Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kwaye ukhathazekile xa ufumana iqhuma elitsha okanye ihluma emzimbeni wakho. Xa abantu abaninzi besiva igama elithi "ithumba," bacinga ngoko nangoko "ngomhlaza." Kodwa ngaba zonke iiqhuma kunye neethumba zingumhlaza ngokwenene? Hayi. Uninzi lwexesha, azinabungozi. Ngoko masithethe ngale nto ngendlela ecacileyo, emfutshane, nelula ukuyiqonda.
Kalula nje, yintoni ithumba?
Kulula kakhulu. Imizimba yethu yenziwe ngeebhiliyoni zeeseli ezincinci. Ezi seli zihlala zihlukana ukuze zenze iiseli ezintsha, kwaye iiseli ezindala, ezonakeleyo ziyafa. Le yinkqubo eqhelekileyo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha le nkqubo ayisebenzi kakuhle.
Okwenzekayo ke kukuba iiseli ezindala azifi kwaye ziqale ukukhula, okanye iiseli ezintsha zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Oku kukhula okungaqhelekanga kweeseli yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-tumor, okanye ngokwezonyango, i-neoplasm. Ezi zinokwakheka naphi na emzimbeni wethu - eluswini, emathanjeni, kumadlala, kwizitho zomzimba. Zinokuba zincinci okanye zikhulu.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ungoyiki xa usiva igama elithi "ithumba." Kukho iintlobo zalo. Masijonge loo nto ngoku.
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zeethumba:
Ukuba ithumba linjani kwaye nokuba liyasichaphazela okanye alisichaphazeli kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwalo. Masiziqonde ngokucacileyo ezi ntlobo. Ukuze kube lula ukuliqonda oku, ndiza kulibonisa kwitheyibhile efana nale.
| Uhlobo lwethumba | Icacisiwe ngokulula |
|---|---|
| Izimila ezingezizo ezomhlaza (ezingenobungozi) | Ezi zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo. Azingomhlaza. Zihlala apho zikhoyo kwaye azisasazeki kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Ngenxa yoko, azifane zibe yingozi ebomini. Uninzi lwexesha, azidingi nyango. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba nkulu kwaye zicinezele ilungu okanye umthambo okufutshane, kwaye zinokufuna ukususwa ngotyando. |
| Ithumba elibi | Ezi zizinto esizibiza ngokuba "ngumhlaza." Iiseli ezikwezi thumba zinokungena kwizicwili ezingqongileyo. Kwakhona, iiseli zinokuphuma kwithumba lokuqala, zihambe ngegazi okanye kwinkqubo ye-lymphatic, kwaye zenze iithumba ezintsha kwezinye iindawo zomzimba (umz., imiphunga, isibindi). Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-metastasis. Ezi zinokuba yingozi ebomini. Kodwa ukuba zifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye zinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, uninzi lwemihlaza lunokunyangeka. |
| Izimila ezingaphambi komhlaza | Ezi azingomhlaza okwangoku, kodwa ukuba azinyangwa, zinokuba ngumhlaza kwixesha elizayo. Iiseli ezikwezi aziqhelekanga kwaye zahlukana ngokukhawuleza. Oogqirha basebenzisa amagama anjenge-hyperplasia okanye i-dysplasia ukuchaza ezi meko. Oogqirha bajonga ezi zihluma baze bazinyange ukuba kuyimfuneko. |
Ngaba ithumba kunye ne-cyst zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo?
Ewe, musa ukubhidanisa ezi zinto zimbini.
- Ithumba liqhuma lezicubu eziqinileyo.
- I -cyst sisingxobo esizele lulwelo, umoya, okanye ezinye izinto.
Ixesha elininzi, ii-cysts azinawo umhlaza. Kodwa awunakuzigqibela ngokwakho ukuba iqhuma olifumanayo liqhuma okanye liqhuma. Ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekileyo, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ubone ugqirha.
Zithini iimpawu zethumba?
Iimpawu ezinokubonisa ukuba unethumba ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo elikuyo, ubungakanani balo, nokuba lingumhlaza na. Ngamanye amaxesha, unokuliva, njengeqhubu elisesifubeni sakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba likufutshane nomphezulu wolusu, lisenokubonakala njengeqhubu.
Kodwa ayizizo zonke iithumba ezinokuvakala okanye zibonwe. Sisenokungazi ukuba zikhona emzimbeni. Kwezinye iimeko, ezi mpawu ziqhelekileyo zinokuvela:
- Ukudinwa kakhulu ngaphandle kwesizathu
- Ukuziva umkhuhlane okanye ubanda
- Ukubila ebusuku
- Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya okanye ukunciphisa umzimba ngendlela engachazekiyo
- Amanye amaqhuma anokuba buhlungu (kodwa ayingawo onke abuhlungu).
I-tumor ivakala njani esandleni?
Ukuba iqhuma elihlala linzima ukuliva kwaye livakala libambeke kwindawo enye kwaye lingenakushukunyiswa lula, linokuba ngumhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, lo asingomthetho. Amanye amaqhuma angenabungozi nawo anokuba nzima.
Ngoko ke, eyona nto ilungileyo nekhuselekileyo onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha ngoko nangoko uze uhlolwe ukuba ubona naliphi na iqhuma elitsha, ukudumba, okanye utshintsho emzimbeni wakho, ngaphandle kokuzama ukuliqonda ngokwakho.
Kutheni ezi thumba zenzeka? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?
Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, iithumba zikhula ngenxa yengxaki kwinkqubo yokwahlukana kweeseli zethu. Kunzima ukuchonga unobangela omnye, kodwa kukho izinto ezininzi eziye zachongwa ezonyusa umngcipheko.
- Utshintsho kwizakhi zofuzo: Ezinye izakhi zofuzo, ezifana ne-gene yomhlaza webele (i-BRCA), zinokuguqulwa, nto leyo eyandisa umngcipheko wokuba neethumba ezinomhlaza.
- Iimeko zofuzo: Ezinye iimeko, ezifana ne-Lynch syndrome, zizuzwe njengelifa kwaye zinokubangela ukuba kuvele iithumba.
- Imbali yosapho yomhlaza: Ukuba omnye wezalamane zakho ezisondeleyo (umama, utata, abantakwenu noodadewabo) ukhe waba nohlobo oluthile lomhlaza (umz. umhlaza webele, weprostate), nawe usemngciphekweni omkhulu kancinci.
- Ukutshaya kunye nokuchanabeka kumsi wecuba.
- Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo.
- Ukuchatshazelwa ziikhemikhali ezithile ezinobungozi: izinto ezifana ne-benzene kunye ne-asbestos.
- Ukuvezwa kwizinto ezinemisebe.
- Ezinye iintlobo zeentsholongwane: Umzekelo, i-HPV (iHuman Papillomavirus) inokubangela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.
- Ukutyeba kakhulu.
I-tumor ifunyaniswa njani ngokuchanekileyo?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kukuxilonga aze akubuze ngeqhubu. Emva koko, banokwenza uvavanyo oluthile ukuze baqinisekise ukuba linesifo somhlaza okanye akunjalo.
| Uhlobo lovavanyo | Yintoni le iyenzayo? |
|---|---|
| I-Biopsy | Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo nolucacileyo . Lubandakanya ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicwili kwiqhuma uze ulihlolisise phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iiseli ezikuyo zinomhlaza okanye azinawo. |
| Uvavanyo lwegazi | Kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, iiproteni ezikhethekileyo egazini (ezibizwa ngokuba zii-tumor markers) ziyanda. Ukulinganisa ezi zinto kunokuqinisekisa ukuba kukho umhlaza orhanelwayo. |
| Izikrini zomfanekiso | Ezi zinceda ekuboneni ithumba emzimbeni. Zinokuchonga ubungakanani balo, indawo elikuyo, kunye nokuba lisasazeke na kwizitho ezikufutshane. Oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa ii-X-ray, ii-CT scans, ii-MRI scans, okanye ii-PET scans. |
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwee-tumor?
Indlela yonyango ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezifana nohlobo lwethumba (elinomhlaza okanye elingelilo), ubungakanani balo, indawo elikuyo, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Kwizihlunu ezingezizo ezomhlaza (ezingenobungozi):
Ixesha elininzi, oku akudingi nyango . Ugqirha uza kuthi nje makakujonge. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, ukuba kuyakhula kwaye kucinezele ilungu elibalulekileyo njengengqondo okanye imiphunga, okanye ukuba kubangela intlungu, kunokususwa ngotyando.
Kwizimila ezinobungozi:
Kukho unyango oluninzi lomhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha unyango olunye okanye indibaniselwano yonyango ingasetyenziswa.
- Utyando: Ukususwa kwethumba kunye nendawo encinci yezicubu ezijikeleze lona.
- Unyango ngemitha: Ukusetyenziswa kwemitha, njengee-X-ray ezinamandla aphezulu, ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.
- Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza okubulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuthintela ukukhula kwazo. La mayeza asetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iiseli zomhlaza ngaphambi kotyando okanye ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emva kotyando.
- Unyango lweehomoni: Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza (umz. ibele, iprostate) zixhomekeke kwiihomoni. Olu nyango lusebenza ngokuthintela ukusebenza kwezo homoni.
- Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wethu ukuze alwe neeseli zomhlaza.
- Unyango olujoliswe kulo: Ukunika amayeza ajolise kwiimolekyuli ezithile ezinceda iiseli zomhlaza zikhule kwaye zisasazeke, zimise umsebenzi wazo.
Ngaba ithumba lingathintelwa ukuba lingabikho?
Ekubeni iithumba ezininzi zikhula ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo, azinakuthintelwa nge-100%. Nangona kunjalo, singawunciphisa umngcipheko wethu ngokwenza utshintsho kwindlela esiphila ngayo.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo.
- Nciphisa okanye uyeke ngokupheleleyo ukusela utywala.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo okutyebileyo kwimifuno, iziqhamo kunye neembotyi.
- Hlala ukhuthele, qhelisa umzimba yonke imihla.
- Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo.
- Nciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokufumana i-HPV ngokugonywa, njengogonyo lwe-HPV, nangokuziqhelanisa nesondo esikhuselekileyo.
Ukongeza, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona izimila ezinomhlaza kwasekuqaleni . Ukuhlolwa rhoqo ngokweminyaka kuyanceda kakhulu kule nkalo.
- IiMammogram: Kwabasetyhini abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-40-50 ubudala, ukuba umngcipheko uphakathi.
- Uvavanyo lwe-prostate: Kumadoda aphakathi kweminyaka engama-45-50 ubudala, kuxhomekeke kumngcipheko.
- Iikholonoscopies: Kumhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu, emva kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala ukuba umngcipheko uphakathi.
Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto uze ufumane ingcebiso malunga nokuba loluphi uvavanyo olufanelekileyo kuwe kunye nexesha lokulwenza.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Musa ukoyika xa usiva igama elithi "ithumba." Ayizizo zonke iithumba ezingumhlaza. Uninzi lwazo alunabungozi.
- Ukuba ubona iqhuma elitsha, ukudumba, okanye utshintsho naphi na emzimbeni wakho, musa ukulibazisa, kodwa libonise ugqirha ngoko nangoko.
- Eyona ndlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba iqhuma linomhlaza okanye akunjalo kukwenza i-biopsy.
- Nokuba ithumba lingumhlaza, ukuba lifunyenwe kwangethuba, linganyangeka okanye lilawulwe ngempumelelo ngonyango oluphambili lwanamhlanje.
- Umngcipheko wokuba neethumba ungancitshiswa ngokulandela indlela yokuphila esempilweni kunye nokuhlolwa ngokweminyaka.
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