Ake sifunde 'ngomthambo wegazi' oyinhloko wenhliziyo yakho (i-Ascending Aorta) kanye nokubaluleka kwawo.

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu futhi, nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kulula kakhulu ukuyiqonda. Leyo yi- (Ascending Aorta) . Kalula nje, lena yingxenye yokuqala yomthambo wegazi oyinhloko, i- (Aorta) , eqala enhliziyweni yethu futhi isabalalise igazi kuwo wonke umzimba. Ifana nengxenye ebekwe emgudwini oyinhloko eletha amanzi avela ethangini lamanzi eya endlini. Ngakho-ke, ake sibone ukuthi iyini le (Ascending Aorta), kwenzekani kuyo, ukuthi hlobo luni lwezifo engazibangela, nokuthi ungayigcina kanjani iphilile.

Kuyini (i-Ascending Aorta)? Kubangelwa yini?

Cabanga nje ukuthi imizimba yethu ifana nedolobha elikhulu. Yonke indlu, yonke isitolo, yonke indawo kuleli dolobha idinga amanzi. Ngendlela efanayo, yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu idinga igazi elihlanzekile, eligcwele umoya-mpilo. Ngubani opompa leli gazi emzimbeni wonke? Inhliziyo yethu. Igazi elipompa inhliziyo lithwalwa emzimbeni wonke ngemithambo yegazi emikhulu, emikhulu (i-Aorta) , noma i-aorta enkulu.

Manje lokhu (i-Aorta) kunezingxenye eziningana.

1. (Ukwenyuka kwe-Aorta): Lena yingxenye ekhuphukayo njengoba iphuma egumbini eliyinhloko lokupompa igazi elibizwa ngokuthi i-Left Ventricle ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo. Lona ngumlingiswa wethu oyinhloko namuhla.

2. (I-Aortic Arch): Bese leli payipi ligoba phezulu njengesibambo senduku. Libizwa ngokuthi (i-Aortic Arch).

3. (I-Aorta Eyehlayo): Bese le payipi yehla, idlule esifubeni, idlule esiswini. Leyo ngxenye ibizwa ngokuthi i-(I-Aorta Eyehlayo).

Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi oyinhloko we- (Ascending Aorta) ukuthatha igazi elinomoya-mpilo elimpontshwe yinhliziyo bese liqala ukulisabalalisa ku-(Aortic Arch) bese lisuka lapho liye emzimbeni wonke. Ikakhulukazi, imithambo yegazi emibili ebaluleke kakhulu ebizwa ngokuthi i-Coronary Artery enikeza igazi enhliziyweni iqala kulokhu (Ascending Aorta). Cabanga nje, iphampu yamanzi nayo idinga amanzi ukuze isebenze, yileyo ndlela esebenza ngayo.

Ikuphi le (i-Ascending Aorta)? Ibukeka kanjani?

Le (i-Ascending Aorta) itholakala esifubeni sethu, ikakhulukazi ithambo elikhulu eliphakathi kwesifuba, ngemuva kwe- (Sternum) , ngakwesobunxele senhliziyo. Ixhunywe ngqo kwi- (Left Ventricle) yenhliziyo futhi inwebeka phezulu.

Ngokubukeka, yonke i-aorta ibukeka njengenduku encane eyodwa. I-ascensing aorta yingxenye emfushane kakhulu yenduku eqala eduze kwenhliziyo bese ikhuphuka. I-aortic arch yingxenye egoba njengesibambo senduku.

I-Ascending Aorta ivame ukuba phakathi kwamasentimitha angu-5 no-8 (cishe amasentimitha angu-2 kuya kwangu-3) ubude kanye namasentimitha angu-3 kuya kwangu-4 ububanzi. Iyancipha kancane kancane ububanzi njengoba yehla esifubeni.

Yiziphi izingxenye ze-Ascending Aorta? Yakhiwa kanjani?

I-aorta yonke ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-thoracic aorta kanye ne-abdominal aorta.I-(Ascending Aorta), (Aortic Arch), kanye ne-(Descending Aorta) ziyahlangana ukuze zakhe i-(Thoracic Aorta).

I-Aorta Ekhuphukayo iqala eduze kwe-Aortic Heart Valve, etholakala ngemuva kwe-Left Ventricle. Le Aorta Valve ifana nomnyango. Iyavuleka futhi ivale ukuze igazi ligeleze lisuka kwi-Left Ventricle liye kwi-Aorta. I-Aorta Ekhuphukayo iphela ngaphambi nje kwe-Brachiocephalic Artery, igatsha lokuqala elikhulu elivela kwi-Aortic Arch.

I-Aorta Ekhuphukayo inezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko:

1. (Impande ye-Aortic): Lena impande ye-(Ascending Aorta), ingxenye eseduze kakhulu ne-(Aortic Valve). Ngaphakathi kwalokhu kunezimbobo ezincane ezifana nebhalbhu ezibizwa ngokuthi (Aortic Sinuses) . Yilapho kuqala khona i-right and left (Coronary Arteries) (imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi enhliziyweni). Yilapho futhi i- (Sinotubular Junction - STJ) . I-STJ yilapho i-(Ascending Aorta) iba yipayipi elivamile.

2. I-Tubular (I-Aorta Ekhuphukayo): Lokhu kuqala ngemva kwe-STJ kuqhubeke kuze kufike ku-Aortic Arch. Ayikho eminye imithambo yegazi ephuma kule ngxenye.

Njengezinye izingxenye ze-aorta, i-ascending aorta yakhiwe ngezingqimba ezintathu zezicubu. Cabanga ngayo njengepayipi, enezingqimba ezintathu:

• (Tunica Intima): Lolu ungqimba olungaphakathi kakhulu. Igazi ligeleza kulo.
• (Imidiya): Lolu ungqimba oluphakathi. Lunemicu eminingi enwebekayo. Lokhu kuvumela i-(Aorta) ukuthi ifinyele futhi inwebeke ngokwengcindezi yegazi. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lemicu ingaba buthakathaka futhi udonga lungaba luncane.
• (Adventitia): Lolu ungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu. Luqukethe imithambo yegazi emincane enikeza ukudla odongeni lwe-(Aorta).

Kalula nje, i-Ascending Aorta 'iyipayipi' elibaluleke kakhulu nelinamandla eliqala ngokwamukela igazi enhliziyweni bese liqala ukulithumela emzimbeni wonke.

Yiziphi izifo ezithinta i-Aorta Ekhuphukayo?

Ngeshwa, le ngxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ingadala izifo ezahlukahlukene. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi eziyinhloko:

• Ama-Aneurysms e-Aortic: Lena inkinga evame kakhulu. I-aneurysm iwukuba buthaka kodonga lomthambo wegazi, okubangela ukuba uqhume njengebhaluni. Ama-aneurysms e-aortic angaphezu kuka-50% esifubeni ayenzeka ku-aorta ekhuphukayo. Angenzeka empandeni ye-aortic noma ku-aorta ekhuphukayo eneshubhu. Ama-aneurysms e-aortic ayizimo ezisongela ukuphila. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-aneurysm ingabangela ukudabuka ezingqimbeni zomthambo wegazi - isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-aortic dissection . Noma, uma iqhuma ngokuphelele, ukuphuma kwegazi okukhulu kungenzeka ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo.

• (I-Aortic Valve Stenosis):Nakuba i-Aortic Valve ingeyona ingxenye ye-Ascending Aorta, inamathele odongeni lwangaphakathi lwe-Ascending Aorta. I-Aortic Stenosis iwukuncishiswa kwe-Aortic Valve phakathi kwe-Aortic Root kanye ne-Left Ventricle. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi inhliziyo isebenze kanzima ukupompa igazi ku-Aorta. Lokhu kungabangela ukuba imisipha yenhliziyo ikhule.

• (Ukuvuselelwa Kwe-Aortic Valve): Lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-(Aortic Valve) ingavali kahle. Bese kuthi, esikhundleni sokuqhubekela phambili ku-(Aorta), igazi liphinde liphume liye ku-(Left Ventricle). Lokhu kubangela ukuthi inhliziyo ipompe igazi eliningi kunokujwayelekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inhliziyo ingaba buthakathaka. (Aortic Valve Regurgitation) ingenzeka futhi ngenxa yokuthi i-(Ascending Aorta) ivuleke.

• I-Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV): Abanye abantu bazalwa benamapheshana amabili ku-aortic valve yabo esikhundleni samathathu. Abantu abanalolu hlobo lwe-valve basengozini enkulu yokuthola ama-aneurysms e-aortic akhuphukayo. I-BAV ingabangela i-aortic stenosis, i-aortic regurgitation, noma kokubili.

• Izifo Zezicubu Ezixhumeneyo: Abantu abanezifo ezifana ne- (Marfan Syndrome) , (Loeys-Dietz Syndrome) , kanye ne- (Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome) bangaba nezinkinga ezifana ne-(Aneurysms) ngoba udonga lwe-(Aorta) lungaba buthaka.

• Izinkinga Zokuvuvukala: Izimo ezifana ne- Giant Cell Arteritis kanye ne-Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcers nazo zingalimaza udonga lwe-aorta.

Nakuba lezi zimpawu zingase zibonakale ziyesabeka kancane, zingalawulwa uma zitholakale kusenesikhathi futhi zelashwe kahle .

Ngingayigcina kanjani i-Ascending Aorta yami iphilile?

Izinto ezifanayo ozenzayo ukugcina inhliziyo yakho kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi kuphilile nazo zinhle empilweni ye-Ascending Aorta.

• Yidla ukudla okunempilo nokulinganiselayo: Yidla ukudla okune-sodium ephansi (usawoti), i-cholesterol, namafutha agcwele. Yidla izithelo eziningi, imifino, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, kanye ne-fiber.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo: Yenza okuthile okufana nokuhamba, ukugijima, noma ukubhukuda okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku. Kuqinisa inhliziyo futhi kulawula umfutho wegazi.
• Yeka ukubhema nemikhiqizo kagwayi ngokuphelele: Ukubhema kuyisitha esikhulu semithambo yegazi. Kuyenza buthaka udonga lwe-aorta futhi kwandisa ingozi ye-aneurysms.
• Nciphisa noma uyeke ukuphuza utshwala: Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile kungakhuphula umfutho wegazi futhi kulimaze inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
• Thola ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa njalo njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wakho, ikakhulukazi uma unezinkinga ezifana nomfutho wegazi ophakeme, i-cholesterol, isifo sikashukela, noma uma othile emndenini wakho eye waba nezinkinga ze-aorta.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma kutholakale ukuthi une-Ascending Aortic Syndrome noma esinye isifo senhliziyo, bona udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uthola izimpawu ezintsha noma uma izimpawu zakho ezikhona ziba zimbi kakhulu.

Futhi, uma uhlangabezana nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo, kungaba uphawu lokuqhuma kwe-aneurysm futhi kufanele ufune usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo ngokushesha:

• Ukuzizwa unesizungu noma ukuphelelwa yithemba (ukuquleka).
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo.
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni noma emhlane ongaphezulu.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.

Ungazinaki izimpawu ezinjengalezi. Ukuthola ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kungasindisa impilo.

Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya

I-ascensing aorta iyingxenye yokuqala yomthambo wegazi omkhulu kunayo yonke emzimbeni wethu, i-aorta. Ixhuma enhliziyweni futhi idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekusizeni ukusabalalisa igazi elinomoya-mpilo elikhishwa yinhliziyo liye emzimbeni wonke.

Ezinye izinkinga nge-Ascending Aorta, njengokuqhuma kwe-aneurysm, zingaba yingozi empilweni. Ngakho-ke, uma othile emndenini wakho enomlando wesifo senhliziyo, noma uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola izinkinga nge-Ascending Aorta. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ukuphila impilo enempilo. Nakekela inhliziyo yakho, ngoba ikugcina uphila!

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