Ake sifunde ngemizwa ekhethekile eyi-12 evela ebuchosheni bakho? (Imizwa Yekhanda)

Kunezinto eziningi ezimangalisayo ezenzeka emizimbeni yethu, akunjalo? Ungase ungacabangi ngisho ngakho, kodwa kunezithunywa ezibaluleke kakhulu ezithwala imiyalezo evela ebuchosheni bakho hhayi nje kuphela ekhanda lakho, ebusweni, nasentanyeni, kodwa nasesifubeni sakho. Yilokho esizokhuluma ngakho namuhla. Lezi zibizwa ngokuthi izinzwa ze-cranial, noma ngesiNgisi, `(Cranial Nerves)`.

Ziyini lezi zinzwa zekhanda?

Kalula nje, imizwa yakho ye-cranial iyisethi yama-nerve angu-12. Ifana nezintambo zikagesi. Zithumela futhi zamukele izimpawu zikagesi ezivela ebuchosheni bakho ziye ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zekhanda lakho, ubuso, intamo, kanye nesifuba sakho esingaphezulu. Lezi zimpawu yizo ezikuvumela ukuthi ubone, uhogele, unambithe, uzwe, futhi ushukumise imisipha yobuso bakho ukuze umomotheke futhi ukhulume. Lezi mizwa ziqala ngemuva kobuchopho bakho. Ziyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesimiso sakho sezinzwa.

Uma ucabanga ngokubona, ukuzwa, ukuhogela, nokunambitha, ucabanga ngokushesha ngezinto ezinjengamehlo, izindlebe, ikhala, nomlomo. Kodwa-ke, uma le mizwa ye-cranial ingaphilile, izinzwa zakho azikwazi ukusebenza kahle. Futhi yile mizwa ye-cranial ekusiza ukuthi wenze imizwa yobuso ehlukene futhi uxhumane nabanye.

Zingaki izibili zalezi zinzwa ezikhona? Zitholakala kanjani?

Unezinzwa ze-cranial eziyi-12. Izinzwa ezimbili zihlukana zibe yizimbili, zikhonza izinhlangothi ezimbili zobuchopho kanye nezinhlangothi ezimbili zomzimba. Isibonelo, unezinzwa ezimbili ezinuka iphunga (izinzwa ezizwa iphunga). Enye itholakala ohlangothini lwesobunxele lobuchopho, enye ohlangothini lwesokudla.

Ezimbili zalezi zimbili zezinzwa – inzwa yakho yokuhogela (leyo elawula umuzwa wakho wokuhogela) kanye nenzwa yakho yokubona (leyo elawula umbono wakho) – ziqala ebuchosheni bakho. I-cerebrum yingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke yobuchopho bakho. Ezinye izimbili zezinzwa ziqala ebuchosheni bakho. Le nqubo yobuchopho yiyo exhumanisa ubuchopho bakho nomgogodla.

Ubuwazi? Imizwa ende kunazo zonke kulezi ze-cranial yi-Vagus Nerve. Iqala kusukela ebuchosheni bakho kuze kube semathunjini akho amakhulu, ixhumanisa nezitho eziningi endleleni.

Yimiphi imisebenzi eyinhloko ye-Cranial Nerves?

Izinzwa zakho zekhanda zithwala kakhulu ulwazi lwezinzwa kanye/noma ulwazi lokulawula ukunyakaza noma ukunyakaza .

Izinzwa Zemizwa ziyakusiza:

• Zizwe ukuthintwa, uzwe ubuhlungu kanye nokushisa komzimba.
• Yizwa imisindo.
• Izinto zingabonakala.
• Yinuke.
• Ukunambitha.

Izinzwa zemisipha zisiza ukulawula imisipha ethile . Ezinye izinzwa zesifuba zingenza imisebenzi yezinzwa kanye neyemisipha.

Imizwa yakho ngayinye kwezingu-12 ze-cranial inomsebenzi othize. Odokotela bayihlukanisa ngenombolo nangomsebenzi. Ake sibheke ukuthi iyini:

1. I-Olfactory Nerve (CN I)

Yilokhu okukuvumela ukuthi unuke. Cabanga ukuthi unganuka ukudla okumnandi noma izimbali ngenxa yalo mthambo.

2. I-Optic Nerve (CN II)

Yilesi sitho esithwala ulwazi olubonayo, okungukuthi, umbono , siye ebuchosheni.

3. I-Oculomotor Nerve (CN III)

Lo mthambo uyakusiza ukuthi uhambise amehlo akho, uphakamise amehlo akho, futhi ukhulise i-pupil ngokuya ngokukhanya .

4. I-Trochlear Nerve (CN IV)

Le nerve ikusiza ukuthi ubheke phansi, uphendule impumulo yakho ohlangothini olulodwa, noma uphendule impumulo yakho kolunye uhlangothi .

5. I-Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)

Lona umthambo obaluleke kakhulu. Yiwona okunika umuzwa (ukuthinta, ubuhlungu) emehlweni akho, ebusweni bakho, nangaphakathi komlomo wakho . Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa lo mthambo uyakusiza futhi ukuhlafuna ukudla kwakho .

6. I-Abducens Nerve (CN VI)

Le nzwa ikusiza ukuthi uhambise amehlo akho kwesobunxele nakwesokudla .

7. Inzwa Yobuso (Inzwa Yobuso - CN VII)

Ilawula imisipha eminingana elawula ukubonakaliswa kobuso, njengalapho umomotheka noma uhwaqabala. Futhi yimizwa ekuvumela ukuthi unambithe ingxenye yolimi lwakho .

8. I-Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)

Yilokhu okusiza ukuzwa izinto nokugcina ibhalansi yomzimba wakho .

9. I-Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)

Inesibopho sokuzwa ukunambitheka kwenye ingxenye yolimi lwakho, kanye nokulawula ukugwinya kokudla . Ngaphezu kwalokho, inezinzwa ze-parasympathetic ezilawula umfutho wegazi, futhi ihilelekile ekukhiqizweni kwamathe.

10. I-Vagus Nerve (CN X)

Lona umthambo obaluleke kakhulu. Ulawula izinqubo eziningi ezizenzakalelayo emzimbeni wakho, njengokugaya ukudla, umfutho wegazi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula, isimo sengqondo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamathe . Ungumthambo oyinhloko ohlelweni lwakho lwezinzwa lwe-parasympathetic .

11. Inzwa Yezisekeli (Inzwa Yezisekeli / Inzwa Yezisekeli Zomgogodla - CN XI)

Lo mthambo usiza ukulawula ukunyakaza kwamahlombe akho nentamo .

12. I-Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

Ilawula ukunyakaza kolimi lwakho , okubaluleke kakhulu lapho ukhuluma, udla, futhi ugwinya.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezithinta lezi zinzwa zekhanda?

Uma enye yalezi zinzwa ze-cranial yonakele ngandlela thile, ngeke isebenze kahle. Lokhu kungabangela ukunyakaza okuthile noma izinkinga zokuzwa kuye ngokuthi lowo mzwa usebenza kanjani. Kunezizathu eziningana ezingathinta ukusebenza kwalezi zinzwa. Isibonelo:

• Ukulimala ekhanda`(Ukulimala Ekhanda / Ukulimala Ebuchosheni Okubuhlungu)`. Cabanga nje, njengokushayisa ikhanda lakho engozini.
• Izifo zesimiso sezinzwa noma zobuchopho , isibonelo, izifo ezifana ne-neuropathy kanye ne-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
• Ukucindezelwa kwemizwa yimithambo yegazi, izimila, noma ukuvuvukala eduze kwemizwa.
• Izinkinga zesistimu yokujikeleza kwegazi , isibonelo, isifo semithambo yegazi emincane (isifo semithambo yegazi emincane), isifo sohlangothi.
• Ukuvuvukala okubangelwa izifo ezithile , isibonelo, i-Herpes Zoster Virus (leli yigciwane elifanayo elibangela izifo ezifana nesimungumungwane kanye ne-chickenpox, futhi libangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-shingles).
• Izimo zokuzivikela komzimba yizifo lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela khona umzimba. Isibonelo, i-scleroderma, i-Sjögren's syndrome.
• Ukulimala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kobuchopho, kobuso, noma kwamazinyo.

Ziyini izifo ze-Cranial Nerve Palsies?

Uma kunenkinga nge-motor cranial nerve elawula ukunyakaza, odokotela bayibiza ngokuthi “i-palsy.” Igama elithi “Palsy” lisho into efana “nokukhubazeka” noma “ukulahlekelwa ukuphila.” Lokhu kubangela ubuthakathaka bemisipha nezinkinga zokunyakaza.

Nazi ezinye izibonelo zokungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa ye-cranial:

• Ukukhubazeka Kwezinzwa Kwesithathu / Ukukhubazeka Kwe-Oculomotor: Kulesi simo, elinye lamehlo akho livame ukubonakala libheke phansi nangaphandle.
• I-Fourth Nerve Palsy / Trochlear Nerve Palsy: Lokhu kuvame ukubangela ukubona okuphindwe kabili okuqondile, kanye nobunzima bokubheka phansi.
• I-Sixth Nerve Palsy / Abducens Nerve Palsy: Kulesi simo, amehlo angase angahambisani (Strabismus) futhi kungase kube nokubona okuphindwe kabili.
• I-Bell's Palsy: Lesi yisimo esithinta imithambo yakho yobuso. Lokhu futhi kuyisifo sokungasebenzi kahle kwemithambo yobuso. Ngokuvamile, uhlangothi olulodwa lobuso luphelelwa amandla okwesikhashana futhi luwe.

Yiziphi ezinye izimo ezingathinta lezi zinzwa?

Esinye isifo esithile semizwa yobuchopho yi -trigeminal neuralgia . Lokhu kubonakala ngeziqephu zobuhlungu obukhulu, obungabekezeleleki ebusweni. Lobuhlungu bungaba bukhulu kangangokuthi kungaba nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho i-trigeminal nerve icindezelwa umthambo wegazi.

Eminye imizwa ye-cranial, njenge-optic nerve yakho kanye ne-vagus nerve, ingaba nezinkinga ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, izifo ezithinta i-optic nerve zifaka phakathi i-glaucoma kanye ne-optic neuritis.(Ukuvuvukala kwenzwa ye-optic). Ukungasebenzi kahle kwenzwa ye-vagus kungabangela izimo ezifana ne -gastroparesis (ukungasebenzi kahle kwemisipha yesisu) kanye ne -vasovagal syncope (ukuquleka okungazelelwe).

Yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sigcine imizwa yethu yekhanda iphilile?

Eqinisweni, ezinye izifo zemizwa yekhanda azinakuvinjelwa. Kodwa-ke, kunezinto ezithile ongazenza ukuze ugcine ubuchopho bakho, imizwa yekhanda, kanye nesimiso sonke sezinzwa siphilile:

• Gcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele.
• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco. Faka izithelo, imifino, ubhontshisi kanye nokolweni ophelele ekudleni kwakho.
• Vivinya umzimba njalo.
• Gcina umfutho wegazi lakho usezingeni elifanele.
• Uma unezifo ezingalimaza imizwa yakho, njengesifo sikashukela, zilawule kahle.
• Uma uphuza utshwala, bunciphise.
• Uma ubhema, yeka.

Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele ngizibonele udokotela?

Izimpawu zokulimala noma isifo semithambo yobuchopho ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi imithambo ithintekile. Uma unesinye noma ngaphezulu salezi zimpawu, bheka udokotela ngokushesha:

• Ukugoba kolunye uhlangothi lobuso.
• Ubuhlungu bobuso noma ukungazweli.
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha noma ukulahlekelwa amandla.
• Ukuba ndikindiki noma kuphi emzimbeni.
• Izinkinga zokubona.
• Izinkinga ngokunambitha noma iphunga.
• I-Dysarthria inkulumo engacacile.
• Ubunzima bokuhlafuna noma ukugwinya ukudla (i-Dysphagia).

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Manje cishe usuyaqonda ukuthi le mizwa yekhanda ibaluleke kangakanani kithi. Asikwazi ukuzwa umhlaba osizungezile - ukubona, ukuzwa, ukuhogela, ukunambitha izinto - ngaphandle kwale mizwa. Ibalulekile futhi ekushukumiseni amehlo ethu, ulimi, umlomo, kanye nezingxenye ezahlukene zobuso bethu.

Esikhathini esiningi, asicabangi kakhulu ngalezi zinzwa kuze kube yilapho kukhona okungahambi kahle. Kodwa-ke, uma uqaphela ngokuzumayo ushintsho emizweni yakho, noma uma uba nezimpawu ezihlobene nokusebenza kobuso bakho, kungaba ngenxa yenkinga ngesinye sezinzwa ze-cranial. Uma kunjalo, qiniseka ukuthi ubona udokotela. Uzokwazi ukuthola ukuthi yini ngempela engalungile. Ungakhathazeki, kuvame ukuba khona ukwelashwa kwalokhu.

` Imizwa Yekhanda, Imizwa Yobuchopho, Uhlelo Lwezinzwa, Imizwa Yobuso, Imizwa Yokuzwa, Imizwa Yokunyakaza