Yintoni iWilms Tumor? Ngaba umntwana wakho usemngciphekweni? Masiqaphele!

Ubuya kuziva njani ukuba ubuhlamba, unxiba, okanye ubambe umntwana wakho omncinci uze uve iqhuma elincinci esiswini sakhe? Oko kuyoyikisa ngokwenene, akunjalo? Ngamaxesha anje, kufuneka sicinge ngale meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-Wilms' tumor. Makhe sithethe ngayo namhlanje.

Yintoni kanye kanye iWilms Tumor?

Ngamafutshane, i-Wilms tumor luhlobo lomhlaza wezintso olwenzeka ebantwaneni abancinci. Ibangela malunga nama-90 ekhulwini omhlaza wezintso ebantwaneni. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-Wilms tumor inokwenzeka kunye nezinye iimeko ezikhoyo ekuzalweni. Sizibiza ngokuba yi-"congenital syndromes" okanye ingqokelela yeemeko ezikhoyo ekuzalweni.

Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-'(Wilms' tumor)` kunye ne-`(nephroblastoma)`. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho ithumba elinye kuphela kwintso enye. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantwana banokuba neethumba kuzo zombini izintso `(ezisemacaleni omabini)` okanye kunokubakho iindawo ezingaphezu kwesinye ezinomhlaza kwintso enye.

Ngubani ofumana oku kakhulu?

Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga esichaphazela abantu abadala. I-Wilms tumor ngumhlaza ochaphazela kakhulu abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-15 ubudala. Ama-95% abantwana abanesifo bafunyanwa bengekafiki kwiminyaka eli-10 ubudala.

Abantwana abamnyama abazalwa eAfrika basengozini enkulu kancinci. Abantwana baseAsia basengozini encinci. Kwakhona, amantombazana anamathuba amancinci okuba nayo kunamakhwenkwe.

Kwipesenti encinci kakhulu yeentsapho, oku kukwaxelwe ukuba yinto evela kwiijini.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Kwilizwe elifana neMelika, kuthiwa malunga nama-500 amatyala amatsha e-Wilms tumor axelwa minyaka le. Kunzima ukufumana iinkcukacha-manani ezichanekileyo malunga nokuba kwenzeka njani eSri Lanka, kodwa lo ngumhlaza onokubonwa ebantwaneni.

Ziziphi iimpawu zokuzalwa ezinokubonwa nge-Wilms tumor?

Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba abantwana abane-Wilms tumor babe nezinye iimeko zokuzalwa. Kodwa kusenokwenzeka. Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziphambili:

• Isifo sikaBeckwith-Wiedemann: Abantwana abanale sifo banomngcipheko we-5% ukuya kwi-10% wokuba ne-Wilms tumor. Le yimeko apho amalungu omzimba ekhula khona kunesiqhelo. Ngamanye amaxesha elinye icala lomzimba linokuba likhulu kunelinye.
• I-WAGR syndrome: Abantwana abanesi sifo basengozini engama-50% yokufumana i-Wilms' tumor (igama elithi W limele iWilms). Oku kunokubangela ukulahleka kwenxalenye ye- iris (i-Aniridia), kunye neengxaki zesini nezezintso.
• Isifo sikaDenys-Drash:Abantwana abanale mpawu zidibeneyo basengozini enkulu yokuba ne-Wilms tumor, enokubangela iingxaki kwizitho zokuzala kunye nezintso.

Zithini iimpawu zethumba laseWilms?

Khangela ezi mpawu kumntwana wakho:

• Iqhuma okanye ukuqina/iqhuma esiswini (esiswini). Eli qhuma okanye iqhuma linokuba buhlungu ngamanye amaxesha, kodwa uninzi lwexesha alibuhlungu.
• Intlungu yesisu.
• Igazi kumchamo (i-hematuria).
• Ifiva.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu). Oku kunokubangela ukopha empumlweni, iintloko ezibuhlungu, kunye namehlo abomvu kumntwana.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu , kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Yintoni ebangela i-Wilms tumor?

Enyanisweni, asikazi ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela i-Wilms' tumor. Nangona inani elincinci kakhulu labantu linokuba nesifo semfuza, akucaci ukuba kutheni sikhula kwiimeko ezininzi.

I-tumor yaseWilms ifunyaniswa njani (ixilongwa njani)?

Ukuba ubona iqhuma kwindawo ye-diaper yomntwana wakho, okanye ukuba iqhuma libangela ukuba usebenzise i-diaper enkulu, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukuvavanya i-tumor yaseWilms. Ezi qhuma ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba nkulu kunezintso.

Ukuba umntwana wakho unesinye sezifo esizixubushileyo ngaphambili okanye ingxaki yemfuza, ungathetha nogqirha wakho uze ugqibe kwelokuba uqhubeke novavanyo.

Uvavanyo olusetyenziswa ekuxilongeni i-Wilms tumor zezi:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba: Ngeli xesha, ugqirha uchukumisa isisu somntwana ngononophelo.
• Uvavanyo lomfanekiso:
• Iskeni ye-ultrasound yesisu.
• I-CT scan - Oku kudla ngokwenziwa ngokufaka ulwelo olukhethekileyo (umahluko).
• Ugqirha angenza ne-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan ukuze abone ukuba umhlaza usasazeke emiphungeni na.
• Olu vavanyo lwemifanekiso lunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umntwana wakho unethumba na. Lunokunceda ekuhlukaniseni ithumba laseWilms kunye nolunye uhlobo lomhlaza wezintso.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo: Olu vavanyo luquka uvavanyo lokusebenza kwesibindi kunye novavanyo lokujiya kwegazi.
• I-Biopsy: Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu kwithumba uze ulithumele kwilabhoratri ukuze livavanywe.

Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi malunga nokukhula komhlaza?

Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokufumanisa inqanaba le-Wilms tumor, oko kukuthi, ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"staging." Okukhona inani liphezulu, kokukhona umhlaza usasazeka kakhulu.

Oogqirha kumazwe aseYurophu basebenzisa inkqubo ye-International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP). Oogqirha eMelika naseKhanada basebenzisa inkqubo ye-Children's Oncology Group (COG).

Umahluko omnye phakathi kwezi ndlela zimbini kukuba kwindlela ye-COG, inqanaba lesimila liyahlolwa emva kotyando nangaphambi kokuba kunikwe i-chemotherapy (amayeza okulwa nomhlaza). Kwindlela ye-SIOP, utyando lwenziwa emva kwe-chemotherapy kwaye inqanaba lihlolwa kuphela emva koko.

Amanqanaba phantsi kwenkqubo ye-COG ahlulwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Inqanaba lokuQala: Ithumba likwizintso zomntwana kuphela kwaye linokususwa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando.
• Inqanaba lesiBini: Ithumba likhulele kwizintso, kodwa lingasuswa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando.
• Inqanaba lesiThathu: Ithumba alinakusulwa ngokupheleleyo. Iiseli zomhlaza zihlala esiswini somntwana (umgodi wesisu).
• Inqanaba lesi-4: Umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwesisu somntwana kunye ne-pelvis ukuya kwezinye iindawo, ezifana nemiphunga, isibindi, amathambo kunye nengqondo.
• Inqanaba lesi-5: Ithumba likwizintso zombini (ezisemacaleni omabini). Kweli nqanaba, oogqirha bajonga inqanaba lezintso zombini ngokwahlukeneyo.

Inyangwa njani i-Wilms tumor?

I-Wilms' tumor idla ngonyango ngokudibanisa utyando kunye ne-chemotherapy. Ngamanye amaxesha unyango lwe-radiation lungasetyenziswa.

Abantwana abaneethumba ezinobungozi obuphantsi, apho umhlaza ungasasazekanga kwaye ithumba linokususwa ngokupheleleyo, banokukwazi ukwenza utyando lodwa. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-chemotherapy inokunikwa ngaphambi kotyando ukuze inciphise ithumba, nto leyo eyenza utyando lube lukhuselekile.

I-chemotherapy idla ngokunikezelwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV). Oku kungenziwa kwisibhedlele sangaphandle okanye esibhedlele.

Umntwana wakho usenokuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kwi-chemotherapy okanye kwi-radiation therapy. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, qiniseka ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho. Kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye namayeza onokumnika umntwana wakho.

Ngaba ithumba likaWilms lingathintelwa?

Akukho nto wena okanye umntwana wakho ninokuyenza ukubangela okanye ukuthintela i-Wilms tumor. Le yinto engaphaya kwamandla ethu.

Ithini ingqikelelo yomntu onesifo se-Wilms tumor?

Ingqikelelo yesifo sikaWilms' tumor idla ngokuba ntle kwiimeko ezininzi. Isiphumo sidla ngokuba sihle kakhulu, ingakumbi ukuba ugqirha uyakwazi ukusisusa ngokupheleleyo esi sifo kwaye umhlaza awukasasazekanga kwenye indawo emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ithuba elincinci lokuba isifo sikaWilms' tumor "siya kuphinda sibuye".

Ngaba i-tumor yaseWilms ingabulala?

Nangona ithumba laseWilms linokunyangwa ngempumelelo ngokudibanisa utyando, i-chemotherapy, kunye/okanye unyango lwemitha,Lo ngumhlaza. Ngenxa yoko, unokubulala. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuwuqaphela kwangethuba uze uqale unyango.

Ingakanani izinga lokusinda kwe-Wilms tumor?

Malunga nama-90% abantu abafunyaniswe benesi sifo seWilms basaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Eli zinga linokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nenqanaba lomhlaza, ubungakanani besi sifo, kunye nendlela iiseli zomhlaza ezibonakala ngayo phantsi kwemicroscope (histology). Nangona kwakusithiwa abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala banomngcipheko omncinci wokuphinda babuye, ubudala ngoku abusabalulekanga kangako kunangaphambili.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam malunga nethumba laseWilms?

Ukuba umntwana wakho unyangwa ithumba likaWilms, bona ugqirha wakho ukuba unemibuzo okanye izinto ezikuxhalabisayo. Ingakumbi ukuba ubona naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha okanye ukuba kukho into ebonakala ngathi iya isiba mandundu, mxelele ngoko nangoko.

Ngexesha lonyango lwakho, iqela lakho lezonyango liza kukuxelela into omawuyilumkele, njengeempawu zosulelo lomchamo. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kunokufuneka uye kwigumbi likaxakeka.

Umntwana kuya kufuneka aye kutyelelo lokulandelela rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uphilile. Ugqirha angamthumela umntwana kwingcali yezintso (i-nephrologist) okanye kwingcali yenkqubo yomchamo (i-urologist).

Ndingamnceda njani umntwana wam ahlale esempilweni emva konyango lwe-Wilms tumor?

Kubalulekile ukuba umntwana wakho enze ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Sela ulwelo olwaneleyo ukuze izintso zakho zisebenze kakuhle.
• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza anjenge-aspirin, i-ibuprofen, kunye ne-naproxen. Thetha nogqirha womntwana wakho malunga nokuba zeziphi iimveliso ezinokuthi zonakalise izintso zomntwana wakho.
• Jonga uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi rhoqo.

Ngaba ithumba laseWilms libuhlungu?

Ngamanye amaxesha i-tumor yaseWilms inokuba buhlungu, kodwa ayisoloko ibuhlungu.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma) kunye ne-neuroblastoma?

Nangona la magama mabini evakala efana, ziintlobo ezimbini zomhlaza eziqala kwiintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zeeseli. I-Nephroblastoma ngumhlaza wezintso. I-Neuroblastoma ngumhlaza oqala kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo. Idla ngokuqala kwiindlala ze-adrenal, kodwa inokungena nezintso. Zombini ezi ntlobo zomhlaza zenzeka ebantwaneni, kwaye zombini zinokuvela njengeqhubu esiswini. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukufumana uxilongo oluchanekileyo.

Ukuba umntwana wakho ufunyaniswe ene-tumor yaseWilms, ugqirha wakho uya kukucebisa ukuba uqhagamshelane neziko lezonyango eligxile ekunyangeni umhlaza wabantwana. Nangona i-tumor yaseWilms ingaqhelekanga, sisifo esinokunyangeka. Umntwana wakho unokufaneleka ukuba athathe inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi. Abantwana abaninzi abane-tumor yaseWilms babhalisiwe kule nkqubo. Inkqubela phambili eninzi kunyango lwe-tumor yaseWilms yimiphumo yezi zilingo zeklinikhi.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu ngethumba likaWilms, akunjalo? Into ephambili ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba ukuba ubona naziphi na iziqwenga okanye ukudumba okungaqhelekanga esiswini somntwana wakho, ungoyiki kwaye ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

• I-Wilms' tumor ngumhlaza okhula kwizintso zabantwana abancinci.
• Nangona unobangela ochanekileyo woku ungaziwa, kusenokuba kukho impembelelo ethile yemfuza.
• Ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye inyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, amathuba okuchacha aphezulu kakhulu.
• Utyando, i-chemotherapy, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha unyango lwe-radiation zezona ndlela ziphambili zonyango.
• Nokuba emva konyango, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha ngononophelo kwaye uye kuhlolwa ngamaxesha amiselweyo.

Musa ukoyika. Isayensi yezonyango iphucuke kakhulu namhlanje. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yingqwalasela yakho kunye nenyathelo lakho ngokukhawuleza. Ndinqwenelela umntwana wakho ukuchacha ngokukhawuleza!

Ithumba likaWilms , i-nephroblastoma, umhlaza wobuntwana, umhlaza wezintso, impilo yabantwana, iimpawu zomhlaza, unyango lomhlaza