizwa ngokuba yiTrypanosoma cruzi . Iparasite yeTrypanosoma cruzi isasazeka kakhulu kukulunywa yiTriatomine bugs eyosulelekileyo (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi "kissing bugs").

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, masiphinde sichaze ezona zinto zibalulekileyo sithethe ngazo nge-trypanosomiasis:

• Olu luhlobo losulelo oludluliselwa kukulunywa ziimpukane ze-tsetse kwaye lufumaneka kwezinye iindawo zaseAfrika.
• Ukuba ifunyenwe kwaye inyangwa kwangethuba, inokuphiliswa , okanye ingabulala .
• Iimpawu zingabandakanya umkhuhlane, iintlungu zomzimba, ukudumba kwee-lymph nodes, kunye nokozela okukhulu kunye nokudideka.
• Ukuba uhambela kwiindawo apho esi sifo sixhaphake khona, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela kwiimpukane .
• Ukuba iimpawu ziyavela emva kokubuya kolu hambo, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko .

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe. Hlala usempilweni!

I- Trypanosomiasis, isifo sokulala saseAfrika, i-tsetse fly, usulelo olubangelwa zizinambuzane, isifo saseAfrika, ukozela, iimpawu