Sonke siyayazi imvakalelo yokulindela, umdla, kwanoloyiko oluncinci oluza kufunyanwa yingxelo yakho ye-mammogram. Xa ufumana ingxelo yakho, unokuba novalo ngakumbi xa ubona amagama ezonyango kuyo, ingakumbi inombolo ethi `BI-RADS`. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Asinguwe wedwa. Kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha ngokulula, ngokuba yintoni i-`BI-RADS` kunye nokuba ithini ngempilo yakho.
Yintoni i-BI-RADS?
Ngamafutshane, i-`BI-RADS` sisifinyezo se-`Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System`. Le yinkqubo eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa ngoogqirha kwihlabathi liphela. Isetyenziselwa ukwahlula iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwe-mammogram. Oko kukuthi, eli nqaku le-`BI-RADS` linceda ugqirha ukuba abe nombono ocacileyo wokuba i-X-ray yamabele akho ibonisa naziphi na iimpawu zomhlaza okanye akunjalo.
Phantsi kwale nkqubo, ingxelo yakho iya kufumana ixabiso ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-6. Oko kuthethwa yixabiso ngalinye yile nto siza kuyijonga ngoku.
| Amanqaku e-BI-RADS | Intsingiselo elula |
|---|---|
| Ixabiso 0 | Iziphumo azinakugqitywa. Oku kuthetha ukuba isigqibo esicacileyo asinakufunyanwa kwi-mammogram. Ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba ithelekiswe ne-mammogram yangaphambili okanye enze olunye uvavanyo, olufana ne-ultrasound scan. |
| Ixabiso 1 | Isiphumo esibi. Ezi zezona ndaba zimnandi! Akukho maqhuqhuva okanye utshintsho olungathandabuzekiyo emabeleni akho. Uyacetyiswa ukuba uqhubeke nokwenza ii-mammogram rhoqo. |
| Ixabiso 2 | Imeko engentle. Ufunyaniswe ukuba uneqhuma elingenamhlaza, elingenabungozi (elifana ne-fibroadenoma) okanye i-calcium deposits (calcifications) ebeleni lakho. Akukho sizathu sokukhathazeka ngale nto.Qhubeka ufumana ii-mammogram ngamaxesha akho acwangcisiweyo. |
| Ixabiso 3 | Amathuba okuba nomhlaza aphantsi kakhulu. Kufunyenwe iqhuma apha, kodwa kukho amathuba angama-98% okuba alinamhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha ufuna ukuqaphela ngakumbi oku. Ngoko ke, uza kukuxelela ukuba wenze enye i-mammogram ngaphambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo, malunga neenyanga ezi-6 kamva, ukuze ubone ukuba iqhuma litshintshile na. |
| Ixabiso 4 | Imeko erhanelekayo. Utshintsho oluchazwe apha lunethuba lokuba ngumhlaza. Ungakhathazeki, ukuthi 'kukho ithuba' akuthethi 'umhlaza'. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha ngokuqinisekileyo uya kucebisa ukuba kwenziwe i-biopsy ukuqinisekisa oku. |
| Ixabiso 5 | Amathuba okuba nomhlaza aphezulu kakhulu. Ukuba eli xabiso lifunyenwe, kukho amathuba angaphezu kwama-95% okuba umhlaza unobungozi ngokusekelwe kwimbonakalo ye-mammogram. Ngokuqinisekileyo kuyenziwa i-biopsy ukuqinisekisa oku. |
| Ixabiso 6 | Umhlaza oqinisekisiweyo. Eli xabiso linikwa umntu osele enziwe i-biopsy kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuba unomhlaza. Eli xabiso lisetyenziswa ngexesha le-mammogram ukujonga imeko ngaphambi kokuba aqale unyango okanye ngexesha lonyango. |
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba nokuba amanqaku e-BI-RADS angama-4 okanye ama-5, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho 'ukurhanelwa'. Ukuxilongwa okuqinisekileyo kwenziwa kuphela emva kokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy.
Masifunde nange-mammogram kunye novavanyo lwe-biopsy.
Uvavanyo lweMammogram
Olu luvavanyo lwe-X-ray oluyilwe ngokukodwa amabele. Uma phambi komatshini we-X-ray uze ubeke elinye lamabele akho kwindawo ethe tyaba. Emva koko, ingcali eqeqeshiweyo icinezela ibele lakho kancinci ukusuka phezulu ngomnye umphezulu. Oku kwenziwa ukuze izicubu zebele zinciphe kwaye naluphi na utshintsho ebeleni lubonakale ngokucacileyo kwi-X-ray.
Usenokuziva uxinezelekile, ungakhululekanga, kwanentlungu encinci ngeli xesha. Oku kuqhelekile. Xa elinye icala ligqityiwe, elinye ibele lihlolwa ngendlela efanayo. Ibele lakho lisenokuba buhlungu okanye lithambile emva kovavanyo.
Ingcali ye-X-reyi ihlola le mifanekiso ye-X-reyi ize ifumanise amanqaku e-'BI-RADS'. Nguye othumela le ngxelo kugqirha wakho.
Uvavanyo lwe-biopsy
Ukuba amanqaku akho e-BI-RADS ayathandabuzeka, njengo-4 okanye u-5, into elandelayo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyenze kukuhlolwa kwe-biopsy. Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli encinci kakhulu yezicubu kwindawo erhanelekayo uze uyivavanye kwilebhu. Le yindlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekileyo nge-100% ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza okanye azikho.
Ukongeza kwi-mammogram ekrokrisayo, kukho nezinye iimeko ezininzi apho ugqirha wakho angacebisa ukuba kwenziwe i-biopsy:
- Kuthekani ukuba ugqirha ufumana iqhuma esandleni sakho ngelixa ehlola ibele lakho?
- Ukuba kukho into ekrokrisayo ebonwayo ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound.
- Ukuba indawo ekrokrisayo ichongiwe ngexesha le-MRI scan.
- Ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho olungaqhelekanga kwingono yakho (umz., ukugquma, ukubotshwa, okanye ukuphuma kwamanzi).
Ukuba umhlaza uqinisekisiwe, loluphi unyango?
Ukuba ufunyaniswe unomhlaza webele, ukuqala unyango ngokukhawuleza yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo. Ugqirha wakho kunye nogqirha we-oncologist baya kugqiba ngonyango olungcono kuwe. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango eziphambili.
Utyando
Unyango oluphambili ludla ngokuba lutyando lokususa iiseli zomhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-chemotherapy okanye i-radiation inokunikwa ngaphambi kotyando lokunciphisa ithumba. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zotyando:
- Ukususwa kweLumpectomy: Oku kuquka ukususa kuphela ithumba elinomhlaza kunye nenani elincinci lezicubu eziphilileyo ezijikeleze lona. Oku kusetyenziswa kumhlaza omncinci, okwinqanaba lokuqala.
- Ukususwa kwebele: Oku kuquka ukususwa kwebele lonke. Ukuba usengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza kwixesha elizayo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba ususwe omabini amabele (i-double mastectomy).
Unyango lweMisebe
Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa imisebe yamandla enamandla ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza okanye iiseli ezisele emva kotyando. Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba (umhlaza webele osasazekayo), olu nyango lunokunceda ekunciphiseni iimpawu.
Unyango ngamakhemikhali
Oku kuquka ukunika umzimba amayeza akhethekileyo abulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye athintele ukukhula kwazo. La mayeza anokunikwa njengeenaliti ngemithambo yegazi (ngaphakathi) okanye njengeepilisi/ulwelo oluselayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-BI-RADS yinkqubo yokunika ingxelo esemgangathweni enika ugqirha wakho umbono ocacileyo weziphumo ze-mammogram yakho.
- Inqaku le-BI-RADS elingu-1 okanye 2 lithetha ukuba akukho nto ixhalabisayo. Yimeko eqhelekileyo okanye engenabungozi.
- Ungakhathazeki ukuba ufumana amanqaku e-BI-RADS angama-0, 3, 4, okanye 5. Oku kuthetha ukuba udinga uvavanyo olongezelelweyo okanye ingqalelo. Asikuko ukuxilongwa okuqinisekileyo 'komhlaza.'
- Kuphela yi-biopsy enokumisela ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ngumhlaza okanye akunjalo.
- Ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo malunga nengxelo oyifumeneyo, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo ngokukhululekileyo. Uza kukuchazela yonke into.
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