Xa uya kugqirha, bakuxelela ukuba "uthathe isampuli yomchamo" akunjalo? Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba olu vavanyo lulula, apho ufaka khona umchamo omncinci kwikomityi encinci, lufuna ntoni ngokwenene? Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba lujonga kuphela usulelo lomchamo. Kodwa inyani inzulu kakhulu kunoko. Le sampuli yomchamo omncinci ingatyhila iimpawu ezibalulekileyo malunga nezinto ezininzi emzimbeni wakho, ezifana nesifo sezintso, iingxaki zesibindi, kunye nesifo seswekile. Makhe sithethe ngaloo nto namhlanje.
Yintoni le vavanyo lomchamo (Uvavanyo lomchamo)?
Ngamafutshane, uhlalutyo lomchamo luluhlu lweemvavanyo ezithatha isampuli yomchamo wakho zize zijonge izinto ezahlukeneyo ezikuwo. Kukho iinxalenye ezintathu eziphambili kolu vavanyo.
1. Uvavanyo olubonakalayo: Oku kuquka ukujonga izinto ezifana nombala womchamo nokuba ucacile okanye awucacanga.
2. Uvavanyo lweDipstick: Umcu ogqunywe ngeekhemikhali ezikhethekileyo ufakwa emchameni kwaye izinto ezahlukeneyo zilinganiswa ngokujonga indlela umbala otshintsha ngayo.
3. Uvavanyo lweMicroskopu: Isampulu encinci yomchamo ibekwa phantsi kwemicroskopu ukuze kukhangelwe izinto ezifana neeseli kunye neebhaktheriya ezingabonakaliyo emehlweni.
Ixesha elininzi, okufuneka ukwenze kukunika ugqirha isampuli yomchamo omncinci. Emva koko, bawuthumela kwilebhu baze benze iimvavanyo ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla. Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha angenza uvavanyo lwe-dipstick kwigumbi lakhe aze akunike iziphumo ngoko nangoko.
Yintoni le ifunwa lolu vavanyo?
Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni loluphi uhlobo lwesifo ugqirha wakho acinga ukuba sikhona, uza kugqiba ukuba uza kwenza zonke ezi vavanyo zintathu okanye enze olunye okanye ezimbini. Makhe sijonge ukuba olu vavanyo ngalunye lujonge ntoni.
1. Uvavanyo olubonakalayo
- Umbala: Umchamo ophilileyo uhlala uvela kumbala otyheli okhanyayo ukuya kumbala omnyama ophuzi. Lo mbala uyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni usela amanzi angakanani. Unokuba nombala ongengombala xa usela amanzi amaninzi, okanye ube mdaka xa usela amanzi amancinci. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unombala ongaqhelekanga, njengobomvu okanye mdaka, unokuba luphawu lwesifo.
- Ukucaca: Ngokwesiqhelo, umchamo ucacile, kodwa ukuba uba namafu, oko kungaba luphawu losulelo.
2. Uvavanyo lweDipstick
Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yovavanyo. Le nxalenye incinci yeplastiki ingatyhila iimfihlo ezininzi zomzimba wakho.
| Yintoni evavanywayo? | Oko kunokuthetha ukuthini |
|---|---|
| Ubumuncu (pH) | Inqanaba le-asidi yomchamo liyalinganiswa. I-pH ephezulu inokubonisa iingxaki zezintso okanye usulelo lomchamo (UTI). I-pH ephantsi inokubonisa imeko yesifo seswekile (ketoacidosis) okanye urhudo. |
| I-Bilirubin | Iingxaki zesibindi okanye zenyongo zinokubangela ukuba i-bilirubin iqokeleleke kumchamo. |
| Igazi (Igazi - iHemoglobin) | Ukuba kukho igazi kumchamo (i-hematuria), oko kungaba luphawu losulelo, ukwenzakala kwindlela yomchamo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, okanye umhlaza. |
| Iswekile (iGlucose) | Umntu ophilileyo akanayo iswekile emchameni wakhe. Ukuba iswekile ikhona emchameni, luphawu olukhulu lwesifo seswekile okanye isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa. |
| IiKetones | IiKetones ziveliswa xa umzimba utshisa amafutha ukuze ufumane amandla. Ukubakho kweeketones kumchamo kubonisa imeko ebizwa ngokuba yiDiabetic Ketoacidosis, ingxaki yesifo seswekile. |
| I-Leukocyte Esterase | Le yi-enzyme elwa nosulelo emzimbeni. Ukubakho kwayo emchameni kuthetha ukuba kukho usulelo okanye ukudumba kwindawo ethile kumchamo. Oku kudla ngokuba luphawu losulelo lomchamo (UTI). |
| IiNitrites | Ezinye iintlobo zeebhaktheriya kwindlela yomchamo zivelisa ii-nitrites, ngoko ke ukuba oku kukho kumchamo, kukwaluphawu losulelo lwendlela yomchamo (UTI). |
| Iiproteni | Amanqanaba eeprotheyini (ingakumbi i-albumin) kumchamo anokunyuka ngenxa yezinto ezinje ngokonakala kwezintso (ingakumbi ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye isifo seswekile), isifo sentliziyo, ukuzilolonga kakhulu, okanye ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. |
| Ubunzima obuthile | Oku kulinganisa ubungakanani bomchamo, oko kukuthi, ukuba utyebile kangakanani. Ukuba oku kungaqhelekanga, kunokubakho izizathu ezininzi. |
3. Uvavanyo lweMicroskopu
Ezinye izinto azibonakali kwi-dipstick. Udinga imakroskopu ukuze uzibone.
Khawucinge ngethontsi lomchamo wakho njengesixeko esincinci. Xa silijonga ngemakroskopu, siyakwazi ukubona "abemi" (iiseli) kunye "nabahlaseli" (iibhaktheriya) kweso sixeko.
| Yintoni enokufunyanwa? | Oko kunokuthetha ukuthini |
|---|---|
| Iikristale | Ukubakho kweentlobo ezithile zeekristale kumchamo kungaba luphawu lokuba kwakheka amatye ezintso. |
| Iiseli ze-Epithelial | Kuqhelekile ukuba kubekho iiseli ezimbalwa eziphuma eludongeni lwe-urethra, kodwa uninzi lwazo lunokubonisa usulelo, ukudumba, okanye imeko yomhlaza. |
| Iintsholongwane, igwele, iiparasite | Ukubakho kwezi zinto kumchamo kungaba luphawu losulelo lwendlela yomchamo (UTI), usulelo lweyeast, okanye isifo esidluliselwa ngesondo (STI). |
| Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu (ii-RBC) | Oku kunokubona igazi elincinci kumchamo elincinane kakhulu ukuba lingabonwa ngamehlo enyama. Inani elikhulu lalo linokubonisa ingxaki ngesinyi, izintso, okanye indlela yomchamo. |
| IiCasts zomchamo | Ezi ziingceba ezisilinda ezenziwe ngeproteni eveliswa ziiseli zezintso. Ukubakho kwezinye iintlobo zee-casts kunokubonisa isifo sezintso, ngelixa ukubakho kwezinye iintlobo kuyinto eqhelekileyo. |
| Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe (i-WBC) | Ezi ziiseli zokuzikhusela zomzimba. Ukuba nezininzi kakhulu kumchamo wakho kuthetha ukuba kukho usulelo okanye ukudumba kwindawo ethile kwindlela yakho yomchamo. |
Kutheni ndicelwa ukuba ndenze uvavanyo lomchamo?
Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa olu vavanyo ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo.
- Njengenxalenye yovavanyo lwezonyango oluqhelekileyo lonyaka.
- Ukuba uneempawu zosulelo, ezinje ngosulelo lomchamo okanye ukuchama rhoqo.
- Jonga iimeko ezifana nesifo seswekile okanye isifo sezintso.
- Njengovavanyo oluqhelekileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Xa ungeniswe esibhedlele.
- Ngaphambi kotyando.
Ndingazilungiselela njani ezi vavanyo?
Oku akusoloko kufuna amalungiselelo amaninzi, kodwa kulungile ukwazi ezinye izinto.
- Ukuba kunzima ukuchama xa kusenziwa uvavanyo, sela nje iglasi yamanzi eyongezelelweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusela amanzi amaninzi kunokubangela iziphumo ezingachanekanga.
- Ukuba usexesheni, xelela ugqirha wakho okanye ilebhu kwangaphambili, njengoko igazi lisenokuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo.
- Abanye abantu banengxaki yokuchama ngaphandle kwekhaya (shy bladder syndrome). Ukuba unale ngxaki, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo. Baya kukwazi ukukunika ukhetho olulula.
Kwezinye iimeko ezikhethekileyo, ugqirha wakho unokuthi:
- Thatha isampuli yomchamo wakho wokuqala kusasa.
- Kuphephe ukutya ukutya okuthile ngaphambi kovavanyo.
- Yeka okwethutyana ukuthatha nawaphi na amayeza anokuchaphazela iziphumo. ( Okubaluleke kakhulu: Musa ukuyeka ukuthatha nawaphi na amayeza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha wakho. )
Ungayifumana njani isampuli yomchamo ngokuchanekileyo? (Indlela yokuCoca ukubamba)
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ukuze uvavanyo luchaneke kukuqokelela isampuli yomchamo ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yindlela "yokubamba okucocekileyo". Oku kuthintela iintsholongwane eluswini ukuba zingadibani nomchamo.
Uza kunikwa indebe ekhethekileyo kunye nee-washers ezicocekileyo kwilabhoratri. Okokuqala, hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi.
Kwabasetyhini
1. Hlala phantsi kwindlu yangasese uze ukhulule imilenze yakho kancinci.
2. Yahlulahlula i-labia ngeminwe emibini.
3. Sula ingaphakathi le-labia, ukusuka phambili ukuya ngasemva , ngenye yee-wapes ezicocekileyo ozifumeneyo.
4. Coca ujikeleze umngxuma we-urethra ngesinye isicoci esingenazintsholongwane.
5. Qala ngoku ukuchama, uze udlulisele amathontsi ambalwa okuqala omchamo kwindlu yangasese.
6. Emva koko yeka ukuchama, bamba indebe enikiweyo ngaphantsi komnyango we-urethra, uze uchame ide indebe izalise malunga nesiqingatha.
7. Galela umchamo oseleyo kwindlu yangasese.
Kwamadoda
1. Coca intloko yelungu lobudoda ngesixhobo sokucoca esingenazintsholongwane esinikiweyo. Ukuba awukaluki, rhoxa ijwabu uze ulicoce kakuhle.
2. Qalisa ukuchama, uze ukhuphe amathontsi ambalwa okuqala kwindlu yangasese.
3. Emva koko yeka ukuchama, bamba indebe engaphantsi kwelungu lakho lobudoda, uze uchame ide indebe izalise isiqingatha.
4. Hlamba okuseleyo kwindlu yangasese.
Ngaba kufuneka ndikhathazeke ukuba iziphumo aziqhelekanga?
Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo. Ukuba nje ixabiso elinye kwingxelo yovavanyo lomchamo wakho lingaqhelekanga, akuthethi ukuba unesifo esinzulu.
Musa ukujonga nje ingxelo uze wenze uxilongo. Kufana nokuzama ukuqonda lonke ibali ngokufunda igama elinye encwadini. Ngugqirha wakho kuphela owaziyo umfanekiso opheleleyo.
Ngamanye amaxesha ezinye izinto zinokuchaphazela iziphumo.
- Amanye amayeza kunye neevithamini ozithathayo (umz. ivithamin C).
- Iintsholongwane zinokuqokelelana eluswini okanye kwincindi yelungu lobufazi xa kuthathwa isampuli.
Ngoko ke, nokuba zithini na iziphumo zengxelo, ungoyiki kwaye uthethe nogqirha wakho. Uza kuthelekisa iimpawu zakho nezinye iimeko zonyango aze akuchazele ukuba ezi ziphumo zithetha ukuthini ngokwenene. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, uza kuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Uvavanyo lomchamo luvavanyo olulula kakhulu, olungenazintlungu, kodwa oluxabisekileyo kakhulu olunika ulwazi oluninzi malunga nempilo yakho.
- Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezichanekileyo, kubalulekile ukubonelela ngesampulu yomchamo ngokuchanekileyo usebenzisa indlela ethi "Clean Catch".
- Musa ukoyika kuba nje ixabiso elinye kwingxelo lingaqhelekanga. Kusenokuba ngenxa yezinye izizathu zexeshana.
- Soloko uxoxa ngeziphumo zovavanyo lomchamo wakho nogqirha wakho onyangayo. Musa ukuzenzela uvavanyo lwakho ngokusekelwe kulwazi oluvela kwi-intanethi okanye kwabanye.
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