Ake sifunde konke mayelana nokuhlolwa komchamo wakho (ukuhlolwa komchamo) ngendlela elula.

Sawubona! Cishe uke wezwa udokotela ekucela ukuthi 'unikeze isampula yomchamo ' uma uya kudokotela, akunjalo? Ungase ucabange, "Ingabe ngidinga ukukwenza lokhu futhi?" Esikhathini esiningi, okumele sikwenze nje ukunikeza umchamo omncane enkomishini encane. Kodwa ngalesi sivivinyo esilula, esibizwa ngokuthi 'ukuhlolwa komchamo', udokotela angathola okuningi ngomzimba wethu. Namuhla, ake sixoxe ngalesi 'ukuhlolwa komchamo', ukuthi sikufunani, nokuthi kungani kubalulekile.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa komchamo (ukuhlolwa komchamo)? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, ukuhlolwa komchamo uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ezithatha umchamo wakho (obizwa nangokuthi umchamo ) bese ubheka ukuthi ubukeka kanjani, ukuthi uqukethe amaseli egazi, amaprotheni, noma ezinye izinkinga. Udokotela angasebenzisa lokhu njengengxenye yokuhlolwa okuvamile, noma ukuhlola ukuthi unesifo, izinkinga zezinso, isifo sesibindi, noma isimo esifana nesifo sikashukela.

Abantu abaningi bazi lokhu ngokuthi "ukuhlolwa komchamo endebeni." Yebo, yilokho kuphela okufanele ukwenze. Udokotela ube esethumela isampula elabhorethri. Lapho, baqala ngokuyibheka, bese befaka umucu omncane kuyo ukuze babheke amakhemikhali athile (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ukuhlolwa kwe-dipstick yomchamo"), bese ekugcineni beyibheka ngaphansi "kwe-microscope" ukuze babheke ezinye izinto ezicashile. Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela angenza "ukuhlolwa kwe-dipstick" ekamelweni lakhe futhi akunike imiphumela ngokushesha.

Yini ngempela efunwa ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa komchamo?

Kunezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuhlolwa komchamo: ukuhlolwa komchamo ngokubona (ukuhlolwa ngokubona), ukuhlolwa kwe-dipstick, kanye nokuhlolwa nge-microscope. Kodwa-ke, odokotela abaku-oda njalo konke lokhu. Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu abakwenzayo kuncike kulokho abakufunayo.

Izinto okufanele uzibheke kuqala (Ukuhlolwa Okubonakalayo)

Othile ose-lab uzoqala aqaphele izici ezibonakalayo zesampula yomchamo wakho, njengombala wawo kanye nokucaca kwawo.

• Umbala: Ngokuvamile, umchamo onempilo ungavela ngemibala ehlukahlukene ephuzi. Ungaba ongenambala, ophuzi okhanyayo, noma onsundu omnyama. Lokhu kuncike ekutheni uphuze amanzi angakanani, okusho ukuthi umchamo wakho ugxile noma uncibilikisiwe kangakanani.
• Ukucaca: Umchamo uphinde uhlolwe ukuze kubonakale ukuthi ucacile noma unamafu. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma kukhona ukubukeka okunamafu, okusho ukuthi kukhona okubonakala sengathi kuntanta, lokho kuyaphawulwa.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwe-dipstick?

Yilokhu ebengikhuluma ngakho ngaphambilini, isivivinyo lapho ufaka khona umucu omncane wepulasitiki emchameni wakho. Kunezikwele ezincane emculweni, futhi kufakwa amakhemikhali kuzo. Uma kukhona okuthile okukhethekile emchameni wakho, lezo zikwele zizoshintsha umbala. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi uhlole ngokushesha izinto eziningi.

• Ubumuncu (i-pH yomchamo):Lokhu kulinganisa ibhalansi ye-acid-base yomchamo wakho. Izinto ezifana nezinkinga zezinso kanye nokutheleleka komgudu womchamo (i-UTIs) zingabangela ukuthi i-pH ikhuphuke (ibe yi-alkaline kakhulu). Izimo ezifana ne-ketoacidosis ehlobene nesifo sikashukela kanye nesifo sohudo zingabangela ukuthi i-pH yehle (ibe yi-acid kakhulu).
• I-Bilirubin: Uma kunenkinga ngesibindi noma ngemisele ye-bile, i-bilirubin ingase ibe khona emchameni. Ngokuvamile, lezi azikho emchameni.
• Igazi (i-Hemoglobin): Lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka igazi emchameni. Ukutheleleka, ukulimala endaweni ethile emgudwini womchamo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza kungabangela igazi emchamweni. Odokotela bakubiza nangokuthi "i-hematuria".
• I-glucose: Lokhu kuhlola ushukela (i-glucose) emchameni. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela noma isifo sikashukela sokukhulelwa bangase babe ne-glucose emchameni wabo. Umchamo womuntu ophilile akufanele ube ne-glucose.
• Ama-Ketone: Isimo esiyingozi esingaba khona kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sibizwa ngokuthi "i-ketoacidosis ehlobene nesifo sikashukela." Lokhu kuhlola kuhlola ama-ketone emchameni.
• I-Leukocyte esterase: Lena yi-enzyme. Isiza umzimba wethu ukulwa nezifo. Uma i-positive, okusho ukuthi ikhona emchameni, kungase kubonise ukuvuvukala endaweni ethile emchameni. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka kwe-urinary tract (UTI).
• Ama-Nitrites: Uma kukhona ukutheleleka ngamagciwane emgudwini womchamo, amagciwane akhiqiza okuthile okubizwa ngokuthi ama-nitrites. Ngakho-ke uma ama-nitrites "emihle", kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka emgudwini womchamo.
• Amaprotheni: Umchamo uyahlolwa ukuthi unamaprotheni anjenge-`(Albumin).` Ngokuvamile, akufanele kube khona amaprotheni amaningi, uma ekhona. Amazinga amaprotheni emchameni angakhuphuka ngenxa yezici ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, ukulimala kwezinso (ikakhulukazi umonakalo obangelwa umfutho wegazi ophakeme noma isifo sikashukela), ukuvivinya umzimba ngokweqile, kanye nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
• Ubukhulu bomchamo obuqondile: Lokhu kulinganisa ukuhlushwa kwazo zonke izinhlayiya zamakhemikhali ezincibilikisiwe emchameni. Kuyindlela yokulinganisa ukuthi umchamo ujiyile kangakanani. Leli nani lingaba elingavamile ngenxa yezifo eziningi.

Kuyini ukuhlolwa kweMicroscopic?

Kukhona izinto ezingenakubonwa ngamehlo noma yileyo dipstick. Ukuze uzibone, kufanele ubheke nge-microscope.

• Amakristalu: Uma kunezinhlobo ezithile zamakristalu emchameni, kungaba uphawu lokuthi amatshe ezinso ayakhula.
• Amaseli e-epithelial:Lezi yizinhlobo zamaseli aphuma emgudwini wethu womchamo. Angase abhalwe embikweni ngokuthi `(amaseli e-epithelial eguquguqukayo)`, `(amaseli e-renal tubular)` noma `(amaseli e-epithelial e-squamous)`. Ngokuvamile, ukuba nokuncane akuyona inkinga. Kodwa uma kunenqwaba yawo, kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka komgudu womchamo, ukuvuvukala, noma mhlawumbe umdlavuza. Uma kunenqwaba yamaseli e-epithelial e-squamous`, kusho ukuthi isampula `(yayingcolile)` ngaphandle (isibonelo, esikhumbeni) lapho ithathwa.
• Amabhaktheriya, imvubelo, amagciwane: Uma noma yikuphi kwalokhu kutholakala emchameni, kungaba uphawu lokutheleleka komgudu womchamo (UTI), ukutheleleka kwemvubelo, noma ukutheleleka ngocansi (STI). Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane, lokhu kungangena kusuka eduze kwesitho sangasese sowesifazane lapho isampula ithathwa bese kungcoliswa.
• Amaseli egazi abomvu (RBC): Ukweqisa kwalawa kusho ukuthi kukhona igazi emchameni, yize kungase kungabonakali emehlweni. Lokhu kungabangelwa inkinga esinyeni, ezinso, noma kwenye indawo emgudwini womchamo.
• Ukufakwa komchamo: Lezi yizinhlayiya ezincane, ezifana neshubhu ezenziwe ngeprotheni ekhiqizwa amangqamuzana ezinso. Ezinye izinhlobo zokufakwa zikhombisa inkinga ngezinso. Ezinye izinhlobo zokufakwa zivamile.
• Amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi (i-WBC): Ukwanda kwalawa kuwuphawu olukhulu lokuthi kukhona ukutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala endaweni ethile emgudwini womchamo.

Kungani ngidinga ukuhlolwa komchamo?

Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi kungani udokotela angase akucele ukuthi uhlole umchamo:

• Njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwakho kwempilo kwaminyaka yonke , thola ezinye izifo kusenesikhathi.
• Uma unezimpawu zokutheleleka komgudu womchamo, isifo sezinso, noma isifo sikashukela (isib. ukuchama njalo, ukushisa lapho uchama , umkhuhlane, ubuhlungu emhlane).
• Gada izimo ezithile zezokwelapha ezazikhona kakade (isib. hlola isimo sezinso kumuntu onesifo sikashukela).
• Ukuhlolwa okuphoqelekile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa .
• Uma ungeniswe esibhedlela .
• Ngaphambi kwanoma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa .

Ngingakulungiselela kanjani ukuhlolwa komchamo?

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi isikhathi esiningi, lokhu akudingi ukulungiselela okukhethekile . Kodwa-ke, uma udokotela wakho noma othile elabhorethri ekunikeza imiyalelo ekhethekile, kufanele uyilandele ngqo.

• Uma ukhathazekile ngokuthi ngeke ukwazi ukuchama , phuza ingilazi eyengeziwe yamanzi ngaphambi kokunikeza isampula. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi uma uphuza amanzi amaningi futhi unciphisa umchamo wakho, imiphumela ingase ingabi yinembile.
• Tshela udokotela lezi zinto kusenesikhathi:
• Uma usesikhathiniYisho lokho ngoba igazi lokuya esikhathini kanye nokukhishwa koketshezi esithweni sangasese kungathinta eminye imiphumela yokuhlolwa.
• Uma unenkinga yokuchama ngaphandle kwekhaya, njenge-shy bladder syndrome, batshele lokho futhi. Bazokuthola indlela elula kuwe.
• Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela angase athi:
• Isampula kufanele ithathwe ekuseni kakhulu, bese isampula yokuqala yomchamo ithathwa lapho uvuka .
• Akufanele udle ukudla okuthile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa.
• Eminye imithi ingase ithinte imiphumela futhi ungase ucelwe ukuthi uyeke ukuyithatha izinsuku ezimbalwa . Kodwa khumbula, kufanele uyeke ukuyithatha kuphela uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi uyeke. Ungayiyeki wedwa.

Ungayihlola kanjani kahle i-urinalysis?

Esikhathini esiningi, kuzodingeka uye endlini yokugezela ehhovisi likadokotela wakho noma elebhu ukuze unikeze isampula yomchamo. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi indlela "yokubamba okuhlanzekile". Kusho ukuthi uqoqa isampula ngokuhlanzekile, ngaphandle kokungcola. Ngenxa yalokhu, bazokunikeza inkomishi encane yesampula kanye nama-wipes ahlanzekile. Qiniseka ukuthi ugeza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho namanzi ngaphambi kokuthatha isampula.

Uma une-labia, kufanele unikeze isampula kanje:

1. Okokuqala, hlala endlini yangasese bese welula imilenze yakho kancane.

2. Sebenzisa iminwe yakho emibili ukuze ubambe i-labia kuzo zombili izinhlangothi.

3. Sula ingaphakathi le-labia nge-waya ehlanzekile abakunike yona, kusukela phambili kuya emuva . (Ungasuli kusukela emuva kuya phambili, njengoba lokhu kungaletha amagciwane avela endunu phambili).

4. Thatha enye i-sweep engenamagciwane bese usula i-urethra.

5. Bese, qala ngokuchama kancane endlini yangasese (lokhu kuzosusa amanye amagciwane emlonyeni we-urethra).

6. Bese, yeka ukuchama isikhashana, bamba indebe enikeziwe kude kancane ne-urethra, bese uchamela kuyo. Chaza kuze kube yilapho indebe isigcwele cishe ingxenye, noma kuze kube yilapho udokotela ekutshelile. Akunandaba ukuthi ayigcwele ngokuphelele ingxenye.

7. Hlanza okusele (uma kukhona) ubuyisele endlini yangasese.

Uma une-penis, kufanele unikeze isampula kanje:

1. Hlanza ikhanda lepenisi kahle ngendwangu yokusula ehlanzekile abayinikezile. Uma ungasokile, kufanele uqale uhlanze ijwabu ngokulibuyisela emuva.

2. Bese uqala ngokuchama kancane endlini yangasese.

3. Misa kancane ngenkathi uchama , bamba indebe enikeziwe ngaphansi kwepenisi yakho, bese uchamela kuyo. Chaza kuze kube yilapho indebe isigcwele cishe ingxenye, noma kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekutshelile. Akunandaba ukuthi ayigcwele ingxenye.

4. Hlanza okusele (uma kukhona) ubuyisele endlini yangasese.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungavumeli ingaphakathi lendebe noma ingaphakathi lesivalo ukuthinta umzimba wakho, izingubo, noma enye indawo. Ukwenza kanjalo kungangcolisa isampula.

Ukuthatha isampula nge-catheter

Kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, isibonelo uma ungakwazi ukuzichamela wedwa, udokotela noma umhlengikazi angafaka ithubhu elincane (i-catheter) e-urethra yakho ukuze aqoqe isampula yomchamo. Ngaphambi kokwenza lokhu, bazohlanza indawo ezungeze i-urethra yakho ngesisombululo se-antiseptic. Bese befaka i-catheter bese beqoqa umchamo esitsheni esihlanzekile. I-catheter izobe isisuswa.

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlolwa komchamo?

Ngemva kokunikeza isampula, ithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze ihlolwe. Njengoba ngishilo ekuqaleni, ngezinye izikhathi udokotela angenza ukuhlolwa kwe-'dipstick' khona kanye ehhovisi lakhe futhi akunike umphumela osheshayo.

Ngingayifunda kanjani imiphumela yami yokuhlolwa komchamo?

Ngokuvamile, umbiko wakho wokuhlolwa komchamo uzobonisa izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Igama lokuhlolwa noma lokho okwahlolwa (isib. i-glucose, iphrotheni, i-RBC).
• Umphumela wakho: Lokhu kungaba inombolo, kungaba `positive` (yebo) noma `negative` (cha), noma incazelo (isb. umbala - ophuzi, ukucaca - kucacile). Uma kunezinto ezingabalwa, njengamaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, noma amabhaktheriya, umphumela ungaba ``mbalwa``, ``maphakathi``, noma ``eziningi``.
• Inani elijwayelekile noma ububanzi balolo vivinyo.
• Ishadi elibonisa ukuthi imiphumela yakho ingaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile noma cha .

Kuye ngokuhlolwa udokotela wakho akuyalele, umbiko wakho ungase ube nemiphumela eminingi noma embalwa. Lokhu kungabonakala njengohlu noma ithebula.

Iyini imiphumela evamile yokuhlolwa komchamo?

Amanani ajwayelekile angahluka kancane kusuka kwelebhu kuya kwelebhu, kodwa ngokuvamile, kufanele abukeke kanje:

• Umbala: Ophuzi okhanyayo kuya ku-amber.
• Ukucaca: Kusobala.
• Inani le-pH: phakathi kuka-4.5 no-8.0.
• Amandla adonsela phansi athile: Phakathi kuka-1.005 no-1.030.
• I-glucose: Okubi.
• Ama-Ketones: Okubi.
• I-Bilirubin: Okubi.
• Ama-Nitrites: Cha `(Akukuhle)`.
• Igazi/i-Hemoglobin: Ayilungile.
• Amaprotheni: Akukho noma kuncane kakhulu (Okungalungile noma Okulandelekayo).
• I-Leukocyte Esterase: I-Negative.
• Amaseli amhlophe egazi (i-WBC):Izinombolo eziphansi kakhulu uma zibukwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope (isb. 0-5 nge-HPF ngayinye).
• Amaseli egazi abomvu (ama-RBC): Amanani aphansi kakhulu uma ebhekwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope (isb. 0-2 nge-HPF ngayinye).
• Amabhaktheriya, imvubelo, amakristalu, ama-cast: akukho noma ambalwa kakhulu.

Isho ukuthini imiphumela yokuhlolwa komchamo?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlolwa komchamo "ilungile" noma ingaphandle kwesilinganiso esijwayelekile, kusho ukuthi ungase ube nenkinga yempilo. Kodwa kukhona into eyodwa okufanele uyikhumbule. Odokotela abavamile ukwenza ukuxilongwa ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa komchamo kuphela. Uma imiphumela ingavamile, udokotela angase acele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuthola imbangela.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukwazi imiphumela?

Ezimweni eziningi, uzothola imiphumela yokuhlolwa komchamo wakho zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili zebhizinisi . Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ngakho, noma ungase ukwazi ukukubheka wena ngokwakho kurekhodi lakho lezempilo le-elekthronikhi.

Ingabe kufanele ngikhathazeke uma ngithola umphumela ongavamile?

Cha, ukuthi nje umphumela owodwa wokuhlolwa awujwayelekile akusho ukuthi kuyisimo esibucayi. Akusho ukuthi unesifo esibucayi. Udokotela wakho uzobheka umphumela bese ekutshela ukuthi kuyinkinga ngempela noma udinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Uzocabangela izimo zakho zezokwelapha zangaphambilini, izimpawu zakho zamanje, kanye nemithi oyiphuzayo.

Ngezinye izikhathi izinto ezilandelayo zingathinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa komchamo:

• Eminye imithi kanye nezithako zokudla ozithathayo, njengamavithamini . Isibonelo, i-metronidazole, izithako zokudla ze-vitamin C.
• Ukungcola kungenzeka uma isampula iqoqwa, kungaba ngamagciwane noma ezinye izinto (isib. uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane, igazi lokuya esikhathini) .

Kufanele ngimshayele nini udokotela?

Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezintsha emchameni wakho (isib., ukushintsha kombala okuqhubekayo, iphunga elingavamile, noma ushintsho ekuqineni), noma uma unemibuzo mayelana nemiphumela yokuhlolwa komchamo wakho, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho.

Okokugcina, khumbula (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Yebo, ukuchama enkomishini kungaba yinto exakile futhi ehlazisayo. Kodwa lokhu `Ukuhlolwa Komchamo` kuwukuhlolwa 'okungahlaseli' okunikeza udokotela ulwazi oluningi olubalulekile mayelana nempilo yakho ngaphandle kokulimaza noma ukubangela ubuhlungu emzimbeni wethu.

Lokhu kuhlolwa okulula kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi asheshe abone isimo noma anqume ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuthi kungani udinga lokhu kuhlolwa nokuthi imiphumela isho ukuthini. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwaziswa ngempilo yakho!

Ukuhlolwa Komchamo , Ukuhlolwa Komchamo, Ukutheleleka Kwendlela Yomchamo, Isifo Sezinso, Isifo Sikashukela, Isampula Yomchamo