Uyazi ngalesi sihlangu esincane esiphambi kwamehlo akho? Ake sixoxe nge-cornea!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi iyini leyo ngxenye yeso lakho eyindilinga, ecwebezelayo, efana nengilazi? Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-cornea. Ifana nesivikelo esincane seso lakho. Ake sixoxe kabanzi ngale ngxenye emangalisayo namuhla, akunjalo?

Iyini le cornea? Kalula nje...

Kalula nje, i-cornea yakho iyisimbozo esicacile, esimise okwe-dome phambi kweso lakho. Cabanga ngayo njengefasitela lemoto. Yilokho okuvimba izinto ezifana nothuli namagciwane ukuthi zingangeni esweni lakho. Kubalulekile futhi ekuboneni kwakho. Iphinde ihlunge eminye imisebe ye-UV eyingozi. Akumangalisi yini?

I-iris yakho itholakala phambi kwegumbi eligcwele uketshezi ngaphakathi kweliso lakho (elibizwa ngokuthi "i-Anterior Chamber", equkethe uketshezi olubizwa ngokuthi "i-Aqueous Humor". Bese kuba khona "i-Iris" enikeza iso lakho umbala walo, "i-Pupil", bese kuba khona ilensi ngaphakathi kweliso lakho. Ingxenye emhlophe yeso lakho, i-"Sclera" izungeze iliso lakho.

Eqinisweni, isikhumba siyisivikelo sokuqala esifika engqondweni. Yingakho sivame kakhulu ukuba nezingozi ezincane kanye nomonakalo. Kodwa kunezindaba ezinhle! Isikhumba sakho sinekhono elimangalisayo lokuzilungisa.

Ziyini izingqimba ze-cornea?

Cabanga nje, ngaphakathi kwalesi sitho esincane, kunezinye izendlalelo eziyisithupha. Isendlalelo ngasinye sinomsebenzi okhethekile. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini?

• I-Epithelium: Lena ungqimba lwangaphandle lweso. Isebenza njengesivikelo phakathi kwengaphakathi leso nomhlaba wangaphandle. Futhi iyazwela kakhulu ebuhlungwini. Abacwaningi bathi inama-receptor obuhlungu aphindwe izikhathi ezingu-300 kuya kwezingu-600 kunesikhumba sakho! Lokhu kuzwela kuyavikela ngempela. Ngoba ungazizwa lapho kukhona okungahambi kahle ngeso lakho, ungakuyeka ngokushesha noma ukususe.
• Ingqimba kaBowman: Lolu ungqimba oluqinile olwakhiwe kakhulu yi-collagen. Lunikeza i-cornea isakhiwo sayo futhi lusize ukuthi igcine isimo sayo.
• I-Stroma: Lolu ungqimba olujiyile kakhulu lwe-cornea. Luphinde luqinise isakhiwo se-cornea. Luphinde lusize ekugobeni (ekubuyiseleni) ukukhanya bese lukugxilisa ku-retina yakho.
• Ingqimba ka-Pre-Descemet (PDL): Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi "ingqimba ka-Dua". Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi lolu ungqimba olungangeni moya. Okusho ukuthi, luyisivikelo esinamandla kakhulu phakathi koketshezi olungaphakathi kweso nomoya ongaphandle.
• Isendlalelo sikaDescemet: Lesi sendlalelo sincane futhi siyaguquguquka, kodwa siqine kakhulu. Sibaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kweso. Siphinde sisize ekuvikeleni iso ekulimaleni nasekuthelelekeni.
• I-Endothelium: Lolu ngqimba lunesibopho esikhulu sokugcina ibhalansi yoketshezi esikhaleni se-vitreous kanye nesangaphakathi kweso. Luphinde luqinisekise ukuthi i-stroma inamanzi kanye noketshezi olufanele oludingekayo ukuze lusebenze kahle.

Nakuba ungqimba ngalunye lunomsebenzi walo, amandla angempela engilazi avela endleleni zonke lezi zingqimba ezisebenza ngayo ndawonye. Kufana "nengilazi ye-laminate" noma "ingilazi yokuphepha" efasiteleni lemoto. Yilapho kukhona ungqimba oluncane lwepulasitiki phakathi kwezingqimba ezimbili zengilazi, akunjalo? Kunjalo-ke.

Kusukela nini leli zwe linezingqimba eziyisithupha?

Empeleni, lesi `(ungqimba luka-Pre-Descemet)` satholakala kungekudala. Iphepha lokuqala locwaningo ngalo lanyatheliswa ngo-2013. Kusekhona impikiswano encane phakathi kwabanye ochwepheshe ngokuthi ngabe lesi yisingqimba esihlukile, noma ingxenye ye-`(Stroma)`. (Lokho kwakucatshangwa ngaphambilini, kodwa ucwaningo olusha lukhombisile ukuthi lokhu kungase kuhluke).

Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwamanje lubonisa ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningana zomehluko obalulekile phakathi kwe-PDL kanye nayo yonke ingxenye ye-stroma. Odokotela abahlinza amehlo manje bacabangela i-PDL (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bayibheka njengengqimba ehlukile noma cha) lapho behlela ukuhlinzwa kwe-cornea.

Yiziphi izifo ezivamile ezingathinta i-cornea?

Ngenxa yokuthi isitho sakho sangasese sowesifazane siyindawo ebucayi kakhulu, sisengozini enkulu yokulimala, ukutheleleka, nezinye izifo. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Iso elomile: Izinyembezi zibalulekile ukuze i-epithelium isebenze kahle. Izinyembezi zinikeza iso umswakama futhi zisize ukuthi limunce umoya-mpilo ovela emoyeni. Amehlo omile abuhlungu futhi angaphazamisa ukubona.
• Ukutheleleka: Uma ubuso be-cornea bonakalisiwe, amagciwane – amagciwane, amabhaktheriya, isikhunta kanye nezinambuzane – angabangela kalula ukutheleleka. Isibonelo ukutheleleka kwezinambuzane i-Acanthamoeba keratitis.
• I-Keratitis: I-Keratitis, noma ukuvuvukala kwe-cornea, ingabangelwa izifo, ukulimala, kanye nezifo ezahlukahlukene.
• Ukulimala: Njengefasitela lemoto, amehlo akho angonakaliswa izinto zangaphandle kanye nezenzakalo. Lokhu kungaholela ekuqhekekeni, ekuqhekekeni, ezilonda nasekugugulekeni. Cabanga ukuthi kungaba buhlungu kanjani uma uthuli oluncane lungena emehlweni akho!
• Umonakalo wendawo: Isikhumba sakho sizwela kakhulu ekushiseni okukhulu kanye nokubanda. Ukusha kwesikhumba (okubangelwa ukushisa noma imisebe ye-ultraviolet) kuvamile. Amakhemikhali (awuketshezi noma agcwele igesi) nawo angabangela umonakalo.
• Izifo zesakhiwo `(Dystrophies)`:Kunezifo ezithile ezithinta isakhiwo se-cornea, indlela exhumene ngayo ne-cornea, noma kokubili. Lezi zimo zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-Corneal dystrophies". Kunezifo ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabili ezinjalo, izibonelo zazo okuyi-"Keratoconus" kanye ne-"Fuchs' dystrophy".

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izimo ze-cornea?

Kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha ezitholakalayo zezinkinga zomgudu womchamo. Ezinye zazo yilezi:

• Amakhambi atholakala ngaphandle kwemithi: Izinkinga ezilula njengokucasuka okuncane kwamehlo namehlo omile zingaxazululwa ngamakhambi alula angathengwa ekhemisi noma esitolo esikhulu.
• Imithi: Izimo eziningi zesikhumba, ikakhulukazi izifo, zingelashwa ngemithi. Eziningi zalezi ziza ngesimo sama-cream noma amaconsi amehlo. Ezinye ziyatholakala futhi njengamaphilisi okuphuza ngomlomo.
• Izimbozo noma ukwelashwa okugqokwayo: Isibonelo esilula kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwesiqeshana samehlo ukuvikela iso nokuligcina livaliwe kuze kube yilapho inxeba liphola. Ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kufaka phakathi amalensi e-scleral, amalensi okuxhumana ebhandeji, kanye nokufakelwa kwe-amniotic membrane.
• Ukuhlinzwa nge-laser: Lokhu ukuhlinzwa kokulungisa umbono. Umshini we-laser usetshenziselwa ukushintsha ukuma kwe-cornea nokugxila ukukhanya ngendlela ehlukile. I-LASIK uhlobo oluvamile lokuhlinzwa nge-laser.
• Ukuhlinzwa Kwamehlo: Lokhu kuhlinzwa kungasiza ngezindlela eziningi, ikakhulukazi ukulungisa umonakalo nokulungisa izimo ezithile zamehlo.
• Ukufakelwa kwe-cornea noma ukubekwa kwe-cornea yokwenziwa: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-cornea yakho ingase ibe namafu noma ingagxili kahle ekukhanyeni. Uma lezi zinkinga ziba zimbi kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuhlinzwa ukuze kufakwe i-cornea yakho esikhundleni sayo.

Okubalulekile: Izindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ngezimo zamehlo zincike ezintweni eziningi. Isimo sakho esithile, umlando wezokwelapha, kanye nezimo zakho siqu konke kungadlala indima. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho wamehlo noma umhlinzeki wezempilo ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu wokufunda kabanzi ngezinketho zokwelapha ezifanele wena.

Ngingayivikela kanjani i-cornea yami ekulimaleni?

Indlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuvikela amehlo akho ezingozini ukugqoka izibuko zokuphepha noma izibuko zamehlo . Ngisho noma kungesikhashana noma ezimbili nje, kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa nje ukuthi kwenzeke ukulimala kwamehlo.

Kufanele nakanjani ugqoke isivikelo samehlo ngalezi zikhathi:

• Uma usebenza ngamathuluzi nemishini:Lokhu kuvamile kokubili kumathuluzi ezandla alula kanye namathuluzi kagesi. Ngisho nento elula njengokuhlikihla ukhuni ngephepha lokusikeka ngaphandle kokuvikela ingabangela ukulimala kwamehlo noma ukulimala okungadingekile.
• Ukutshala nokulima: Udoti wamaqabunga, izingcezu zotshani, amatshe, kanye nenhlabathi kungaba yingozi emehlweni akho lapho usebenza engadini noma egcekeni. Lokhu kuvamile nangamathuluzi nemishini esiza ekulimeni, njengemishini yokugunda utshani, imishini yokusika izintambo (noma imishini yokudla ukhula), imishini yokusika izinsimbi, kanye nemishini yokushaya amaqabunga.
• Uma usebenzisa umoya noma amanzi acindezelwe: Izibonelo ezimbili ukugeza ngokucindezela indawo yabahamba ngezinyawo noma ukusebenzisa umoya ocindezelwe ukususa uthuli ngaphakathi kwikhompyutha noma kwenye idivayisi kagesi. Ukucindezela kuzo zombili izimo kungabangela kalula amatshe amancane, imfucumfucu, noma uthuli kube yingozi.
• Uma usebenzisa amakhemikhali ekhaya noma emsebenzini: Ngisho namakhemikhali avamile njenge-bleach kanye ne-drain cleaner angangena kalula emehlweni akho, noma ngabe uqaphele.
• Uma usebenza eduze kwemithombo yokushisa kanye namalangabi avulekile: Ama-receptor obuhlungu emehlweni akho azwela kakhulu ekushiseni kunama-receptor asesikhumbeni sakho. Ukuvikelwa kwamehlo kungakusiza ekuvikeleni ekungakhululeki okubangelwa yintuthu noma umonakalo ovela emsini ovela emlilweni.
• Ukuchayeka emisebeni ye-UV: Imisebe ye-UV ebonakala emanzini kanye nezindawo ezimbozwe yiqhwa ingashisa i-cornea yakho. Lokhu kungabangela ukusha kwe-cornea noma i-photokeratitis.
• Uma udlala imidlalo: Izibuko zokuzivikela zingakuvikela ezintweni ezindizayo. Lokhu kusebenza emidlalweni efana ne-baseball, ithenisi, i-hockey, i-pickleball, kanye ne-racquetball. Futhi, izibuko zokuzivikela kufanele zigqokwe njalo uma udlala imidlalo eqondiwe (ukudubula ngomnsalo, ukudubula ngomgibe, ukudubula nge-skeet).

Amanye amathiphu abalulekile okuvimbela izingozi:

• Funda imiyalelo: Lokhu kusebenza kokubili emishinini namakhemikhali. Amalebula amakhemikhali azokutshela ukuthi wenzeni uma efika emehlweni akho (futhi kulula ukufunda amalebula uma kungekho lutho olufika emehlweni akho). Kuvamile ukufuna ukuqala umsebenzi ngokushesha, kodwa ukuma kancane ukuze ufunde ilebula kungenza umehluko omkhulu.
• Sebenzisa uhlobo olufanele lokuvikela amehlo: Izibuko zokuphepha ezinezingqimba eziseceleni noma izihlangu zingakuvikela emfucumfucwini endizayo evela kubantu abasebenza eduze. Ama-goggles anemiphetho yepulasitiki ethambile alingana kahle nobuso bakho angcono kakhulu ekuvimbeleni amakhemikhali nentuthu ukuthi ingangeni emehlweni akho.
• Qiniseka ukuthi isivikelo sakho samehlo sisebenza kahle:Izibuko zokuvikela amehlo azisizi ngalutho uma zingakuvikeli. Ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi izibuko zakho zifanelana nalokho okwenzayo. Ezindaweni lapho kunokukhanya kwelanga okuningi okukhanyayo, qiniseka ukuthi izibuko zakho zelanga zinamalensi anombala. Zingcono ekuvimbeleni imisebe ye-UV kunamalensi anombala.
• Geza izandla zakho njalo uma upheka, usebenzisa amathuluzi noma amakhemikhali: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenza ngezithako ezinzima ekhishini noma wenza imisebenzi yasekhaya, izandla ezingagezwanga zingadlulisela kalula amakhemikhali, izinhlayiya ezincane, kanye nemfucumfucu emehlweni akho.
• Kufanele uhlale ufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokusha okungaphakathi noma eduze kwamehlo akho: Ngisho nokusha okuncane, uma kwenzeka eduze noma emehlweni akho, kufanele kwelashwe kahle. Njalo qaphela lapho ufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.
• Ungazifaki engozini yokushayela ngenxa yokulimala kweso: Uma unezinguquko ekuboneni kwakho noma izimpawu zamehlo ocabanga ukuthi zingabangelwa ukulimala, ungashayeli. Awufuni ukuzibeka wena noma abanye engozini.

Ngingayigcina kanjani i-cornea yami iphilile?

Ungenza lezi zinto ukuze uzivikele ezifweni nasezimweni ezithile:

• Thola ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo: Lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi ubone izinkinga ezithinta umbono wakho (kanye namehlo akho ngokujwayelekile) ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu.
• Geza izandla zakho njalo (ngisho noma ungathinti izinto ezingacasula amehlo akho): Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni amagciwane angadingeki ukuthi angene emehlweni akho.
• Ungabelani ngezinto ezifana nezimonyo nabanye: Ukwabelana ngalezi zinto kungasakaza izifo zamehlo.
• Gqoka, gcina, futhi unakekele amalensi okuxhumana ngendlela efanele: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kuvikela amehlo akho ezifweni ezinkulu. Ezinye izifo zingabangela ukulimala okukhulu kwamehlo ngisho nokulahlekelwa umbono unomphela.
• Gwema ukuthinta noma ukuhlikihla amehlo akho: Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlikihla amehlo akho phezu kwamehlo akho. Lokhu kungalimaza noma kunciphise ubuso be-cornea ngengozi.

Yiziphi izimpawu zamehlo ezibonisa ukuthi udinga ukuthola iseluleko sezokwelapha?

Kunezimpawu noma izinguquko eziningana ezingase zibonise ukuthi kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha. Lezi zifaka:

• Izinguquko zombono, okuhlanganisa ukubona kabili, ukufiphala, kanye nokuphambuka.
• Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo.
• Umuzwa wokuthi kukhona okuthile esweni (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyayibona into noma cha - ungasukela ekungakhululeki okuncane kuya ebuhlungwini obukhulu, obungenakubekezeleleka).
• Into yangaphandle ongayibona, kodwa ongeke uyisuse usebenzisa izindlela ezifanele.
• Ubuhlungu bamehlo.
• Amehlo anamanzi (i-Epiphora).
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya (i-Photophobia).
• Ukubomvu noma ukuvuvukala kwamehlo.
• Uma ubona igazi noma uketshezi ngemuva noma ngaphakathi kweso lakho, kodwa phambi noma ngaphandle kwe-`(Iris)` noma `(Umfundi)`.
• Uma ushayeka ngqo esweni noma eduze kweso.
• Imbobo ebonakalayo, ukudabuka, noma inxeba esweni lakho noma ebusweni belihlo lakho.

Kodwa lolu hlu aluphelele. Uma ungabaza, hlala uphambuka ohlangothini lokuqapha. Ukwenza kanjalo kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuvikeleni amehlo akho.

Wenzani uma kukhona okungena esweni lakho?

Uma uzizwa sengathi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngeso lakho, ungesabi bese uphefumula kakhulu. Nazi ezinye izinto ezinhle ongazenza kanye nezinye izinto okungafanele uzenze:

Izinto ezinhle ongazenza:

• Okokuqala, geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho.
• Zama ukuhlanza iso lakho kancane ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Vumela amanzi angene esweni.
• Uma kungenzeka, bheka esibukweni ubone ukuthi kukhona yini okubonayo ngaphakathi kweso lakho.
• Cela omunye umuntu ukuthi akubhekele yona.
• Uma kuyinto encane, hambisa amehlo akho bese ucwayiza ukuze ubone ukuthi iyahamba yodwa yini.
• Uma ungakwazi ukuyisusa nganoma iyiphi indlela, uma iso lakho libuhlungu, noma uma umbono wakho uba lufifi, bona udokotela ngokushesha .

Izinto okungafanele zenziwe:

• Ungalokothi uhlikihle iso lakho! Ukwenza kanjalo kungasunduza into ijule esweni lakho noma kuklwebhe i-cornea yakho.
• Ungazami ukukha amehlo akho ngezinto ezibukhali (njengezinti noma izikele).
• Ungathinti amehlo akho ngezandla noma ngezindwangu ezingcolile.
• Uma ungakwazi ukuyisusa wena ngokwakho, ungazami ukuyiphoqa.

Ungakwazi yini ukubona ngaphandle kwe-cornea?

Cha. I-cornea yakho yiyo egoba ukukhanya bese ikugxila ku-retina ngemuva kweso lakho. Ivikela nezinye izingxenye ezibucayi zeso lakho. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwayo, amehlo akho abengeke akwazi ukubona kahle.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi i-cornea eyonakele iphole?

Iso lakho linekhono elimangalisayo lokuzelapha. Ukulimala kwamehlo amancane kuyaphola emahoreni ambalwa. Ukulimala okunye kungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze kuphole. Ezimweni ezingavamile noma ezikhethekile, kungathatha isikhathi eside. Udokotela wakho wamehlo ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ongakhuluma naye ngesikhathi esifanele sokululama, nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze ukululama kwakho kube lula ngangokunokwenzeka.

I-cornea yakho ivikela ingaphakathi leso lakho, futhi igcwele iziphetho zemizwa. Uma zisebenza kahle, cishe awucabangi ngazo. Kodwa uma kukhona okungahambi kahle ngeyodwa noma zombili, kungaba nzima kakhulu kangangokuthi awukwazi ukucabanga nganoma yini enye.

Ngenhlanhla, amehlo akho anekhono elimangalisayo lokuphola, futhi amanxeba amaningi angaphola ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho namahora. Kodwa lokho ngeke kwenzeke uma ungenzi lokho okudingeka ukwenze ukuze uwanakekele. Uma unenkinga ethinta amehlo akho, khuluma nochwepheshe wamehlo. Futhi, thola ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo. Ukunakekela amehlo akho kungasiza ekuvikeleni ingaphakathi lamehlo akho futhi kukusize ubone.

Okudingeka sikufunde kulokhu (Umyalezo Okufanele Uwuthathe Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke nazi ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uzikhumbule kulokho esikhulume ngakho namuhla:

• I-cornea yakho iyisivikelo esiwusizo kakhulu nesizwelayo seso lakho. Ifana ne-windscreen yemoto.
• Yakhiwe ngezendlalelo eziningana, ngayinye inomsebenzi othize. Zihlangene, zivikela iso futhi zikusize ubone kahle.
• Isikhumba singalimala kalula, sitheleleke, futhi sithambekele ezifweni ezahlukahlukene, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukusinakekela.
• Ungazivikela ngokwenza izinto ezilula njengokugqoka izibuko zokuphepha, ukugeza izandla zakho, nokusebenzisa ama-contact lens ngendlela efanele.
• Uma ubona noma yini engavamile emehlweni akho (ubuhlungu, ukubona okufiphele, ukubomvu), funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kulula ukukwelapha.
• Ungakhohlwa ukuhlolwa amehlo njalo.

Amehlo akho angenye yezinto eziyigugu kakhulu onazo, ngakho-ke kungumthwalo wakho ukuwanakekela kahle.

I- Sclera, i-cornea, impilo yamehlo, izifo zamehlo, ukuvikelwa kwamehlo, izendlalelo zamehlo, ukwelashwa kwamehlo