Ake sifunde kabanzi ngokuhlolwa kwe-Anion Gap, okulinganisa ibhalansi ye-acid-base yegazi lakho.

Cishe uke wezwa ngokuhlolwa kwegazi uma uya kudokotela. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungakutshela okuningi ngezinto ezahlukene emizimbeni yethu. Futhi, isilinganiso esibalulekile sokulinganisela kwama-asidi nezisekelo egazini lethu, okungukuthi, ibhalansi ye-asidi-base, sibizwa ngokuthi i- Anion Gap . Akukho okufanele ukwesabe uma uzwa lokhu, kunikeza izinkomba mayelana nezimo ezithile zempilo emizimbeni yethu. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula, bese kuba sobala nakuwe.

Iyini le Anion Gap, Dokotela?

Kalula nje, i-Anion Gap iyisilinganiso somehluko phakathi kwezinhlayiya ezishajwe ngogesi (ama-electrolyte) egazini lakho. Ungase ukhumbule ukufunda ngama-ion ashajwe kahle (+) kanye nama-ion ashajwe kabi (-) esikoleni. Yilokho kanye. Igazi lethu liqukethe nalezi zinhlobo zama-electrolyte amahle nangalungile.

Ngakho-ke, okwenziwa yi-Anion Gap ukukala umehluko, noma "igebe," phakathi kwama-electrolyte amakhulu ashajwe kahle (njenge-potassium ne-sodium) kanye nama-electrolyte amakhulu ashajwe kabi (njenge-chloride ne-bicarbonate) egazini. Lokhu akuyona into elinganiswa ngqo ngumshini. I-Anion Gap ibalwa kusetshenziswa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi okunye udokotela wakho akuyalele kona. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukufakwa emaphaketheni okuhlolwa kwegazi esiwatholayo lapho siya kudokotela ngenxa yokugula. Isibonelo:

• Iphaneli Ephelele Ye-Metabolic (i-CMP)
• Iphaneli Eyisisekelo Ye-Metabolic (BMP)
• Iphaneli ye-Electrolyte

Ukuhlolwa okufana nalokhu kunikeza idatha edingekayo ukuze kutholakale igebe le-anion.

Kungani kwenziwa lokhu kuhlolwa kwesikhala se-anion? Kuhlolwa ini?

Le-Anion Gap ihlola kakhulu ukuthi kukhona ukungalingani kwama-electrolyte egazini lakho, noma ukuthi igazi lakho line-asidi kakhulu (`(Acidosis)`) noma lilula kakhulu (`(Alkalosis)`) .

Cabanga ngale ndlela: umzimba wethu ufana nomshini olungiswe kahle. Konke okukulo mshini kudingeka kube nokulinganisela okuphelele. Ibhalansi ye-acid-base egazini iyafana. Uma kukhona ukungalingani kulokhu, kusho ukuthi okuthile emzimbeni akusebenzi kahle. I-Acidosis noma i-alkalosis, kokubili okungaba yingozi. Ngakho-ke, odokotela basebenzisa lo mphumela we-anion gap ukuzama ukuthola ukuthi yini ebangela lokhu kungalingani.

Ngidinga nini ukuhlolwa kwe-Anion Gap?

Udokotela wakho angase akucele ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuhlanganisa igebe le-anion, ikakhulukazi uma ubonisa izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi unokungalingani emazingeni e-asidi egazini lakho. Okusho ukuthi, izimpawu ezibangelwa yi-acidosis (ukwanda kwe-asidi) noma i-alkalosis (ukwanda kwe-alkalinity). Lokhu kungafaka:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukuhlanza kanye nesicanucanu
• Ukudideka
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu

Ngezinye izikhathi, uma wenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile ngesinye isizathu, i-Anion Gap ingafakwa ephaketheni lokuhlolwa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ungase ungabi nazimpawu ezithile, kodwa leli nani lizoshiwo embikweni. Isibonelo, ezivivinyweni ezinjalo, umphumela we-Anion Gap ungabonakala kanje:

• Iphaneli Eyisisekelo Ye-Metabolic (BMP)
• Iphaneli Ephelele Ye-Metabolic (i-CMP)
• Iphaneli ye-Electrolyte
• Iphaneli Yomsebenzi Wezinso (RFP)

Kwenziwa kanjani lokhu kuhlolwa? Ingabe kufanele ngesabe ukukhishelwa igazi?

Eqinisweni, i-Anion Gap iyisivivinyo esiqondile kakhulu kunesivivinyo selabhorethri, lapho ososayensi belinganisa khona izinto ezifana ne -sodium, i-chloride, ne-CO2 (i-carbon dioxide) kusampula yegazi lakho bese besebenzisa lawo manani ukubala inani. Le miphumela ingasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi izimpawu zakho zibangelwa yini ukwanda kwe-asidi noma ukwehla kwe-alkalinity (okungukuthi, ukwanda kwe-alkalinity). Kungasiza futhi ekunqumeni ukuthi unesifo esithile esingaphansi.

Ingabe kukhona okukhethekile okudingeka ngikwenze ngaphambi kokunikela ngegazi?

Udokotela wakho uzokutshela uma udinga ukwenza noma yini ekhethekile ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ungase ucelwe ukuthi uzile ukudla amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwegazi. Kufanele futhi utshele udokotela wakho uma uphuza noma yimiphi imithi, njengoba eminye imithi ingathinta imiphumela yokuhlolwa.

Kwenzekani uma unikela ngegazi?

Ukunikela ngegazi empeleni akwesabisi njengoba ungase ucabange. Nakhu okuvame ukwenzeka:

• Uzohlala esihlalweni. Ngemuva kwalokho udokotela we-phlebotomist uzokhetha umthambo olula engalweni yakho ukuze akhiphe igazi kuwo. Bangase babeke ibhande lerabha nxazonke kwengalo engenhla ukuze umthambo ubonakale. Ngokuvamile, igazi likhishwa ngaphakathi kwendololwane.
• Uma umthambo usutholakele, indawo iyahlanzwa kahle futhi ihlanzwe ngamagciwane.
• Ngemuva kwalokho, kufakwa inaliti encane emthanjeni bese kuthathwa isampula yegazi. Kuleli qophelo, ungase uzizwe ulunywa kancane, njengokulunywa yintuthwane . Lokhu futhi kuhlala imizuzwana embalwa.
• Ngemva kokufaka inaliti, inani elincane legazi liqoqwa epayipini lokuhlola.
• Ngemva kokuthatha igazi elanele lokuhlolwa, inaliti iyasuswa bese kubekwa ucezu lukakotini noma i-gauze endaweni bese lucindezelwa ukuze kumiswe ukopha.
• Bese kufakwa iplasta encane endaweni. Yilokho kuphela, umsebenzi usuqedile!

Lonke lolu hlelo luvame ukuthatha imizuzu engaphansi kwemihlanu .

Kwenzekani ngemva kokuhlolwa? Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthola umbiko?

Isampula yegazi lakho lithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze lihlolwe. Lapho, usosayensi welabhorethri yezokwelapha ulungisa isampula bese enza ukuhlolwa esebenzisa imishini ekhethekile (abahlaziyi begazi).

Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa isifikile, udokotela wakho uzokutshela imiphumela, noma ingase ibhalwe kurekhodi lakho lezokwelapha le-elekthronikhi. Uma unezimpawu, njengokuphelelwa umoya noma ukuhlanza, futhi une-anion gap test, ungathola imiphumela zingakapheli amahora ambalwa . Kodwa-ke, uma lokhu kuhlolwa kwenziwa njengengxenye yephakheji yokuhlolwa kwegazi evamile (njengephaneli ye-metabolic eyisisekelo), kungathatha usuku olulodwa kuya kwezimbili zebhizinisi ukuthi imiphumela ibuye.

Ingabe zikhona izingozi ngalokhu kuhlolwa kwegazi?

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuyindlela evamile kakhulu futhi edingekayo kwezokwelapha. Azikho izingozi ezinkulu ezihilelekile ekunikeleni ngegazi. Ungase ube nemihuzuko noma ukuvuvukala okuncane lapho igazi likhishwe khona. Kodwa lokhu kuzophela phakathi nosuku noma ezimbili. Ngakho ungakhathazeki ngakho.

Kulungile, manje lo mbiko we-Anion Gap usitshelani?

Umbiko wokuhlolwa kwegazi, okuhlanganisa nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi le-Anion Gap, ngokuvamile uqukethe ulwazi olulandelayo:

• Igama lokuhlolwa kwegazi, noma lokho okulinganiswe egazini lakho.
• Inombolo noma isilinganiso somphumela wokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho.
• Ububanzi obujwayelekile bokulinganisa belebhu balolo vivinyo.
• Ingabe umphumela wakho ujwayelekile, awujwayelekile, uphezulu noma uphansi?

Iyini igebe elijwayelekile le-anion?

Empeleni, akukho inani elilodwa le-Anion Gap elithi "leli inani elijwayelekile lawo wonke umuntu." Uma uthola imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho, umbiko uzophinde usho ukuthi lingakanani ibanga elijwayelekile le-Anion Gap kulelo labhorethri.

Futhi, lolu hlu "olujwayelekile" lwe-Anion Gap lungahluka kuye ngezici ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, abantu abasebenzisa umuthi i-Lithium Carbonate wesifo se-bipolar bangase babe ne-Anion Gap ephansi kancane ngenxa yomuthi.

Kusho ukuthini uma igebe le-anion likhuphuka? Ingabe liyingozi?

Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho ikhombisa i-Anion Gap ephezulu , ungase ube ne-acidosis . Lokhu kusho ukuthi igazi lakho line-asidi kakhulu kunejwayelekile (i-pH yegazi lakho iphansi kunejwayelekile).

I-Acidosis ingabangelwa yizinto eziningana:

• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni: Ukungatholi amanzi anele emzimbeni.
• Uhudo : Uhudo lubangela ukulahleka koketshezi oluningi kanye nama-electrolyte emzimbeni.
• Ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile : Ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile kungabangela izinto ezifana ne-lactic acid ukuthi ziqongelelane emzimbeni.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, i-acidosis ingaba uphawu lwezinye izimo eziningana zezokwelapha ezimbi :

• Isifo Sezinso : Izinso eziphilile zikhipha i-asidi eningi emzimbeni ngomchamo. Kodwa-ke, kubantu abanesifo sezinso, izinso azikwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi ngendlela efanele. I-asidi iyanqwabelana emzimbeni, okubangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-metabolic acidosis.
• Isifo Sikashukela : I-Acidosis ingenzeka, ikakhulukazi uma unesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1 esingakatholakali. Uma i-pancreas ingakhiqizi i-insulin eyanele, amangqamuzana awakwazi ukwamukela ushukela (i-glucose), futhi igazi lingaba ne-acid.
• I-Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) : Lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu, esongela impilo ebangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-insulin kusifo sikashukela esingatholakali.
• Ubuthi be-Salicylate (`(Ubuthi be-Salicylate / Ubuthi be-Salicylate)`) : I-Salicylate iyikhemikhali etholakala emithini eminingi ethengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela kanye nemithi kadokotela. I-aspirin iyimithi evamile equkethe le salicylate. Ukuthatha kakhulu kwalokhu noma ukuthatha ngokweqile kungaholela ebuthi be-salicylate, okuphinde kube yingozi empilweni.

Okubalulekile: Isikhala esikhulu se-anion akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukugula okubi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, udokotela uzobheka imbangela.

Kuthiwani uma igebe le-anion lincipha? Lokho akuvamile ukwenzeka, akunjalo?

Yebo, akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi i-Anion Gap ibonise inani eliphansi . Ngakho-ke, udokotela wakho cishe uzophinda ukuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imiphumela inembile.

Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho ikhombisa igebe eliphansi le-anion, kungasho ukuthi unezinga eliphansi kunejwayelekile leprotheyini ebizwa ngokuthi i-albumin egazini lakho (hypoalbuminemia). I-Albumin iyiprotheyini ebalulekile egazini lethu. Amazinga aphansi e-albumin angabangelwa yizimo ezifana nalezi:

• Izinkinga zezinso
• Isifo senhliziyo
• Isifo sesibindi
• Izinhlobo ezithile zomdlavuza

Futhi, imiphumela yesikhala esiphansi se-anion ayivamile. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngemiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa.

Ngakho-ke, kufanele sikhathazeke uma lesi sikhala se-anion sikhula noma sincipha?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho ikhombisa i-Anion Gap ephezulu noma ephansi, akusho ukuthi unesifo esibi kakhulu . Kunezici eziningi ezithinta amazinga akho e-electrolyte, ezingathinta nokulinganiswa kwe-Anion Gap. Kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona okungahambanga kahle ngesikhathi kuqoqwa isampula yegazi, kuyiswa elabhorethri, noma kwenziwa ukuhlolwa.

Uma udokotela wakho ehlaziya imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwegazi lakho, uzocabangela izinto eziningi, njengomlando wakho wezokwelapha ophelele kanye nemithi oyiphuzayo . Uma imiphumela yakho ye-Anion Gap ingajwayelekile, angase acele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze athole ukuthi unesifo yini. Akekho othanda ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ikakhulukazi uma kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi eziningi zilandelana. Kodwa-ke, kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga akho e-electrolyte ahlelekile.

Uma unemibuzo mayelana nemiphumela, ungesabi ukubuza udokotela wakho. Bakhona ukuzokusiza.

Okokugcina, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu ngokuhlolwa kwe-Anion Gap. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule:

• I-Anion Gap iyisibalo esibalulekile: inikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nebhalansi ye-acid-base yegazi lakho.
• Inani eliphezulu noma eliphansi aliyona ingozi ngaso sonke isikhathi: Ungakhathazeki ngokushintsha okungazelelwe kwenani embikweni wakho. Kungaba nezinye izizathu zalokho.
• Udokotela wakho ungumahluleli ongcono kakhulu: Udokotela wakho kuphela ongacabangela isimo sakho sempilo esiphelele, enze ezinye izivivinyo uma kudingeka, futhi achaze imiphumela.
• Buza imibuzo: Uma kukhona into ongayiqondi, ungayigcini kuwe, kodwa buza udokotela wakho.

Khumbula: Awukwazi ukuthola isifo ngokubheka inombolo embikweni. Ngakho-ke, themba udokotela wakho bese ulandela iseluleko sakhe. Khona-ke ungahlala uphilile!

Isikhala se - Anion, Ukuhlolwa Kwegazi, i-Acidosis, i-Alkalosis, ama-Electrolyte, i-Acidity yeGazi