Amehlo Ethu: Ake sixoxe ngendlela esibona ngayo umhlaba nokuthi singawavikela kanjani amehlo ethu!

Ulibona kanjani leli zwe elihle? Izimbali ezimibalabala, izindawo ezinhle, ubuso babathandekayo bakho... Konke lokhu kuboniswa kithi ngamehlo ethu ayigugu, akunjalo? Eqinisweni, lawa mehlo amabili ayizitho ezimbili ezimangalisa kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Ngakho-ke, ayini lawa mehlo amabili? Asebenza kanjani? Ake sifunde ngalokhu kalula, njengokungathi sikhuluma nomngane.

Amehlo asebenza kanjani? Kuyamangalisa!

Cabanga ngakho njengamakhamera amabili ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Konke esikubonayo kuqala ngokukhanya okuvela ngaphandle. Lokhu kukhanya kungena emehlweni ethu futhi kudlule ezingxenyeni eziningana ezicacile zeso. Lezi zingxenye yi -cornea , i-aqueous humor , ilensi , kanye ne-vitreous humor . Lezi zingxenye zigoba imisebe yokukhanya futhi ziyigxilise ngokunembile.

Lokhu kugxila kufanele kube okuqondile . Ngaphandle kwalokho, sibona izithombe ezingacacile. Imisipha emincane ngaphakathi kweso lakho isiza ukuhambisa iso lakho kancane, ukuze leli phuzu lokugxila, iphuzu lokugxila, liwele ngqo ku-retina .

Uma ukukhanya kushaya amangqamuzana ku-retina yakho, athumela izimpawu ebuchosheni bakho. Lezi zimpawu zifana nemiyalezo ebhalwe phansi. Ziqukethe yonke imininingwane yokukhanya, okuhlanganisa nombala kanye namandla ayo. Ubuchopho bakho bube sebuchaza lezi zimpawu bese bukudalela isithombe. Akumangalisi lokho?

Abanye abantu bacabanga ukuthi amagama athi "ukubona" ​​kanye "nombono" afana, kodwa kunomehluko omncane. "Ukubona" ​​kubhekisela kulokho okwenziwa amehlo akho. "Ukubona" ​​kubhekisela kuyo yonke inqubo eqala ngamehlo bese iphela ngobuchopho buyihumusha futhi budale isithombe.

Ezinye izingxenye zamehlo ethu ezimangalisayo!

Iso lomuntu liyinto eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ukuze ubone, zonke lezi zingxenye kufanele zisebenze kahle. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.

• I-Cornea : Lokhu kufana nefasitela leso lakho. Kuvikela ingaphakathi leso lakho. Limanziswa futhi ligcotshwe izinyembezi zakho. Kuphinde kusize ekugobeni ukukhanya okungena esweni.
• I-Sclera : Lena yingxenye emhlophe yeso lakho. Inikeza iso isimo salo esijwayelekile kanye nesakhiwo salo.
• I-Conjunctiva : Lolu ulwelwesi oluncane kakhulu, olubonakalayo olumboza i-sclera kanye nengaphakathi lebhola leso lakho.
• Amahlaya Amanzi: Lolu uketshezi. Lugcwele igumbi elingaphambili ngaphakathi kweso. Ukucindezela kwalolu ketshezi yikho okuvimbela iso ukuthi linganciphi futhi ligcine isimo salo.
• I-Iris : Yilapho umbala wamehlo akho unqunywa khona. Abanye abantu banombala onsundu, abanye banohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, abanye banohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma ingxube ensundu, ophuzi, noluhlaza ( i-hazel ). Ibala elimnyama phakathi kweso, noma i-pupil, linwetshwa yimisipha ekhona lapha.
• Umfundi : Indilinga emnyama phakathi kwe-iris. Ifana nefasitela. Ilawula ukuthi kungena ukukhanya okungakanani esweni. Iba ncane ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo futhi ibe nkulu ebumnyameni.
• Ilensi : Yilokhu okugxila ekukhanyeni okungena esweni bese kukuqondisa ngemuva kweso, okungukuthi, ku-retina.
• I-Vitreous Humor : Lolu uketshezi olucacile, olufana nejeli olugcwalisa isikhala esiphakathi kwelensi ne-retina. Lusiza iso ukuthi ligcine isimo salo. Ngezinye izikhathi lubizwa ngokuthi i-vitreous .
• I-Retina : Ungqimba lwamaseli azwela ukukhanya ngemuva kweso. Yilapho ukukhanya kuguqulwa khona kube izimpawu zikagesi. Izinduku zisetshenziselwa ukubona ekukhanyeni okuphansi, kanti amakhoni asetshenziselwa ukubona umbala nokubona ngokucacile.
• I-Macula : Indawo encane kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu ku-retina. Inesibopho sesikhungo sokubona kwakho. Okusho ukuthi, inesibopho sokubona izinto ngokucacile, nokubona imibala nemininingwane emincane.
• I-Optic Nerve : I-nerve eyinhloko exhumanisa i-retina nobuchopho. Ifana nekhebula ledatha. Ithwala izimpawu ezivela emehlweni ziye ebuchosheni. Ixhunywe ezingxenyeni eziningana zobuchopho.
• Imisipha yangaphandle : Lokhu kusiza ukuhambisa iso emuva naphambili futhi kuligcine endaweni eyodwa. Kuphinde kusize ekushintsheni indlela iso eligxile ngayo lapho ubheka izinto eziseduze noma ezikude.

Ezinye izifo ezivamile ezingathinta amehlo ethu

Amehlo ethu anezinhlobo ezahlukene zezicubu - imisipha, izicubu ezixhumeneyo, imizwa, imithambo yegazi, njll. Ngakho-ke, izifo zamehlo nazo ziza ngezindlela ezahlukene, kuye ngokuthi ingxenye ethintekile ithintekile. Ake sibheke ezinye zezimo ezivamile.

• Amaphutha okubona ngamehlo avulekile : Lezi yizinkinga zokubona ezivame kakhulu abantu abaningi abanazo. Kalula nje, zenzeka lapho ukukhanya kungagxilile kahle ku-retina. Isibonelo, ukubona eduze (i-Myopia) kubangela ukuthi izinto zibonakale zicacile kodwa izinto ezikude zibonakale zingacacile.Izinto ezifana nokubona kude (i-Hyperopia) , lapho izinto ezikude zibonakala khona ngokucacile kodwa izinto eziseduze zifiphele, noma i-astigmatism, lapho umbono uphambukile khona.
• Izifo ze-cornea : Izifo ezithinta i-cornea, ingxenye esobala yeso. Lezi zingazalwa nazo noma zikhule kamuva ekuphileni.
• Izifo Zezinso : Lokhu kungabangelwa yizinkinga ezithinta ngqo i-retina. Noma kungaba umphumela wesinye isifo. Isibonelo, abantu abanesifo sikashukela bangalimaza i-retina ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuqhekeka kwe-retina kungenye inkinga enkulu.
• Izimo Zezinzwa Zokubona : Izifo ezithinta le nzwa ebalulekile exhumanisa iso nobuchopho. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-Optic Neuritis ( ukuvuvukala kwenzwa yokubona) kanye ne-Optic Atrophy (ukulahlekelwa yinzwa yokubona).
• Izinkinga zamehlo ezihlobene nokuguga : Lezi zinkinga zamehlo ziba zivamile njengoba sikhula, ikakhulukazi ngemva kweminyaka engu-65. Ezinye zincane, njenge- presbyopia . Kodwa ezinye, njenge -cataracts , i-age-related macular degeneration, noma i-glaucoma, ziyizimo ezingathi sína ezingaholela ekulahlekelweni umbono unomphela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amehlo angathinteka nezinto ezifana nokutheleleka, ukulimala, umdlavuza, kanye nokukhubazeka kokuzalwa.

Izinkinga zamehlo? Qaphela lezi zimpawu!

Uma kunenkinga ngamehlo ethu, indlela esizizwa ngayo, okungukuthi, izimpawu, ingahluka kakhulu. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi kunezingxenye eziningi ezithinta umbono wethu. Ake sibheke ezinye zezimpawu ezivamile.

Izinkinga ezibonakala ebusweni beso:

• Ukuluma, ubuhlungu, kanye nomuzwa wokushisa emehlweni.
• Ukubomvu kwamehlo.
• Ukukhala izinyembezi njalo, amehlo ezizwa emanzi.
• Ukuphuma koketshezi noma into efana nobomvu esweni.

Izinguquko ekubukekeni noma endaweni yeso:

• Ukushintsha kombala wengxenye emhlophe yeso (i-sclera) (isb. okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi).
• Ushintsho ekubukekeni kwe-iris noma umfundi (isb., i-leukocoria - iris ibonakala imhlophe, i-coloboma - ukulahlekelwa ingxenye ye-iris).
• I-Strabismus yilapho amehlo engaqondile, elinye liphendukela ngaphakathi ( i-Esotropia) , ngaphandle ( i-Exotropia ), phezulu (i-Hypertropia) , noma phansi ( i-Hypotropia ). Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-strabismus .

Izinguquko ekusebenzeni kokubona:

Lezi yizimpawu esizizwa ngokushesha.

• Ukungaboni kahle, ukubona okufiphele: Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yezinkinga zokubona.
• Izinkinga ezithile zokubona : Ubumpumputhe basebusuku , Ubumpumputhe bombala .
• Ukuncipha noma ukulahlekelwa umbono : Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, noma ukulahlekelwa umbono kancane kancane okuholela ebumpumputheni.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokubona : Ukubona kabili , ukubona ukukhanya okukhanyayo ( ama-Aura ) phambi kwamehlo (isb., njengasezinhlungwini zekhanda zamehlo ).
• Ukwesaba ukukhanya kwelanga/Ukuzwela kwelanga : Amehlo ayabuhlungu uma ebuka ukukhanya okukhulu, okuholela ekuthandeni izindawo ezimnyama.

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwamehlo nobuchopho kubaluleke kakhulu!

Lokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyazi. Ngezinye izikhathi, noma ngabe izimpawu zesifo samehlo zikhona, inkinga ayikho esweni ngokwalo. Kungabangelwa futhi yisifo kwenye indawo emzimbeni wethu. Isibonelo, i-jaundice ibangela ukuthi amehlo aphenduke aphuzi.

Sizwile ukuthi "amehlo ayifasitela lomphefumulo." Ngokwezokwelapha, amehlo afana nefasitela lobuchopho bethu. Ngoba, ezinye izimpawu ezibonakala emehlweni zingabonisa izinkinga ebuchosheni. Inzwa yakho yokubona iwukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kweso nobuchopho. Eqinisweni, i-retina yakho ngokwezobuchwepheshe iyingxenye yeSistimu yakho Yezinzwa Ephakathi , eyingxenye yobuchopho nomgogodla. Yingakho izinguquko zombono ziyisibonakaliso esikhulu ezimweni zokulimala kobuchopho (ukuxhuzula) noma izimo ezifana nesifo sohlangothi .

Injani impilo yamehlo akho? Ungathola ngalezi zivivinyo!

Kunezivivinyo eziningana ezenziwa odokotela ukuhlola impilo yamehlo akho. Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa ngezinye zazo.

• Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo . Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udinga izibuko noma cha, kungumqondo omuhle ukuhlolwa kwamehlo kanye ngonyaka noma njalo eminyakeni emibili. Lokhu kungabona izifo eziningi zamehlo ngaphambi kokuba ube nezimpawu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza lokhu kuhlolwa uma unezinye izimo, njengesifo sikashukela.
• Ukuhlolwa kobumpumputhe bombala .
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe okuvamile, njenge -ultrasound noma i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe -Glaucoma .
• Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yangaphakathi kweso.
• Ukuhlolwa kwesithombe se-retinal .
• Ukuhlolwa kwesibani esinqunyiwe : Lokhu kuvumela udokotela wamehlo ukuthi akhulise izakhiwo ezibucayi ngaphakathi kweso.
• Ukuhlolwa kokubona kahle: Ukufunda izincwadi nokuhlola amehlo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwensimu ebonakalayo : Ukuhlola ukuthi ungayibona kude kangakanani indawo ekuzungezile.

Kuye ngezimpawu zakho kanye nezimbangela ezisolwayo, udokotela wakho wamehlo angase ancome ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu wokwazi imininingwane.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha izifo zamehlo?

Kunezindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha izifo zamehlo. Ezinye izinkinga ezincane zinezindlela ezilula zokwelapha. Ezinye zidinga ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho, manje kunezindlela ezinhle zokwelapha izinto eziningi.

• Ukulungiswa kokubona : Lokhu kuyindlela eyinhloko yokwelapha izinkinga zokubona. Izibuko nama -contact lens yiwona asetshenziswa kakhulu. Abanye abantu badinga izibuko zikadokotela noma ama-contact lens. Abanye abantu bangasebenzisa izibuko zokufunda kuphela. Abanye bangakhetha ukuhlinzwa kokulungiswa kokubona .
• Imithi : Izifo eziningi ezithinta amehlo ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile zingelashwa ngemithi. Lezi zingaba ngesimo samaconsi amehlo noma amafutha okugcoba, noma imithi yomlomo noma imijovo. Kuya ngesifo.
• Ukuhlinzwa : Izifo eziningi zamehlo zingelashwa ngokuhlinzwa. Isibonelo, kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezifana ne -phacoemulsification (esebenzisa i-ultrasound ukuhlakaza into emhlophe yeso), i-cryotherapy (esebenzisa ukubanda okukhulu) , i-radiofrequency ablation (esebenzisa ukushisa okukhulu) , kanye nokuhlinzwa nge-laser .

Kungase kube nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo. Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzochaza ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu esimweni sakho.

Singawagcina kanjani amehlo ethu ayigugu ephilile?

Kunezinto ezimbalwa esingazenza ukuze sigcine amehlo ethu ephilile. Zilula kakhulu, kodwa zibaluleke kakhulu.

• Thola ukuhlolwa kwamehlo njalo : Kubalulekile ukuthi wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ugqoka izibuko noma cha, ahlolwe amehlo njalo ngonyaka noma emibili. Uma usengozini enkulu yesifo samehlo, kungadingeka ukuthi uhlolwe amehlo akho kaningi. Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzokweluleka ngalokhu.
• Vikela amehlo akho : Gqoka izibuko zokuphepha noma izibuko lapho usebenza endaweni yokusebenza, ngamakhemikhali, ngemishini, noma ngenkathi udlala imidlalo. Kungase kubonakale sengathi kuyinkinga, kodwa kungakusindisa ekulimaleni okukhulu kwamehlo kanye nobuhlungu.
• Yeka ukubhema, noma ungaqali : i-NicotineImikhiqizo kagwayi (ugwayi, ukuvapha, ukuhlafuna ugwayi) ingalimaza uhlelo lwakho lokujikeleza kwegazi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi imithambo yegazi ebucayi emehlweni akho. Uma udinga usizo lokuyeka, khuluma nodokotela wakho.
• Beka phambili ukudla okunomsoco : Thola amavithamini, amaminerali, nezinye izakhamzimba ezibalulekile empilweni yamehlo. Faka imifino eluhlaza, izithelo, nenhlanzi ekudleni kwakho.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele : Isisindo somzimba wakho kanye nempilo yakho iyonke nakho kuthinta impilo yamehlo akho.
• Ungalokothi ungazinaki izimpawu zamehlo : Ukushintsha kokubona kwakho, noma olunye uphawu oluthinta amehlo akho, kungaba uphawu lokuqala lwenkinga enkulu. Qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela wamehlo noma omunye uchwepheshe wezempilo bese uxoxa ngezinto ezikukhathazayo. Kulungile uma kungekho nkinga, kodwa uma ikhona, kufanelekile ukuthola ngaphambi kokuba ibe yimbi kakhulu.

Ezikhathini ezinjengalezi, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha!

Kunezikhathi lapho kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma kwenzeka okuthile emehlweni akho. Qaphela lezi zinto, njengoba zingaba yizimo eziphuthumayo:

• Ukulahlekelwa umbono ngokuzumayo, okuyingxenye noma okuphelele, noma okunciphile kakhulu emehlweni elilodwa noma womabili.
• Uma kukhona okubhajwe esweni lakho, noma uma kuzwakala sengathi kukhona okuthile esweni lakho kodwa awukwazi ukubona lutho.
• Uma usha eduze kwamehlo akho noma emehlweni akho (ngisho noma kusha okuncane).
• Uma iso liba bomvu, livuvukele, lishayeke, noma liphuma igazi ngenxa yokulimala.
• Uma kukhona ukuvuvukala embotsheni yethambo elizungeze inhlamvu yeso.
• Uma amehlo ephuma ngaphezu kokujwayelekile.
• Uma umbono wakho ufiphala ngokuzumayo futhi ubukeka njengenkungu.
• Uma uhlangabezana nezinye izimpawu zokutheleleka, njengokuhlanza, ukubanda, kanye nomkhuhlane, kanye nezinkinga zamehlo.
• Uma ubona ukukhanya phambi kwamehlo akho, uma ngokuzumayo unezinye izinto ezintantayo , noma uma ubona isikrini esimnyama siwela phambi kwamehlo akho (lokhu kungaba izimpawu zokuhlukana kwe-retinal ).
• Uma umbono wakho ubonakala sengathi uyiqoqo lezingcezu ezinemibala ehlukene ( umbono we-Kaleidoscope ).
• Uma ungakwazi ukujika amehlo akho aye ohlangothini olulodwa njengoba uvame ukwenza.
• Uma umbono wakho ngokuzumayo uba njengombono womhubhe (okusho ukuthi awukwazi ukubona okuzungezile, kodwa uqonde phambili kuphela).
• Ukuphambuka noma ukulahlekelwa umbono ophakathi (noma ngabe kukhona noma cha ushintsho embonweni ongaphandle).

Ngisho noma kungekho kulolu hlu, uma ucabanga ukuthi unesifo samehlo esibi kakhulu, qiniseka ukuthi ubonana nodokotela ngokushesha. Ukwenza kanjalo kungavikela umbono wakho futhi mhlawumbe kusindise nokuphila kwakho.

Yiziphi izinkinga zamehlo ezivame kakhulu?

Ngaphandle kwezimo zesikhashana (njengokutheleleka kwamehlo, imihuzuko), izinkinga zamehlo ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Amaphutha okubuyisa ukukhanya .
• Ama-cataract ahlobene nobudala.
• Ukuwohloka kwe-macular okuhlobene nobudala .
• Izifo ze-retinal (ikakhulukazi i-retinopathy yesifo sikashukela ebangelwa isifo sikashukela).
• I-Glaucoma .
• Isifo samehlo esomile .

Okokugcina, izinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzikhumbule...

Ngakho-ke, kusukela kulokho esikhulume ngakho namuhla, cishe ungaqonda ukuthi amehlo ethu ayigugu kangakanani, nokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukuwavikela. Amehlo ethu afana nefasitela lobuchopho bethu lapho sibona khona umhlaba. Singase singaqapheli ukubaluleka kwawo kuze kube yilapho esebenza kahle. Kodwa kuphela lapho sinenkinga encane lapho siqaphela khona ukuthi ayigugu kangakanani.

Uma unokungabaza noma ukukhathazeka ngokubona kwakho, ungakushayi indiva. Ungakuthathi njengento encane. Bonana nodokotela wamehlo ngokushesha. Akugcini nje ngokuvikela ukubona kwakho okuyigugu, kodwa futhi kungakusiza ukuthi uthole isimo esibucayi kakhulu kusenesikhathi.

Nakekela amehlo akho!

Amehlo , umbono, izifo zamehlo, ukuhlolwa kwamehlo, impilo yamehlo, izinkinga zokubona, ukunakekelwa kwamehlo