Ingabe ingane yakho nayo iyahlolwa nge-ANA? (Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA) Ungakhathazeki, ake sixoxe ngalokhu!

Ngesikhathi udokotela ekutshela ukuthi ingane yakho encane idinga ukwenza i-`(ANA Test)`, kumelwe ukuthi wazizwa wesaba kancane, akunjalo? "Kuyini lokhu kuhlolwa? Kungani kwenziwa lokhu? Ingabe kukhona okungahambi kahle ngengane yami?" Kuvamile ukuthi imibuzo efana nale ifike engqondweni. Yingakho sicabange ukuthi sizoxoxa ngalokhu `(ANA Test)` ngendlela elula ongayiqonda.

Kuyini lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-ANA?

Kalula nje, i-`(ANA Test)` iyisivivinyo esihlola ukuba khona kwento ebizwa ngokuthi i-`Antinuclear Antibodies` egazini lengane yakho. Kulungile, manje cishe uyazibuza ukuthi ayini la ma-antinuclear antibodies.

Ake siqale sixoxe ngama -antibodies . Ake sithi kuneqembu lamasosha amancane ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Lawa yiwo alwa namagciwane, njengegciwane namagciwane, angena emizimbeni yethu futhi asivikele ezifweni. Siwabiza ngokuthi ama-antibodies amasosha. Lawa uhlobo lweprotheni ekhiqizwa amangqamuzana ethu egazi amhlophe.

Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi amasosha omzimba wethu ayaphambuka. Esikhundleni sokuhlasela abahlaseli bakwamanye amazwe, la ma-antibodies aqala ukuhlasela amangqamuzana ethu aphilile. Ngale ndlela, ama-antibodies ahlasela amaseli ethu ngephutha abizwa ngokuthi ama-autoantibodies .

Manje, la ma-Antinuclear Antibodies angolunye uhlobo olunjalo lwama-autoantibodies. Lawa ahlose ngqo i-nucleus engaphakathi kwamaseli ethu. Uyazi, i-nucleus ifana nesikhungo sokulawula seseli. Iqukethe yonke imiyalelo yeseli, i-DNA. Ngakho-ke, uma kunezanele zala ma-Antinuclear Antibodies egazini, amasosha ethu omzimba angaqala ukuhlasela imizimba yethu. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi i-Autoimmune Disease .

Kodwa nansi into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule. ``(Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA)`` okungukuthi ``(Kuhle)``, okusho ukuthi i-ANA ikhona egazini, akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi kukhona isifo sokuzivikela komzimba. Cishe ama-30% abantu abaphilile bangase babe nezinga elithile le-ANA egazini labo. Futhi, amazinga e-ANA anganda ngesikhathi sokutheleleka okuthile kwegciwane noma lapho kusetshenziswa imithi ethile.

Yini esiyitholayo ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA?

Odokotela basebenzisa i-`(ANA Test)` hhayi nje ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isifo sokuzivikela komzimba sikhona noma cha. Kodwa imiphumela yalolu vivinyo ingasiza ekutholeni ukuthi hlobo luni lwesifo ingane engaba naso. Kunezifo eziningana zokuzivikela komzimba ezingaholela ku-`(ANA Test)`. Ake sibheke kafushane ezinye zazo:

• I-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE):Abantu abaningi bazi lokhu ngokuthi "i-Lupus." Lesi yisifo sokuzivikela komzimba esibangela ukuvuvukala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba, njengezicubu, isikhumba, izinso, kanye nenhliziyo. Izimpawu zifaka phakathi umkhuhlane, ukukhathala, ubuhlungu bamalunga, kanye nezilonda zesikhumba ezibomvu, eziphakanyisiwe (ikakhulukazi izilonda ezimise okwebhabhathane ebusweni).
• I-Scleroderma: Lesi yisifo esingavamile. Kulesi simo, isikhumba nezicubu zomzimba wengane ziyaqina kancane kancane futhi ziqine. Lokhu kungathinta hhayi isikhumba kuphela, kodwa nezitho zangaphakathi ezifana nomgudu wokugaya ukudla, amaphaphu, izinso, nenhliziyo.
• I-Polymyositis: Lesi yisifo esithinta imisipha. Sibangela ukuvuvukala kanye nobuthakathaka emisipheni. Sivame ukuthinta imisipha eseduze nomzimba.
• I-Dermatyositis: Lesi simo sinezimpawu ezifanayo neze-polymyositis, kodwa futhi sibangela izinkinga zesikhumba. Isibonelo, ungase ube nokuqubuka kwesikhumba, ukuvuvukala, noma amabala ansomi.
• Isifo Sezicubu Ezixubile (MCTD): Kulokhu, izimpawu zazo zonke izifo ezintathu, i-lupus, i-scleroderma, kanye ne-polymyositis, zingase zivele ndawonye noma zivele ngokulandelana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• I-Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): Lolu uhlobo lwe-arthritis olukhula ezinganeni ezincane. Lungathinta hhayi nje amalunga engane, njengezandla, izihlakala namadolo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi namehlo, amaphaphu nenhliziyo.
• I-Sjögren's Syndrome: Kulesi simo, izindlala ezikhiqiza umswakama emehlweni nasemlonyeni ziyalimala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amehlo nomlomo wengane kuyawoma. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amasosha omzimba ahlasela lezi zindlala.

Manje usuyabona ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani `(Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA)`. Kodwa-ke, uma udokotela elapha isifo esifana ne-lupus, benza ezinye izivivinyo ukuze babone ukuthi umuthi usebenza kahle kangakanani. `(Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA)` akwenziwa njalo ukuze kuqashwe isimo sesifo.

Kungani ingane yethu ingadinga ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA?

Manje ungase uzibuze, hlobo luni lwezimpawu olungenza udokotela ancome ukwenza lokhu `(Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA)`? Uma ingane yakho ibonisa izimpawu zesifo sokuzivikela komzimba, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwa.

Ziyini izimpawu zalezi zifo ezizimele?

Nakuba lezi zimpawu zingahluka, kunezinye ezivamile:

• Umkhuhlane ovamile.
• Ubomvu obufana nobebhabhathane ebusweni.
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu, uzizwa ungenampilo (Ukukhathala okukhulu).
• Ukuqina kwamalunga nokuvuvukala.
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha.

Uma ingane inesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, udokotela angenza "Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA" ukuze aphenye kabanzi.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA kwenziwa kanjani?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi lokhu `(Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA)` kwenziwa kanjani. Lokhu kufana nokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile. Kuthathwa isampula yegazi lengane bese kulinganiswa inani lama-antibody e-antinuclear `(ANA)` akulo.

Kukhona indlela ekhethekile evame ukusetshenziswa kulokhu, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) . Ngezinye izikhathi le ndlela ibizwa nangokuthi i-Fluorescent Antinuclear Antibody (FANA) test.

Yilokhu okwenzekayo endleleni ye-IFA: Udokotela wezifo uthatha i-serum yengane (ingxenye yegazi ewuketshezi) ayibeke ku-slide yengilazi engabukwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Bese, kufakwa uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-antibody olukhanya, noma olukhanyayo, kuyo. Lawa ma-antibodies e-fluorescent, uma kukhona i-ANA kusampula, azonamathela kulawo maseli. Bese, lapho udokotela wezifo ebheka i-slide ngaphansi kwe-microscope ekhethekile, amaseli ane-ANA azokhanya.

Ingabe udinga ukulungiselela ingane yakho ngaphambi kokuhlolwa?

Akukho ukulungiselela okukhethekile okudingekayo kulolu `(Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA)`. Ingane ingadla futhi iphuze ngendlela evamile ngosuku lokuhlolwa. Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma ingane yakho isebenzisa noma yimiphi imithi, kufanele nakanjani utshele udokotela ngakho . Ngoba eminye imithi ingabangela imiphumela ye-`(Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA)` ibe `(Emihle). Uma wena noma ingane yakho ninemibuzo ngalokhu, buza udokotela.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa?

Lokhu kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo nokukhishwa kwegazi njalo. Udokotela noma umhlengikazi uzothola umthambo omuhle engalweni yengane. Ngemuva kwalokho, bangafaka ibhande elincane elinwebekayo engalweni, noma bangase bacele ingane ukuba icindezele ingalo yayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, indawo lapho igazi lizokhishwa khona iyahlanzwa bese kufakwa inaliti encane emthanjeni.

Ingane ingase izwe umuzwa omncane wokuhlaba lapho inaliti ifakwa futhi ikhishwa. Ngemva kokuba igazi liqoqwe ngepayipi lokuhlola noma i-vial, ibhandishi liyasuswa bese inaliti isuswa. Ungase uzizwe umuzwa omncane wokuhlaba lapho igazi liqoqwe khona.

Ungakhathazeki, yonke le nqubo ithatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemihlanu.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlolwa?

Ngemva kokukhipha igazi, udokotela noma umhlengikazi uzobeka ucezu lukakotini noma i-gauze phezu kwendawo lapho igazi lidonswa khona bese efaka ingcindezi. Lokhu kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukopha, ukuvuvukala, kanye nokuklwebheka. Ibhandeji elihlanzekile nelomile lizobe selifakwa endaweni. Isampula yegazi izobe isithunyelwa elabhorethri.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi ngalolu vivinyo?

Akukho bungozi obukhulu obuhilelekile ekuhlolweni kwegazi. Ingane yakho ingase izwane nokungakhululeki noma ukudumba lapho igazi likhishwe khona. Kodwa-ke, ubuhlungu noma ukudumba kuzophela ngokushesha .

Ungawuqonda kanjani umbiko wokuhlolwa kwe-ANA?

Ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuthi umbiko wokuhlolwa kwe-ANA ufike. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma udokotela eke wenza nezinye izivivinyo, uzohlanganisa imiphumela yazo zonke bese ekuchazela zona.

Umbiko Wokuhlolwa kwe-ANA ukhuluma kakhulu ngezinto ezintathu: Ukuhumusha, inani le-Titer, kanye ne-Fluorescent Pattern.

Amaphuzu abalulekile embikweni

Ukuhumusha - Ingabe kuphambene noma kuhle?

• Okubi: Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-ANA ayitholakalanga egazini lengane. Uma kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ingane inesifo sokuzivikela komzimba.
• Okuhle: Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-ANA itholakale egazini lengane. Uma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona isifo sokuzivikela komzimba, kodwa kudingeka ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe lokho.

Iyini inani le-titer?

Leli nani le-"Titer" likutshela ukuthi angakanani ama-antibodies egazini lengane. Lokhu kutholakala kanje: Udokotela wezifo uncibilikisa ingxenye yoketshezi ecebile ngamaprotheni egazini lengane (i-plasma) ngokufaka amanzi anosawoti amancane (amanzi anosawoti). Njengoba nje sincibilikisa i-cordial ngamanzi lapho senza isiphuzo.

Okokuqala, kwenziwa ingxube yezingxenye ezingu-40 ze-plasma enengxenye eyodwa ye-saline (1:40). Le ngxube ibe isixutshwa kakhulu (isb. 1:80, 1:160, 1:320). Isampula ngayinye exutshwe kahle ihlolwa i-ANA. Ukuxuba kokugcina okubonisa i-ANA ``Positive`` kuqoshwa njengenani le-``Titer`` embikweni. Isibonelo, inani elingu-1:160 libonisa ukuhlushwa kwe-ANA okungaphezu kuka-1:80. Inani elingu-1:40 noma ngaphansi ngokuvamile alibhekwa njengelibalulekile.

Kusho ukuthini iphethini ye-fluorescent?

Uma i-ANA ikhona, uma ibukwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope, amaseli akhombisa iphethini, efana ne-speck. Le phethini ingakunikeza umbono wokuthi yisiphi isifo sokuzivikela komzimba ongase ube naso . Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphethini:

• Ifana: I-nucleus yonke ikhanya ngokulinganayo. Lena yindlela evame kakhulu. Ingenzeka kunoma yisiphi isifo sokuzivikela komzimba, kodwa ivame kakhulu ku-lupus noma ku-Sjögren's Syndrome.
• Amachashazi: Kulokhu, i-nucleus ibonakala njengamachashazi amancane noma ama-granule akhazimula kuyo yonke indawo. Lokhu kungabonisa nezifo ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-lupus kanye ne-Srogens syndrome.
• I-Centromere: Yilapho kubonakala khona ukudaya kwe-ANA kuma-chromosome. Le ndlela ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nesifo i-Scleroderma.
• I-Nucleolar:Kulesi simo, ukudaya kwe-ANA kubonakala eduze kwe-nucleolus (lapho ama-ribosome enziwa khona esitokisini) ngaphakathi kwe-nucleus. Lokhu kungahlotshaniswa nezimo ezifana ne-scleroderma, i-Srogens syndrome, kanye nesifo se-mixed connective tissue (MCTD). Ngezinye izikhathi kungaba umphumela ongalungile.
• Okuzungezile: Kulokhu, ukudaya kwe-ANA kubonakala emaphethelweni e-nucleus. Lokhu kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-lupus.

Yini okufanele uyenze uma umbiko we-ANA ubonisa ukuthi ulungile?

Umbiko wokuhlolwa kwe-ANA "Okuhle" usho ukuthi ingane ine-anti-nuclear antibodies egazini layo. Lokhu kungabonisa ukuthi ingane inesifo sokuzivikela komzimba esifana ne-lupus.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, ungesabi ukuthi ingane yakho inesifo sokuzivikela komzimba ngoba nje umbiko we-ANA "uthi "Ulungile". Abantu abaningi abaphilile bangaba ne-ANA egazini labo. Futhi, eminye imithi kanye nokutheleleka ngamagciwane kungashintsha imiphumela "yokuhlolwa kwe-ANA".

Uma ukuhlolwa kwengane yakho (i-ANA Test)` kukuhle, udokotela uvame ukwenza ezinye izivivinyo eziningana ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa isifo. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-`(ANA Test)` yodwa ayikwazi ukunquma ukuthi isifo sokuzivikela komzimba sikhona yini. Ukuze anqume ukuthi isifo sikhona yini noma cha, udokotela uzocabangela zonke izici ezilandelayo:

• Imiphumela ye-`(ANA Test)` (inani le-titer, iphethini).
• Izimpawu eziboniswa yingane.
• Izinto ozibonayo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngokomzimba kwengane yakho.
• Imiphumela yezinye izivivinyo zelebhu.

Imibuzo ebalulekile okufanele uyibuze udokotela

Uma ingane yakho idinga ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA, kunemibuzo ebalulekile ongayibuza udokotela:

• Ingabe ingane idinga ukulungiselela ngokukhethekile lolu `(Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA)`?
• Ingabe ezinye izivivinyo zenziwa kanye `(Ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA)`?
• Imiphumela ye-`(ANA Test)` yengane ingasiza kanjani ekuqondeni imbangela yezimpawu zayo?
• Ingabe ingane idinga ukuhlolwa okulandelayo ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yalolu vivinyo?

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Kujwayelekile ukuthi wena nomntanakho nizizwe nisaba futhi nikhathazekile lapho nithola ukuthi ingane yakho idinga ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA. Kodwa khumbula, lokhu ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula nje okuthatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemihlanu.

Imiphumela ye-`(ANA Test)` iyisici esisodwa udokotela asicabangelayo lapho enza isinqumo ngesifo sokuzivikela komzimba. Kanye nalokhu, kucatshangelwa nezinye izinto eziningi, njengezimpawu zengane, umlando wezokwelapha womndeni, kanye nemiphumela yezinye izivivinyo. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela ye-`(ANA Test)` inganikeza izinkomba ezibalulekile zokunquma ukuthi ingane inesifo sokuzivikela komzimba noma cha. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi futhi ubhekane nalesi sivivinyo ngengqondo ezolile. Buza udokotela noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo.

Impilo yengane , ukuhlolwa kwe-ANA, izifo ezibangelwa amasosha omzimba, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuxilongwa, amasosha omzimba, i-lupus