Ubuwazi lezi zinto ngemithambo yegazi ebalulekile (i-Carotid Arteries) entanyeni yakho?

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wethu esingacabangi kakhulu ngayo. Leyo yimithambo yegazi emibili eyinhloko esemaceleni entamo yethu, njengemigwaqo emibili egijima iye phezulu. Kwisayensi yezokwelapha, le ibizwa ngokuthi imithambo ye-carotid . Kalula nje, le yimizila eyinhloko ethwala igazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo liye ebuchosheni bethu, ebusweni, nakwezinye izingxenye ezithambile zentamo . Kufana nemipayipi ethwala amanzi esuka kunjini yamanzi iye engadini. Ngisho nokuvaleka okuncane noma ukuvaleka kulezi ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu kunalokho ongakucabanga. Ngakho-ke, ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalezi zinto ngokuningiliziwe kuzoba usizo kakhulu kuwe nomndeni wakho.

Zikuphi ngempela lezi mithambo ye-carotid? Zenzani?

Cabanga nje, le mithambo ye-carotid iqala phezulu esifubeni sakho, ngaphansi nje kwalapho intamo yakho iqala khona. Ukusuka lapho, iyakhuphuka entanyeni yakho iye ekhanda lakho. Ezinhlangothini zombili zentamo yakho, kwesobunxele nakwesokudla, kukhona le mithambo ye-carotid evamile.

Uma sibheka phezulu kancane, cishe phakathi nentamo, ngayinye yale mithambo ye-carotid evamile ihlukana ibe amagatsha amabili engeziwe. Njengoba nje umgwaqo uhlukana kabili. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi ukuhlukana kwe-carotid . Amagatsha amabili ahlukana lapho yilawa:

1. Umthambo We-Carotid Wangaphakathi: Leli yigatsha eliyinhloko elihlinzeka ngegazi ngqo ebuchosheni bethu . Lenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu.

2. Umthambo We-Carotid Wangaphandle: Leli gatsha linikeza igazi ezingxenyeni zobuso bethu, izingxenye zangaphandle zentamo, kanye nezinye izingxenye zekhanda .

Le mithambo ye-carotid yangaphakathi neyangaphandle ihlukana ibe amagatsha amaningi amancane ahlinzeka zonke izitho nezicubu ekhanda nasentanyeni ngezakhamzimba ezizidingayo, okungukuthi, igazi elinomoya-mpilo omningi. Kufana nomfula omkhulu oqala njengochungechunge lwemifudlana emincane, ondla yonke indawo.

Umthambo we-carotid uyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwethu lokujikeleza kwegazi . Ubuchopho bethu budinga ukuhlinzekwa njalo komoya-mpilo ukuze busebenze kahle. Kunjalo nasezithweni ezibucayi ebusweni nasentanyeni yethu. Kungcono uma lokhu kugeleza kwegazi kubushelelezi futhi kungaphazanyiswa. Kodwa-ke, uma okuthile kuvinjelwa noma kwakheka ihlule legazi ngaphakathi kwalo mthambo, kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo.

Ake sixoxe kabanzi nge-External Carotid Artery.

Umthambo we-carotid wangaphandle uqala ku-carotid bifurcation okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla, lapho umthambo we-carotid ovamile uhlukana khona kabili. Njengoba uhamba entanyeni, eduze kwendlebe, uhlukana ube amagatsha amabili amakhulu. Lawa umthambo we-maxillary kanye nomthambo we-extraorm temporal .

Lo mthambo we-carotid wangaphandle ukhipha amagatsha amancane angaba yisishiyagalombili. Lawa magatsha ahlinzeka ngegazi ezingxenyeni eziningi zentamo nobuso bethu. Isibonelo:

• Igatsha elihlinzeka ngegazi endlaleni yethu ye-thyroid (`Umthambo we-thyroid ophakeme`)
• Igatsha elihlinzeka ngegazi ngaphakathi komphimbo (`Umthambo we-pharyngeal okhuphukayo`)
• Igatsha elinikeza igazi olimini lwethu (`umthambo wolimi`)
• Igatsha elihlinzeka ngegazi emisipheni nasesikhumbeni sobuso (`umthambo wobuso`)
• Igatsha elihlinzeka ngegazi ngemuva kwekhanda (`umthambo we-Occipital`)
• Igatsha elihlinzeka ngegazi endaweni engemuva kwendlebe (`umthambo we-auricular wangemuva`)

Izindawo eziningi ezinjengalezi zinikezwa igazi ngamagatsha aqhamuka kulo mthambo we-carotid wangaphandle.

Ake sifunde futhi nge-Internal Carotid Artery.

Lona ngomunye wabalingiswa ababaluleke kakhulu endabeni yethu. Umthambo we-carotid wangaphakathi nawo uqala ku-carotid bifurcation bese uhamba uqonde entanyeni. Bese ungena ekhanda ngembobo ephansi kwekhanda. Lo mgodi ubizwa ngokuthi umsele we-carotid . Lona umngcele ohlukanisa ingxenye engaphandle kwekhanda yomthambo nengxenye engaphakathi kwekhanda.

Uma isingaphakathi kwekhanda, umthambo we-carotid wangaphakathi ulandela indlela egobile, ejikayo. Odokotela babiza le ngxenye engaphakathi kwekhanda ngokuthi, ingxenye 'yangaphakathi kwekhanda' ngamanye amagama. Isibonelo, kunezingxenye eziyisikhombisa, njenge-'C2: ingxenye kaPetrous', 'C3: ingxenye yeLacerum', 'C4: ingxenye yeCavernous'. Abanye odokotela basebenzisa nezinye izinhlelo zokuhlukanisa.

Kodwa, akudingeki ukuthi uwabambe ngekhanda wonke la magama. Abantu abaningi ngeke kudingeke bazi la magama empilweni yabo. Kodwa-ke, uma kuvela i-aneurysm, odokotela basebenzisa la magama ukukutshela ngqo ukuthi ikuphi. Lolu lwazi lungaba lubalulekile ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi.

Umthambo we-carotid wangaphakathi ukhipha amanye amagatsha abalulekile ngaphakathi kogebhezi. Lawa yiwo ahlinzeka ngegazi ebuchosheni nasemahlweni ethu . Ayinhloko yilawa:

• Umthambo wamehlo unikeza igazi esweni.
• Amagatsha anjenge -Anterior Cerebral Artery kanye ne-Middle Cerebral Artery ahlinzeka ngegazi ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zobuchopho.

Yiziphi izifo ezingabangelwa yile mithambo ye-carotid?

Njengoba nje ipayipi lamanzi lingavaleka ngokugqwala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imithambo yethu ye-carotid nayo ingaba nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene. Ake sibheke ukuthi iyini:

1. Isifo Semithambo Ye-Carotid: Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-Carotid Artery Stenosis . I-Stenosis isho "ukuncipha". Lokhu kubangelwa kakhulu ungqimba olukhulu lwamafutha kanye ne-cholesterol (atherosclerosis) okwakheka ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi . Lokhu kufakwa kubizwa ngokuthi i-plaque.Kufana nokuvaleka kwepayipi lamanzi. Lawa ma-plaque deposits avame ukwakheka eduze komthambo we-carotid ovamile, lapho uhlukana khona kabili (i-'Carotid Bifurcation'). Lapho lo mthambo uvaleka, inani legazi eliya ebuchosheni liyancishiswa. Futhi, ama-blood clots angakheka phezu kwale plaque, futhi i-clot ingaphuka futhi ivimbe umthambo wegazi omncane ebuchosheni. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ingozi ye -'Transient Ischemic Attack' (TIA) , okuyisimo esifana ne-mini-stroke, noma i-stroke enkulu iphakeme kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi i-plaque ingaphuka futhi ingxenye yayo ingaphuka futhi ivimbe umthambo wegazi ebuchosheni.

2. I-Carotid Artery Aneurysm: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho udonga lomthambo we-carotid luba buthakathaka futhi luqhume njengebhaluni. Lokhu kuqhuma (`Aneurysm`) kungakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amahlule egazi angakheka ngaphakathi kwale aneurysm, avimbele ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni. Futhi, uma kuba kukhulu kakhulu, kungaqhuma (`Ukuqhuma`). Uma lokho kwenzeka, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo.

3. Ukuhlukaniswa Kwemithambo Ye-Carotid: Lokhu kudabuka kwengqimba yangaphakathi yodonga lwemithambo. Lokhu kudabuka kunganciphisa noma kuvimbele ngokuphelele ukuhamba kwegazi. Lokhu kungaholela nasezimeni ezibucayi ezifana nesifo sohlangothi.

4. I-Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD): Lesi yisimo esingavamile. Sibangelwa ukukhubazeka endleleni okwakheka ngayo izindonga zemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kungaholela ekutheni imithambo ye-carotid inciphe, kukhule ama-aneurysms, noma kuqhekeke.

Sazi kanjani ukuthi kunenkinga ngale mithambo yegazi? (Izimpawu nokuhlolwa)

Ngokuvamile, lezi zifo zemithambo yegazi emithanjeni yegazi azibonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala . Inkinga itholakala kuphela uma kuvela isimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha, njenge-'TIA' noma i-'Stroke'. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.

Qaphela kakhulu ngalezi zimpawu!

Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ehlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingezansi ngokuzumayo, shayela u-1990 (i-ambulensi) ngokushesha, noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze . Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zesifo sohlangothi, futhi ukwelashwa okusheshayo kungasindisa izimpilo futhi kunciphise ukukhubazeka kwesikhathi eside.

• Ukuwa noma ukulahlekelwa impilo kolunye uhlangothi lobuso.
• Ukuzizwa sengathi amazwi akho ayaxaka uma ukhuluma, noma ukungakwazi ukuhlanganisa amagama kahle.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngokuzumayo noma ukufiphala kokubona kwelinye iso noma kuwo womabili. Kungase kuzwakale sengathi ikhethini elimnyama liyawa phambi kwamehlo.
• Ukuba ndikindiki, ubuthakathaka, noma umuzwa wokuphelelwa yimpilo kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba (ingalo, umlenze, noma kokubili).
• Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba.

Ngezinye izikhathi ungase ungakwazi ukucela usizo uma lezi zimpawu zenzeka. Ngakho-ke, yazisa umndeni wakho nabangani ngalezi zimpawu. Khona-ke bangakwazi ukukubona futhi bathathe isinyathelo ngokushesha uma udinga usizo.

Odokotela bahlola kanjani imithambo ye-carotid?

Uma uya kudokotela, bangase babeke i-stethoscope entanyeni yakho bese belalela umsindo wegazi eligeleza ngemithambo yegazi. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma umthambo uvaliwe, ungase uzwe umsindo othi "whoosh" (i-'carotid bruit'). Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kukhona ukuvaleka kokugeleza kwegazi, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokufakwa kwe-plaque.

Uma uzwa umsindo onjalo, noma uma udokotela wakho enezinye izizathu zokusola, ungase ucelwe ukuba wenze ezinye izivivinyo, ezifana nalezi:

• I-Carotid Ultrasound: Lokhu kuhlola kusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukudala isithombe sengaphakathi lemithambo yegazi. Kungabonisa ukuthi kukhona yini ukuvinjelwa nokuthi kukhulu kangakanani.
• I-CT Scan (`I-Computed Tomography - I-CT Scan`): Lokhu kungaveza nezithombe ezinemininingwane zemithambo yegazi.
• I-Carotid Angiogram: Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhilela ukufaka idayi ekhethekile emthanjeni bese kuthathwa i-X-ray ukuze kubonwe ukuthi igazi ligeleza kanjani.
• I-MRA (i-Magnetic Resonance Angiogram - i-MRA): Lolu vivinyo lusebenzisa amasimu kazibuthe namagagasi omsakazo ukukhiqiza izithombe zemithambo yegazi.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lezi zithiyo zemithambo yegazi?

Uma umthambo wakho we-carotid uvaliwe, kunemithi, ukuhlinzwa, kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Izinhlobo zemithi:

• Imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi: Izibonelo zalokhu imithi efana ne-aspirin.
• Imithi yokucindezela kwegazi.
• Imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol: Njengemithi ye-statin.

Ukuhlinzwa nezinye izindlela:

• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Carotid Endarterectomy: Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okuvula umthambo, kususe ama-plaque angaphakathi, bese kuthunga umthambo ndawonye. Lokhu kubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi.
• I-Carotid Angioplasty kanye ne-Stenting: Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka ithubhu elincane emthanjeni ovalekile, ukwandisa umthambo ngedivayisi efana nebhaluni, kanye nokufaka idivayisi encane efana ne-mesh (i-stent) ukuze ivimbe ukuthi ingavaleki futhi. Lena inqubo engeyingeneki kakhulu kunokuhlinzwa.

Singayigcina kanjani imithambo yethu ye-carotid iphilile?

Ukuze ugcine le mithambo yegazi ebalulekile iphilile, kubalulekile ukuthi uqale ulawule amazinga akho e-cholesterol . Uma kudingeka, udokotela uzokunikeza imithi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenza lezi zinguquko ezilula endleleni yakho yokuphila kungasiza ekugcineni uhlelo lwakho lonke lokujikeleza kwegazi, okuhlanganisa nenhliziyo yakho, luphilile:

• Uma ubhema, yeka ngokushesha. Yeka uku-vape nokusebenzisa noma yimiphi eminye imikhiqizo kagwayi. Cela usizo kudokotela.
• Yidla ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo. Isibonelo , ukudla kwaseMedithera kuhle kakhulu. Yidla imifino eminingi, izithelo, ubhontshisi, ukudla okucebile ngefayibha, kanye nenhlanzi. Nciphisa uwoyela, ushukela, nosawoti.
• Vivinya umzimba okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku. Kodwa-ke, kuwumqondo omuhle ukubonana nodokotela ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo entsha yokuzivocavoca.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo ngobude bakho.

Yini okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Uma ubona udokotela, ungase ubuzwe imibuzo mayelana nemithambo ye-carotid efana nalokhu:

• Yiziphi izinto ezingabangela ukuba nesifo semithambo ye-carotid?
• Yiziphi izinguquko zendlela yokuphila engingayenza ukuze ngigcine imithambo yami ye-carotid iphilile?
• Ingabe ngidinga ukuhlolwa kwezithombe (njengokuskena) ukuze ngihlole isimo semithambo yami ye-carotid?
• Uma nginokuvimbeka emthanjeni wami we-carotid, yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha okufanele ngizicabangele?

Umyalezo Wokugcina Wokuya Nasekhaya

Ngakho-ke, manje usuyaqonda ukuthi le mithambo yegazi ye-carotid ibaluleke kangakanani emizimbeni yethu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina le mithambo yegazi iphilile, ethwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo liye ebuchosheni nakwezinye izingxenye zekhanda.

Khumbula, eziningi zalezi zinkinga zemithambo yegazi azibonakali ekuqaleni. Ngakho-ke, uma unezici eziyingozi (njenge-cholesterol ephezulu, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sikashukela, ukubhema, noma umlando womndeni walezi zimo), kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha.

Ukulondoloza indlela yokuphila enempilo kungasiza ukugcina imithambo yakho yegazi, hhayi imithambo yegazi yakho kuphela, iphilile. Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngalokhu, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela womndeni wakho. Angakunikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe.

Umthambo we - carotid, imithambo yegazi entanyeni, ukuhlinzekwa kwegazi ebuchosheni, isifo sohlangothi, i-atherosclerosis, i-TIA, i-aneurysm, isifo se-carotid, indlela yokuphila enempilo