Ngaba ukhe weva nge "polio"? Mhlawumbi abazali bakho, ootatomkhulu noomakhulu, okanye ootatomkhulu noomakhulu bayathuthumela kancinci xa besiva eli gama. Kungenxa yokuba kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo, i-polio yayisifo esibi esasisoyikisa ihlabathi, sabulala amawaka abantwana, saza sakhubaza abanye ubomi babo bonke. Kodwa namhlanje? Namhlanje, asithethi kakhulu ngaso. Isizathu esiphambili saloo nto sisitofu se-polio. Kodwa ngaba esi sifo sitshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo ehlabathini? Makhe sithethe ngaso.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni ipoliyo?
Ipoliyo ligama elifutshane elithi "iPoliomyelitis." Ibangelwa yintsholongwane. Le ntsholongwane isasazeka lula kakhulu, ingakumbi kubantu abangakhange bagonywe. Ukuba umntu ufumana ipoliyo, usenokungabi nazimpawu kwaphela, okanye usenokuba neempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane.
Kodwa, eyona nto iyingozi kakhulu, inani elincinci labantu linokuguliswa kakhulu yile ntsholongwane. Inokubangela ukukhubazeka , kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ide ibulale. Nangona nabani na oneminyaka engagonywanga enokufumana ipoliyo, abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ngabona basengozini enkulu.
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ukusukela ngo-1988, inani lamatyala e-polio ehlabathini liye lehla ngaphezulu kwama-99%. Udumo olupheleleyo ngaloo nto luya kwi-polio vaccine.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zepoliyo?
Ewe, iimeko ezenzekayo xa intsholongwane yepoliyo ingena emzimbeni zahlukile. Masibone ukuba ziyintoni na. Ukuze kube lula ukuyiqonda le nto, ndiza kukubonisa kwitheyibhile efana nale.
| Uhlobo lwepoliyo | Inkcazo kunye neempawu eziphambili |
|---|---|
| I-Abortive Polio | Olu lolona hlobo lwepoliyo lulula kwaye alunabungozi kangako. Luvakala ngathi ngumkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, umphimbo obuhlungu, kunye nentlungu yesisu zihlala iintsuku ezimbalwa zize ziphele. |
| Ipoliyo Engakhuliyo | Oku kuqatha ngakumbi kuneyangaphambili. Ukongeza kwiimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane kunye nentloko ebuhlungu, kunokubakho ukuqina kunye nentlungu entanyeni nasemqolo . Ngamanye amaxesha, imeko embi ebizwa ngokuba yi-meningitis, okukudumba kwee-membranes ezijikeleze ingqondo, nayo inokwenzeka. |
| Ipoliyo ekhubazekileyo | Eli lelona nqanaba liyingozi neloyikekayo le-polio. Le ntsholongwane ihlasela ingqondo kunye nomqolo, iwenza buthathaka ngokusisigxina izihlunu ezinceda ngengalo, umlenze, kwanokuphefumla. Yiyo le nto ibangela ukukhubazeka . |
| Isifo sePost-polio | Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Umntu one-polio esemncinci kwaye sele ephilile ngokupheleleyo unokuba neempawu (ingakumbi ubuthathaka bemisipha) eziphinda zibuye emva kweminyaka emininzi . Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-post-polio syndrome. |
Intsholongwane yepoliyo idluliselwa njani ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye?
Intsholongwane yepoliyo ingena emizimbeni yethu ngomlomo . Le ntsholongwane ihlala emqaleni nasemathunjini esigulana. Ke ngoko, zimbini iindlela eziphambili esasazeka ngazo:
- Ngendle: Le ntsholongwane ichithelwa kwindle yomguli wepoliyo. Esi sifo sinokudluliselwa ngokusela amanzi, ukutya ukutya, okanye ukufaka izandla ezingcolileyo emlonyeni ezingcoliswe yile ndle. Le yindlela ephambili esasazeka ngayo phakathi kwabantwana abancinci.
- Ngokukhohlela nokuthimla: Esi sifo sinokusasazeka nangokuphefumla amathontsi aphuma xa umntu osulelekileyo ekhohlela okanye ethimla.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba nokuba umntu akanazo iimpawu, usenokusasaza ipoliyo komnye umntu ukuba unentsholongwane emzimbeni wakhe.
Khumbula: Izicoci zezandla ezisebenzisa utywala aziyibulali intsholongwane yepoliyo. Ngoko ke, ukuhlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi ahambayo kubalulekile ukuze uzikhusele kule ntsholongwane.
Ugqirha usifumanisa njani esi sifo?
Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho uneempawu ezifana nepoliyo, ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akuhlole ngononophelo. Ukuqinisekisa isifo, badla ngokwenza oku kulandelayo:
1. Ukuvavanya isampuli yendle: Isampuli yendle iyathathwa ize ivavanywe kwilebhu ukuze kubonakale ukuba ikhona na intsholongwane yepoliyo.
2. Ukuthatha isampuli yomqala:Kuthathwa intwana encinci ye-throat swab ize ivavanywe.
3. Ukubhoboza emqolo: Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, ugqirha unokufuna ukufaka inaliti encinci emgogodleni aze athathe ulwelo lomqolo oluncinci ukuze avavanye.
Ngaba ikho indlela yokunyanga ipoliyo?
Le yinyaniso ebuhlungu ekufuneka siyazi sonke. Akukho nyango lukhethekileyo lwepoliyo okwangoku. Oko kukuthi, akukho nyango lokususa intsholongwane emzimbeni.
Ngoko ke oogqirha benza ntoni? Bazama ukwenza isigulana sikhululeke kwaye balawule iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zesifo. Unyango loku zezi:
- Izithomalalisi zentlungu (umz. i-Ibuprofen)
- Iziphumzi zemisipha
- Ukuphumla ngokwaneleyo nokusela ulwelo
- Ukuqinisa izihlunu ngonyango lomzimba
- Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, sebenzisa i-ventilator ukukunceda uphefumle.
- Ukuba ukhubazekile, sebenzisa izixhobo zokuhamba (iibraces, isitulo esinamavili)
Eyona khuselo ilungileyo kwesi sifo sibulalayo - ugonyo lwepoliyo!
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kwisifo esingenanyango kukusithintela ngaphambi kokuba sivele. Esona sixhobo sinamandla esinaso kwipoliyo sisitofu sepoliyo .
Oko kwenziwa lolu gonyo kukuqeqesha imizimba yethu ukwenza ii-antibodies zokulwa ne-polio virus. Emva koko, ukuba intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni, imizimba yethu iya kuyitshabalalisa.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zemithi yokugonya ipoliyo:
- I-IPV (i-IPV) engasebenziyo: Le yi- vaccine esetyenziswa ngoku kumazwe amaninzi, kuquka neSri Lanka. Inikwa njengenaliti . Ikhuselekile kakhulu kwaye inika ukhuseleko lwe-99% xa zonke iidosi ezimiselweyo zithathwa.
- I-Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV): Le yi- oral vaccine eyayinikwa ngaphambili kwilizwe lethu. Ikwasebenza kakhulu, kodwa ayifumaneki rhoqo, kwaye kukho umngcipheko wokusasazeka kwe-polio ngolu gonyo, ngoko ke amazwe aphuhlileyo ngoku atshintshele kwi-IPV vaccine.
Ishedyuli yokugonywa
Phantsi kweNkqubo yeSizwe yokuGonya eSri Lanka, wonke umntwana unikwa ugonyo lwepoliyo simahla. Ishedyuli yile ilandelayo:
- Kwiinyanga ezi-2 ubudala
- Kwiinyanga ezi-4 ubudala
- Kwiinyanga ezi-6 ubudala
- Kwiinyanga ezili-18 ubudala
- Xa ndineminyaka emi-5 ubudala
Ngaba udinga isitofu sokugonya xa ungumntu omdala?
Ukuba ubukhe wazifumana zonke ezi gonyo usengumntwana, usakhuselekile. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uya kwilizwe apho ipoliyo isekhona khona (umz. ePakistan, eAfghanistan), thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokufumana idosi eyongezelelweyo (i-booster shot).
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ipoliyo sisifo esibi esibangelwa yintsholongwane esinokubangela ukukhubazeka okanye ukufa.
- Akukho nyango luthile olunokunyanga esi sifo okwangoku. Unyango lujoliswe kuphela ekulawuleni iimpawu.
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo nekuphela kwayo yokuzikhusela kwi-polio kukufumana isitofu se-polio.
- Qinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana zonke iidosi ezifanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Olu luxanduva lwakho.
- Intsholongwane yepoliyo ayibulawa zizibulali-ntsholongwane zotywala, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi rhoqo.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho unemibuzo malunga nokugonywa, thetha ngokukhululekileyo ngayo nogqirha wakho wosapho.
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