Ngaba umntwana wakho ucaphuka kakhulu ngenxa yezinto ezincinci? Ngaba unomsindo xa uhlamba, ukhama iinwele zakhe, okanye uzama ukukhwela ibhasi yesikolo? Oku kusenokungabi bububi nje okanye inkani. Enyanisweni, kusenokuba kukho imeko yengqondo enzulu emva kwale ndlela yokuziphatha. Namhlanje sithetha ngesinye sezi meko, iDisruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, okanye iDMDD ngamafutshane.
Yintoni i-DMDD?
Ngamafutshane, i-DMDD yimeko yempilo yengqondo apho abantwana bengakwazi ukulawula iimvakalelo zabo, ingakumbi umsindo. Ngenxa yoko, badla ngokuba neengxolo ezinkulu, esizibiza ngokuba yi-"temper tantrums," kwaye yiloo nto bazibiza ngayo. Ezi ngxolo zihlala zenzeka xa kufuneka benze into abangafuni ukuyenza.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, oku akusiyo nje imeko embi. Ngokwesiqhelo, imeko embi yomntwana iyaphela emva kwexesha elithile. Kodwa umntwana one-DMDD akakwenzi oko lula. Umsindo kunye nexhala lakhe liyaqhubeka.
Le meko yafakwa ngokusesikweni kwi-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) ngo-2013. Ngaphambili, abantwana abanezi mpawu ngamanye amaxesha babechongwa gwenxa njenge-childhood bipolar disorder. I-DMDD yaziswa ukuthintela oku nokubonelela ngoxilongo oluchanekileyo. Oku kunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu kumntwana ekhaya, esikolweni, nakubudlelwane bezentlalo, njengakwizihlobo.
Zithini iimpawu ze-DMDD?
Ezi zezona mpawu ziphambili ezinokubonwa kumntwana one-DMDD.
- Umsindo Oqatha: Oku akupheleli nje ekucaphukeni. Kuquka ukuziphatha ngogonyamelo okunokuquka ukuthuka ngamazwi, ukukhwaza, ukuphosa izinto, okanye nokuhlasela umntu ngokwasemzimbeni.
- Ukudumba rhoqo: Oku kudumba okukhulu kwenzeka kathathu okanye ngaphezulu ngeveki.
- Ukukhathazeka nokuba akanomsindo: Nokuba umntwana akagqabhukanga kakhulu, unokuchitha uninzi losuku enomsindo, exhalabile, okanye enomsindo . Oku kuyaqondakala kakhulu kusapho nakootitshala.
- Iimpendulo ezingafanelanga ngxaki: Xa ujonga isizathu sokuba umntwana abe nomsindo, impendulo ayifanelekanga kwaphela. Uqhuma ngaphezu kwento encinci.
- Ubunzima bokugxila ekhaya nasesikolweni: Le meko yengqondo yenza kube nzima kumntwana ukugxila kumsebenzi wesikolo kunye nomsebenzi wesikolo.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-DMDD kunye nezizathu
Uphando okwangoku aluzange lufumanise ukuba oku kungunobangela we-DMDD. Ngoko ke njengomzali, musa ukuziva unetyala ngale nto.
Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho une-DMDD, eyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kukuthetha nogqirha womntwana wakho . Ugqirha uza kukubuza okuninzi malunga nokuziphatha komntwana wakho. Qiniseka ukuba uchaza indlela umntwana wakho aziphatha ngayo ekhaya, esikolweni, naxa ephumile. Ugqirha uza kumhlola umntwana wakho ukuze abone ukuba kukho ezinye izizathu zomzimba ezinokubangela ezi mpawu.
Emva koko, ugqirha uya kuthumela umntwana kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo, njengoko i-DMDD inokubhidaniswa nezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo. Umzekelo:
- Ingxaki Yokunqongophala Kwengqalelo/Ukuphazamiseka Kokusebenza Kakhulu (ADHD)
- Ingxaki Yokuchasana Nokuchasana (ODD)
- Iingxaki zokuxhalaba
Ukuze umntwana afunyaniswe ngokusemthethweni ukuba une-DMDD, kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane nale migaqo ilandelayo. Masijonge oku kwitheyibhile.
| Iindlela zokuchonga isifo | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukucaphuka okukhulu | Ukuthetha okanye ukwenza izinto ngendlela enobundlobongela engafanelekanga kwimeko leyo. |
| Izihlandlo | Ngokwesiqhelo kathathu ngeveki okanye nangaphezulu . |
| Imvakalelo xa ungenamsindo | Ukuva umsindo okanye ixhala imini yonke, nokuba ngexesha lomsindo. |
| Umda wexesha | Iimpawu kufuneka ukuba zihlale ubuncinane iinyanga ezili-12 (unyaka omnye). |
| Ubudala | Iimpawu kufuneka ukuba ziqale ngaphambi kokuba zibe neminyaka eli-10 ubudala. Ukuxilongwa kunikwa kuphela abantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-6 neli-18 ubudala . |
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-DMDD?
Ngenxa yokuba i-DMDD sisifo esitsha, oogqirha basaphanda ngonyango olungcono. Kodwa sele kukho unyango oluye lwabonisa iziphumo eziphumelelayo. Kusetyenziswa iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zonyango.
1. Amayeza
Amanye amayeza anokunceda ukulawula iimpawu ze-DMDD, ingakumbi umsindo kunye nokutshintsha kweemvakalelo. La mayeza afanele anikwe kuphela phantsi kwengcebiso kunye nolawulo lukagqirha.
- Izinto ezivuselelayo: Ezi zisetyenziswa rhoqo kwi-ADHD kwaye zinceda ekunciphiseni ukucaphuka okubonakala kwi-DMDD.
- Amayeza okudakumba: La mayeza anokunceda ekunciphiseni umsindo neengxaki zeemvakalelo.
- Ii-Antipathy Antipsychotics: Olu hlobo lwamayeza ngamanye amaxesha lunikwa abantwana abanomsindo kakhulu, ingakumbi abo banesimo sengqondo esiyingozi kwabanye.
2. Unyango lwezengqondo
Unyango lwengqondo lubaluleke kakhulu njengamayeza, ukuba akunjalo.
- Uqeqesho Lwabazali: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Abazali kufuneka bafundiswe ngendlela yokujongana nomntwana one-DMDD. Abazali kufuneka bafunde ukuqaphela izinto ezibangela umsindo womntwana wabo, baphendule ngokufanelekileyo xa usenzeka, baze bamncome umntwana wabo ngokuziphatha kakuhle.
- Unyango lomntwana: Unyango oluthe ngqo lomntwana lubaluleke kakhulu. Unyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo (i-CBT) lusebenza kakhulu apha. Oku kunceda umntwana afunde ukuqaphela umsindo wakhe, afunde iindlela zokuwulawula, anxibelelane kakuhle nabanye, kwaye ajongane neemeko ezinengxaki.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-DMDD ayikokuba nenkani okanye ukuziphatha okubi komntwana. Yimeko yokwenyani yezonyango efuna unyango.
- Iimpawu eziphambili kukuhlala unomsindo, ukugqabhuka okukhulu komsindo kunye nokuxhalaba okungapheliyo.
- Ukuba umntwana wakho unezi mpawu, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
- Le meko inokulawulwa ngempumelelo kakhulu ngamayeza kunye nonyango lwengqondo (ingakumbi uqeqesho lwabazali kunye nonyango lokuziphatha komntwana).
- Njengabazali, uthando lwenu, umonde wenu, nokuqonda kwenu zizinto eziya kumnceda umntwana wenu ukuba aphile ngokukhawuleza.
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