Ake sifunde kabanzi ngokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze sibone ingozi yesifo semithambo yenhliziyo.

Wake wazibuza ukuthi inhliziyo yakho iphilile kangakanani? Ngezinye izikhathi singaba nezifo ezihlobene nenhliziyo singazi. Kodwa ngenhlanhla, kunezivivinyo zegazi ezingasiza ekutholeni lezi zici eziyingozi kusenesikhathi. Ngakho-ke namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi ziyini lezi zivivinyo zegazi nokuthi zingakusiza kanjani ekutholeni ingozi yakho yesifo senhliziyo, ikakhulukazi isifo semithambo yegazi yenhliziyo (CAD). Ake sizame ukuqonda lokhu kalula, njengokungathi ukhuluma nomngane.

Kungani udinga lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi?

Manje kungenzeka ukuthi uyazibuza, "Kungani ngidinga lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi?" Akuwona wonke umuntu okudingayo ngokushesha. Kodwa kunezimo ezithile lapho udokotela angancoma khona ukuthi wenze lokhu kuhlolwa. Bheka ukuthi lezi zizathu ziyasebenza yini kuwe:

• Imikhuba yokudla: Uvame ukudla ukudla okungenampilo okunamafutha amaningi, ushukela kanye nofulawa.
• Umlando womndeni: Uma kukhona emndenini wakho, ikakhulukazi umama wakho, ubaba, noma izingane zakini, oke waba nesifo semithambo yenhliziyo (CAD) ngaphambi kokuba abe neminyaka engu-50 .
• Ukukhuluphala noma ukuzuza isisindo: Uma isisindo somzimba wakho siphezulu kakhulu kunesijwayelekile.
• Ukuntuleka kokuzilolonga: Uma umzimba ungawutholi umzimba owanele emini.
• Ukubhema: Uma ubhema noma usebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo zikagwayi (isb., i-betel nut noma iqabunga le-betel).
• Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha: Uma usuvele unezifo ezifana ne-Diabetes Mellitus, i-High Blood Pressure, noma uma uke waba nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi ngaphambilini.

Uma unenye noma ngaphezulu yalezi zinkinga, kungaba ukuhlakanipha ukukhuluma nodokotela bese uthola ukuhlolwa kwegazi okufana nalokhu.

Ubani owenza lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi?

Ngokuvamile, isampula yegazi ithathwa kuwe ngumuntu oqeqeshwe ngale njongo. Sibabiza ngokuthi "uchwepheshe we-Phlebotomist" noma "uchwepheshe we-Phlebotomy". Bese leli sampula legazi lithunyelwa elabhorethri yezokwelapha. Kukhona "uchwepheshe welabhorethri yezokwelapha" lapho. Usebenzisa imishini ekhethekile ukukala izinto ezahlukene egazini lakho futhi alungiselele umbiko.

Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kulinganisani ukuthola ingozi yesifo senhliziyo?

Kulungile, manje ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kubhekani. Yilokhu odokotela abakusebenzisayo ukuthola umbono ngengozi yakho yesifo senhliziyo.

I-Cholesterol kanye Nezici Ezihlobene Nayo

• I-Cholesterol Ephelele (TC): Lena inani eliphelele le-cholesterol egazini lakho. Lihlobene ngqo nengozi yakho yesifo senhliziyo.
• Ama-Triglycerides (TG): Lona futhi uhlobo lwamafutha. Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa nesifo senhliziyo. Ushukela olula, ama-carbohydrate alula (njengesinkwa, ilayisi), ukudla okunamafutha, kanye notshwala esikudlayo kungakhuphula la mazinga '(TG). Lokhu kungancishiswa ngokuzivocavoca okuhle.
• I-High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL): Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi “i-cholesterol enhle.” Uma itholakala kakhulu egazini, ingozi yesifo senhliziyo iyancipha.
• I-Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL): Yilokhu esikubiza ngokuthi “i-cholesterol embi.” Uma itholakala kakhulu egazini, ingozi yesifo senhliziyo iba nkulu.
• I-Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)): Lokhu kwakheka lapho iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-apo(a) inamathele ku-LDL cholesterol. Uma izinga layo liphezulu egazini, kuba nengozi eyengeziwe yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, amahlule egazi, ukufakwa kwamafutha emithanjeni ngemva kokuhlinzwa kwe-coronary artery bypass, kanye nokuncipha kwe-coronary artery futhi ngemva kwe-angioplasty. Lokhu kungasebenza nasemindenini. Ngakho-ke, uma othile emndenini eke waba nesifo senhliziyo esemncane, udokotela uzoncoma lokhu kuhlolwa.
• I-Apolipoprotein B (ApoB): Lena iphrotheni enkulu ku-cholesterol. Ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi amazinga e-ApoB ayinkomba engcono yengozi kunamazinga e-LDL kuphela. Amazinga aphezulu e-ApoB abonisa inani elikhulayo lezinhlayiya ze-LDL ezincane neziqinile.

Ezinye izingxenye zegazi ezibalulekile kanye nezinkomba

• Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele Okune-Differential (CBC): Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa inani lamaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet egazini lakho. Kungabona izimo ezifana ne-anemia, okuwukuntuleka kwamaseli abomvu egazi.
• I-Homocysteine ​​​​(Hcy): Lena yi-amino acid. Amazinga aphezulu alokhu egazini andisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.
• I-Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c): Lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kusiza ekuxilongeni isifo sikashukela. Isifo sikashukela yisimo esanda ingozi yesifo semithambo yenhliziyo (CAD). Lokhu kuhlolwa kubonisa izinga likashukela egazini elijwayelekile ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ezedlule.
• Ukuzila Ukudla Nge-glucose Egazini / Ukuzila Ukudla Nge-glucose Egazini: Lokhu kulinganisa izinga likashukela egazini lakho ekuseni ngemva kokuzila ukudla ubusuku bonke. Kungabona ukuthi umuntu unesifo sikashukela esingakanani kanye nesifo sikashukela, kokubili okwandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.
• I-Creatine Kinase (CK): Lena yi-enzyme etholakala emisipheni. Amazinga ayo angakhuphuka uma uthatha imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol (isib. ama-statin).
• I-Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) noma i-SGPT: Lena yi-enzyme etholakala esibindini. Amazinga ayo angakhuphuka uma uthatha imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol.
• I-Aspartate Transaminase (AST) noma i-SGOT: Lena enye i-enzyme esibindini. Ingaphakanyiswa futhi uma uthatha imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol.
• I-Fibrinogen:Lena iphrotheni egazini lakho. Isiza ukujiya kwegazi lakho. Kodwa uma ikhuphuka kakhulu, yandisa ingozi yakho yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo.
• I-hormone Evuselela I-thyroid (TSH): Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi i-thyroid gland yakho isebenza kahle kangakanani. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-thyroid kuye kwahlotshaniswa nesifo senhliziyo kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile.
• I-Ultra-sensitive C-reactive Protein (us-CRP) noma i-High-sensitivity CRP: Lokhu kubonisa ukuvuvukala emithanjeni yegazi. Uma izinga layo liphezulu, kulapho ingozi yesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi iphakama khona.
• Isilinganiso se-Urine Albumin-Creatinine (uACR): Lokhu kulinganisa inani leprotheyini emchameni. Ngisho nenani elincane leprotheyini emchameni liyisici esiyingozi sesifo senhliziyo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela.
• I-MPO (Myeloperoxidase): Lokhu futhi kuyisibonakaliso sokuvuvukala. Amazinga aphezulu alokhu ahlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, kanye nesidingo sokuhlinzwa kwe-coronary artery bypass. Amazinga aphezulu alokhu angabonisa futhi ukuthi isifo senhliziyo siya siba sibi kakhulu.
• I-Vitamin D: Lena yi-vitamin encibilikayo emafutheni. Ilawula amazinga e-calcium ne-phosphate emzimbeni. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina amathambo ephilile. Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin D kuhlotshaniswa nezingozi ezahlukene zempilo. Futhi, uma unenkinga yokubekezelela ama-statin (imithi ye-cholesterol), lokhu kuntuleka kwe-vitamin D kungaba yimbangela.
• I-Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO): Lokhu kukhiqizwa amabhaktheriya asemathunjini akho. Kutholakala ngobuningi obukhulu enyameni, emaqandeni, nasemikhiqizweni yobisi. Izithako ezifana ne-choline, i-lecithin, ne-L-carnitine nazo zingakhuphula amazinga e-TMAO. Amazinga aphezulu e-TMAO egazini angandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, kanye ne-atherosclerosis.
• I-Amino-terminal, i-pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP): Le phrotheni yenziwa enhliziyweni yakho. Ikhishwa egazini uma inhliziyo yakho ingaphansi kokucindezeleka okwengeziwe. Amazinga aphezulu ale phrotheni abonisa ingozi ephezulu yesifo senhliziyo futhi angabonisa nokwehla kokusebenza kwenhliziyo. Ezinye izivivinyo zingenziwa ukuze kutholakale okwengeziwe.
• I-Serum Creatinine (CR): Lokhu kuhlobene nokusebenza kwezinso. Uma izinso zingasebenzi kahle, kungabangela ukucindezeleka enhliziyweni. Ukwehluleka kwezinso okungapheli kuyisimo esingandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo. Futhi inhliziyo ingathinta nezinso.
• Isilinganiso Sengozi Sesifo Senhliziyo Esibangelwa Yi-Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD): Lesi silinganiso sibikezela ingozi yakho yokuba nesigameko "se-atherosclerotic" (njengokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo noma isifo sohlangothi) eminyakeni eyi-10 ezayo.

Cabanga ngale ndlela, ukuhlolwa ngakunye kufana nomseshi. Kuthatha inkomba ngayinye ukuhlanganisa isithombe sonke. Ngendlela efanayo, odokotela babheka le mibiko yokuhlolwa bese befinyelela esiphethweni mayelana nempilo yenhliziyo yakho.

Ungazilungiselela kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwegazi?

Ngaphambi kokuba ukhishwe igazi lakho, kubalulekile ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi udinga ukuyeka yini ukuthatha noma yimiphi imithi, amavithamini, noma izithasiselo ozithathayo. Eminye imithi ingathinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi. Kodwa ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha noma yimiphi imithi ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela wakho.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okunye kudinga ukuthi uzile ukudla amahora amaningana (ngokuvamile amahora angu-8-12) ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Ngakho-ke buza udokotela wakho ngalokhu ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.

Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa?

Udokotela we-phlebotomist uvame ukufaka inaliti emthanjeni ongalweni yakho engenhla noma ngaphakathi kwendololwane yakho. Ungase uzizwe umuzwa wokuhlaba njengoba inaliti ifakwa emthanjeni. Ukukhishwa kwegazi kuthatha cishe umzuzu.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokukhishwa kwegazi?

Ngemva kokuthathwa kwesampula yegazi, udokotela we-phlebotomist ususa inaliti, abambe indawo yesampula yegazi endaweni yayo, afake iplasta noma ucezu lukakotini, bese efaka i-binder.

Ziyini imiphumela engiyitholayo? Zingitshelani?

Imiphumela izohluka kuye ngezinto ezahlukene egazini lakho. Udokotela wakho uzokhuluma nawe ngemiphumela yakho futhi akutshele ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo.

Nazi ezinye izindinganiso ezijwayelekile ezilindelekile zokuhlolwa okuningana okubalulekile okuhlobene nengozi yesifo senhliziyo:

• I-Cholesterol Ephelele (TC):
• Ubudala obungu-20 noma ngaphansi: Phakathi kuka-75 - 169 mg/dL.
• Ubudala obungu-21 noma ngaphezulu: Phakathi kuka-100 - 199 mg/dL.
• Ama-Triglycerides (TG): Angaphansi kuka-150 mg/dL alungile. Uma engaphezu kuka-500 - 1000 mg/dL, kunengozi ye-pancreatitis. Leli zinga livame ukuba phezulu kubantu abakhuluphele kanye nabantu abanesifo sikashukela.
• I-high-density lipoprotein (i-HDL - "i-cholesterol enhle"): Uma lokhu kuphakeme, kungcono.
• Amadoda: ngaphezu kuka-45 mg/dL.
• Owesifazane: ngaphezu kuka-55 mg/dL.
• I-low-density lipoprotein (LDL - "i-cholesterol embi"): Uma iphansi, kungcono. Izinga elilindelekile lizohluka kuye ngesimo sakho sempilo:
• Uma unesifo senhliziyo, isifo semithambo yegazi, isifo sikashukela, noma usengozini enkulu kakhulu yesifo senhliziyo: Ngaphansi kuka-70 mg/dL.
• Uma une-`(Metabolic Syndrome)` noma unezici ezingaphezu kweyodwa zengozi yesifo senhliziyo: Ngaphansi kuka-100 mg/dL.
• Uma usengozini encane yokuthola isifo semithambo yenhliziyo: Ngaphansi kuka-130 mg/dL.
• Inani eliphelele legazi (i-CBC):
• Inani lamaseli amhlophe egazi: 5,000 - 10,000 (nge-microliter ngayinye).
• I-Hematocrit (inani legazi elenziwe ngamaseli abomvu egazi): Abesilisa 40% - 55%; Abesifazane 36% - 48%.
• I-Hemoglobin (ingxenye yamaseli abomvu egazi ethwala umoya-mpilo): Abesilisa abangu-14 - 18 gm/dL; Abesifazane abangu-12 - 16 gm/dL.
• I-Lipoprotein (A) (Lp(a)): Ngaphansi kuka-30 mg/dL kuhle.
• I-Apolipoprotein B (ApoB): Ngaphansi kuka-100 mg/dL kuhle.
• I-Homocysteine ​​​​(Hcy): Ngaphansi kuka-15 mcmol/L kuhle.
• I-Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c):
• Izinga eliphilile: 6% noma ngaphansi.
• I-prediabetes: 5.7% - 6.4%.
• Isifo sikashukela: 6.5% noma ngaphezulu.
• Okuhlosiwe kumuntu onesifo sikashukela: 6.5% - ngaphansi kuka-7%.
• I-glucose yegazi yokuzila ukudla: Ngaphansi kuka-100 mg/dL kuhle.
• I-prediabetes: 100 - 125 mg/dL.
• Isifo sikashukela: 126 mg/dL noma ngaphezulu ngezikhathi ezimbili ezihlukene.
• I-Creatine Kinase (CK): Ibanga elijwayelekile 30 - 220 U/L.
• I-Alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGPT): Ibanga elijwayelekile 5 - 45 U/L.
• I-Aspartate transaminase (AST/SGOT): Ibanga elijwayelekile 7 - 40 U/L.
• I-Fibrinogen: Ibanga elijwayelekile 200 - 400 mg/dL.
• I-Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH): Uhla olufanele luyi-0.4 - 5.5 mIU/mL. (Lokhu kungahluka uma uke welashwa nge-thyroid ngaphambilini.)
• Iphrotheni esabela ku-C ezwela kakhulu (i-us-CRP):
• Ingozi ephansi: ngaphansi kuka-2.0 mg/L.
• Ingozi emaphakathi: 2.0 - 3.0 mg/L.
• Ingozi ephezulu: ngaphezu kuka-3.0 mg/L.
• Isilinganiso se-albumin-creatinine yomchamo (uACR): Ngaphansi kuka-30 mg/g kuhle.
• I-MPO: Ngaphansi kuka-420 pmol/L kuhle.
• I-Vitamin D: Ibanga elifanelekile ngu-31 - 80 ng/ml.
• I-Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO):
• Ingozi ephansi: ngaphansi kuka-6.2 um.
• Ingozi emaphakathi: 6.2 - 9.9 um.
• Ingozi ephezulu: 10 um noma ngaphezulu.

(Uma amazinga e-TMAO ephezulu, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukwehlisa i-LDL nokulawula ezinye izici eziyingozi. Angase ancome nokuphuza i-aspirin ephansi kabili ngosuku nokulandela ukudla kwaseMedithera.)

• I-NT-proBNP: Ngaphansi kuka-125 pg/mL kuhle.
• I-Serum Creatinine (CR):
• Owesifazane: 0.58 - 0.96 mg/dL.
• Amadoda: 0.73 - 1.22 mg/dL.
• Isilinganiso sengozi se-ASCVD:
• Ingozi ephansi: <5%
• Ingozi yomngcele: 5-7.4%
• Ingozi emaphakathi: 7.5-<20%
• Ingozi ephezulu: >20%

Okubalulekile: Lezi yizilinganiso ezimaphakathi nje. Imiphumela yakho kufanele iqhathaniswe nezinye izici eziningi, njengobudala bakho, ubulili, kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke , kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngale miphumela nodokotela wakho.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwazi imiphumela?

Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi ivame ukuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa noma ngaphezulu ukubuya. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola imiphumela yakho.

Ingabe kufanele ngiphinde ngibone udokotela?

Uma ungakayitholi imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa ngemva kwamasonto amabili, shayela udokotela wakho. Uma usuyitholile imiphumela, udokotela wakho uzoxoxa nawe ngayo futhi akutshele ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngokulandelayo.

Khumbula, nakuba ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungakunikeza umbono omuhle ngengozi yakho yesifo senhliziyo, kodwa kona kuphela akukwazi ukukutshela ngokuqinisekile ukuthi unesifo. Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi lakho kubonisa ukuthi ingozi yakho iphezulu, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Ungesabi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi imibuzo noma ukukhathazeka onakho kulo lonke lolu hlelo.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

Kalula nje, lokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi kuyithuluzi eliwusizo ekutholakaleni kwesifo senhliziyo kusenesikhathi. Ngokusekelwe kolwazi abalunikezayo, ungenza izinguquko endleleni yokuphila futhi, uma kudingeka, uqale ukwelashwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, unethuba elikhulu lokuzivikela esifweni senhliziyo esingathi sína.

Khumbula:

• Uma unezici eziyingozi zesifo senhliziyo (lezo esixoxe ngazo ekuqaleni), yenza lezi zivivinyo ngeseluleko sikadokotela.
• Khuluma nodokotela ngokukhululekile ngemiphumela.
• Ungakhathazeki uma imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi ingozi iphezulu. Kusho ukuthi udinga ukunakekela impilo yakho kakhudlwana.
• Ungayigcina inhliziyo yakho iphilile ngokulandela ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca njalo , nokugwema ukubhema .

Njengoba nje inhliziyo yakho iyigugu kuwe, kubaluleke kakhulu futhi ukuqaphela impilo yenhliziyo yakho!

Isifo senhliziyo, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, i-cholesterol, isifo semithambo yenhliziyo, impilo yenhliziyo, i-CAD, Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi, i-Cholesterol, Isifo Semithambo Yenhliziyo, Impilo Yenhliziyo, Impilo Yokuvimbela