Sonke siyaphefumula nsuku zonke. Kodwa wake wacabanga ukuthi zingaki izinto ezisemoyeni esiziphefumulayo esingenakuzibona? Ngokufanayo, namuhla sikhuluma ngohlobo lwesikhunta esisizungezile, enhlabathini, phakathi kwemfucumfucu yamaqabunga omile, kodwa ngokuvamile asikhathazi. Siphefumula lesi khunta nsuku zonke, kodwa amasosha omzimba wethu ayasilawula kalula. Kodwa-ke, kwabanye abantu, ikakhulukazi labo abanezivikelo zomzimba ezibuthakathaka, lesi khunta singaba yingozi kakhulu. Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi yi-Aspergillosis ngokwezokwelapha.
Kalula nje, iyini i-Aspergillosis?
I-Aspergillosis igama elijwayelekile lezifo eziningana ezibangelwa yi-fungus i-Aspergillus. Le fungus ivame kakhulu endaweni yethu, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle, ezindaweni ezifana neqabunga elomile, amagxolo ezihlahla, inhlabathi kanye nomquba. Ngezinye izikhathi ingatholakala ngaphakathi ezindaweni ezimanzi.
Cabanga nje, siphefumula izinkulungwane zama-spores alesi sikhunta nsuku zonke. Kodwa uhlelo lwethu lokuzivikela lomzimba, uhlelo lokuzivikela, lunamandla kangangokuthi aluvumeli lesi sikhunta ukuba sibangele izifo emizimbeni yethu. Kodwa-ke, imizimba yabanye abantu ayikwazi ukulwa nalesi sikhunta. Yilapho izinkinga ziqala khona. Lesi sikhunta singabangela ukungezwani komzimba, izifo zamaphaphu ezingamahlalakhona, noma ngisho nezifo ezihlaselayo ezisakazekela ezithweni ezinkulu njengobuchopho, izinso, namaphaphu.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lokho abanye abantu abakubheka njenge-"black mold" kanye nale fungus ebizwa ngokuthi i-Aspergillus kuyizinto ezimbili ezahlukene. I-black mold uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-fungus. Kodwa zombili ziyizinhlobo ze-fungus ezingenza abanye abantu bagule.
Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo?
Akuwona wonke umuntu othola i-aspergillosis. Kodwa abanye abantu banamathuba amaningi okuyithola. Ingozi iyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesifo. Ake sibheke ukuthi ubani osengozini enkulu.
| Uhlobo lwe-aspergillosis | Labo abangathinteka kakhulu |
|---|---|
| I-Allergy Aspergillosis | Abantu asebevele benezifo zokuphefumula ezifana ne-asthma, i-bronchiectasis, noma i-cystic fibrosis. |
| I-Aspergillosis Engapheli | Abantu abanezifo zamaphaphu zesikhathi eside njenge-COPD, i-sarcoidosis, kanye nesifo sofuba. |
| I-Aspergillosis Ehlaselayo | Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka kakhulu . Isibonelo:
|
Lo mkhunta ungena kanjani emizimbeni yethu?
Kalula nje, uma siphefumula, ama-spores e-Aspergillus emoyeni adlula emakhaleni ethu aye emaphashini ethu. Yilapho kuqala khona ukusabela kokungezwani komzimba noma ukutheleleka. Uma amasosha omzimba wakho ebuthakathaka, leli fungus lingahamba lisuka lapho liye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Futhi, leli fungus lingangena emzimbeni ngisho nangenxeba esikhumbeni.
Khumbula, i-aspergillosis ayisona isifo esithathelwanayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ayinakusabalala isuka komunye umuntu iye komunye.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-aspergillosis?
Izimpawu zalesi sifo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo onalo kanye nendawo okukuyo ukutheleleka. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezo ezihlobene namaphaphu.
- Ukukhwehlela: Ngezinye izikhathi igazi elincane lingaphuma ne-phlegm.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumula: Ungase uzizwe uphelelwa umoya ngisho nangemva kokuzikhandla kancane.
- Ukuphefumula: Lokhu kuvamile phakathi kweziguli ezine-asthma.
- Ubuhlungu besifuba: Ukuzwa ukuqina noma ubuhlungu esifubeni lapho uphefumula.
- Umkhuhlane: Uphawu oluvamile lokutheleleka emzimbeni.
Abantu abane-aspergillosis yamaphaphu engapheli bangase babe nezimpawu ezifana nokukhathala nokwehla kwesisindo .
Uma ukutheleleka kusakazekela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kungase kuvele ezinye izimpawu ezihlobene naleso sitho.
Uyithola kanjani ngokunembile lesi sifo?
Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu ze-aspergillosis zifana nezezinye izifo eziningi, ukuhlonza lesi sifo kungaba nzima kancane. Udokotela wakho uzohlola ngokucophelela izimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nezici eziyingozi. Bangase futhi benze ezinye izivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuhlonza.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe: I-X-ray yesifuba noma i-CT scan ingabheka amabhola e-fungal noma ezinye izimpawu zokutheleleka emaphashini.
- Ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba: Ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma kwesikhumba kunganquma ukuthi une-aspergillosis yokungezwani komzimba.
- I-Biopsy: Kuthathwa isampula encane yezicubu ezivela emaphashini noma endaweni ethelelekile bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona isikhunta.
- Isiko: Isampula yesikhwehlela sakho, igazi, noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba liyathathwa bese lihlolwa elabhorethri ukuze kubonakale ukuthi isikhunta i-Aspergillus siyakhula lapho.
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi: Lokhu kuhlolwa kusiza ukuhlonza ngokushesha uhlobo oluhlaselayo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka kakhulu.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?
Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lwe-aspergillosis onayo, ubukhali besifo, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Kunezindlela ezintathu zokwelapha eziyinhloko.
1. Imithi yokulwa nesikhunta
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-aspergillosis zelashwa ngale mithi. Kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi udokotela wakho ayinikezayo (isib. i-Voriconazole, i-Itraconazole) isikhathi sonke somuthi. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma umuthi owodwa ungasebenzi, udokotela wakho angase akunikeze omunye umuthi.
2. Ukuhlinzwa
Uma kukhona i-fungus eyodwa (i-aspergilloma) eyakheka ngaphakathi kwamaphaphu, ukususwa kwe-mass ngokuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kungasiqeda ngokuphelele lesi sifo. Kwezinye izimo zokutheleleka okukhulu, ukuhlinzwa kungadingeka.
3. Ama-Corticosteroids
Lezi zisetshenziswa kakhulu kwi-allergy type aspergillosis (ABPA). Le mithi isebenza ngokulawula ukuvuvukala okweqile emzimbeni. Iza ngezindlela ezahlukene njengamaphilisi, ama-inhaler, kanye nama-spray ekhala.
Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela noma uye esibhedlela ngokushesha?
Uma ungomunye wamaqembu asengozini okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla (isib. umuntu othola isitho somzimba, umuntu othola ukwelashwa komdlavuza, umuntu onesifo sikashukela), qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nendlela yokuvimbela nokubona izifo zesikhunta kusenesikhathi.
Futhi, uma wazi ukuthi amasosha akho omzimba abuthakathaka futhi uba nezimpawu zokutheleleka, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Uma unezinye zezimpawu ezilandelayo ezinzima, iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze ngokushesha.
| Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo | |
|---|---|
| 🌡️ Umkhuhlane ophakeme | Ukuba nomkhuhlane ongaphezu kwama-degree Celsius angu-40 (103 Fahrenheit). |
| 😮💨 Ukuphefumula kanzima | Ubunzima bokuphefumula. |
| 🩸 Ukukhwehlela igazi | Ukopha okuxubene ne-mucus noma ukopha okukhulu. |
| 🧠 Ukudideka | Izinguquko ekukhumbuleni, i-dementia. |
| ⚫ Ukukhanya kwesikhumba | Ukufiphala kwesikhumba, izicubu, noma i-mucus ephuma ekhaleni. |
| 🔵 Ubuluhlaza Okwesibhakabhaka (i-Cyanosis) | Ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba, izindebe, noma izinzipho okwesibhakabhaka (lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esiyingozi sokuntuleka komoya-mpilo egazini). |
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Aspergillosis ukutheleleka okubangelwa yi-fungus evame ukutholakala endaweni yethu.
- Le fungus ayibangeli umonakalo omkhulu kubantu abaphilile abanokuzivikela okuhle komzimba.
- Abantu abanezivikeli mzimba ezibuthakathaka, labo abanezifo zamaphaphu ezifana ne-asthma, kanye nalabo abanezifo ezifana nesifo sikashukela basengozini enkulu.
- Izimpawu ezivamile ezifana nokukhwehlela, umkhuhlane, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula yizona zimpawu eziyinhloko. Ngakho-ke, uma useqenjini elisengozini, qaphela lezi zimpawu.
- Izindlela zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwesifo. Ukuhlinzwa, imithi yokubola, kanye nemithi ye-steroid yizona eziyinhloko.
- Uma ungoweqembu elisengozini futhi unezimpawu ezimbi kakhulu, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
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