Wake wazibuza ukuthi singakuzwa kanjani ukulunywa umiyane, noma ukuthi singashukumisa kanjani izingalo zethu noma sikhulume? Ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu kunenethiwekhi emangalisayo yezithunywa emizimbeni yethu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngaleyo "mizwa" noma ngesiSinhala, imizwa. Lezi zifana nezintambo ezithwala ugesi.

Ziyini ngempela "izinzwa"?

Kalula nje, imizwa ifana nohlelo lwezintambo zikagesi ezingaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Lezi zintambo yizo ezithumela imizwelo kagesi isuka ebuchosheni bakho iye kuwo wonke umzimba wakho, bese ibuyela ebuchosheni bakho. Cabanga ngakho, imizwa ikusiza uzizwe okuthile (isib., othile uthinta isandla sakho), ushukumise imisipha yakho (isib., uphakamise ingalo yakho), njalo njalo. Zisiza futhi ukulawula imisebenzi yokuzimela esingaqapheli ukuthi sinayo.

Lezi 'zinzwa' zakhiwe ngamaseli akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi 'ama-neurons' . Lezi 'zinzwa' zitholakala kuyo yonke imizimba yethu, ikakhulukazi ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni. Odokotela bavame ukusebenzisa igama elithi 'izinzwa' lapho bekhuluma ngesimiso sezinzwa esingaphandle kobuchopho bakho nasemgogodleni. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi 'uhlelo lwezinzwa olungaphandle' . Ubuchopho bakho nomgogodla ndawonye kwakha 'uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi' . Ngakho-ke lapho lezi ezimbili zihlangana, uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa oluphelele luyakhiwa.

Zikhona yini izinhlobo zemizwa? Ziyini?

Yebo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili 'zezinzwa'. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.

Kwenzekani ezinzwa?

Lezi zinzwa zifana nezinhloli emzimbeni wakho. Ziqoqa ulwazi oluvela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba wakho (njengesikhumba sakho, amehlo, izindlebe, ikhala, ulimi) - okungukuthi, ukuthinta, ukunambitha, ukuhogela, ukubona, ukuzwa - bese luyisa ebuchosheni bakho. Cabanga nje, umiyane ukuluma isandla sakho, uyasizwa ngenxa yalezi zinzwa . Lowo myalezo uhamba ngokushesha uye ebuchosheni bakho.

Kwenzekani ezinzwa zemisipha?

Lezi zinzwa zifana namasosha alandela imiyalo evela ebuchosheni bakho. Athatha imiyalezo evela ebuchosheni bakho (isib. 'phakamisa ingalo yakho', 'nyakazisa umlenze wakho') bese eyithumela emisipheni nasezindlala zakho. Yilapho-ke ongakwazi khona ukunyakaza nokwenza izinto ezahlukene. Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukumamatheka, umyalezo ovela ebuchosheni bakho udlula kulezi zinzwa zomzimba uye emisipheni ebusweni bakho, okuyikho okubangela lokho kumamatheka.

Kunezinye izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezinzwa...

Kanye nemisebenzi yezinzwa kanye neyokunyakaza okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla, izinzwa zingahlukaniswa zibe ezinye izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe endleleni ezihlukana ngayo ebuchosheni bethu kanye nasentanjeni yomgogodla.

Ziyini Izinzwa Zekhanda?

Lezi zingezakho ngqo.Imizwa eqala ebuchosheni bese idlulela ngaphandle. Kunezimbili zalezi zinzwa, uma kukhulunywa ngqo. Zidlulela kakhulu ebusweni bakho, ekhanda, nasentanyeni. Lezi 'zinzwa ze-cranial' zinekhono lokwenza imisebenzi yezinzwa (isb., iphunga, ukubona, ukunambitha), imisebenzi ye-motor (isb., ukunyakaza kwamehlo, ukubonakaliswa kobuso), noma kokubili. Isibonelo, 'izinzwa ze-cranial' ezikusiza ukuthi uphakamise amashiya akho uma umangala, futhi 'izinzwa ze-cranial' ezikusiza ukuthi unuke.

Ziyini Izinzwa Zomgogodla?

Lezi zinzwa ziqala emgogodleni wakho. Kunezimbili zezinzwa ezingu -31 eziphuma emgogodleni wakho ziye emgogodleni wakho. Lezi zinzwa zomgogodla zingenza imisebenzi yezinzwa, imisebenzi yokunyakaza, noma kokubili. Isibonelo, uma uzizwa ungenamizwa noma ubuhlungu ezithweni zakho, lezi zinzwa zithwala umyalezo ziye emgogodleni. Futhi, ezinye zezinzwa ozenzayo ngaphandle kokuqaphela, njengokususa isandla sakho ngokushesha uma uthinta into eshisayo, zilawulwa yilezi zinzwa zomgogodla.

Yiziphi izinzuzo lezi zinzwa emizimbeni yethu?

Manje ungase ucabange, 'Kulungile, kunezinhlobo zezinzwa, kodwa zisenzelani thina?' Eqinisweni, ngaphandle kwalezi zithunywa ezibizwa ngokuthi 'izinzwa', besingeke sikwazi ukwenza lutho. Bheka nje ukuthi zingaki izinto ezizilawulayo:

• Ukunyakaza ngokuzithandela: Lezi zinzwa zilawula yonke intshukumo esiyenzayo ngamabomu, njengokuphakamisa izingalo zethu, ukuhambisa imilenze yethu, ukuhamba, nokukhuluma.
• Ukuzwa zonke izinzwa:
• Ukuthinta - umuzwa wokuthintwa othile noma umoya.
• Ubuhlungu - Umuzwa owutholayo uma ulimele noma ushayiswe ndawana thize.
• Ukuzizwa ushisa noma ubanda.
• Ukuzwa ukudlidliza.
• Ukuzwa.
• Umuzwa wokulinganisela - kukusiza ukuthi ugweme ukuwa ngenkathi uhamba.
• Umuzwa wokunambitha.
• Inzwa yokuhogela.
• Ukubona.

Konke lokhu kudluliselwa ebuchosheni bethu 'yimizwa'.

• Ukulawula umfutho wegazi.
• Ukulawula ukuphefumula.
• Ukulawula ukugaya ukudla.
• Ukulawulwa kwesilinganiso senhliziyo.
• Impendulo yokucindezeleka: Ukulungisa umzimba njengokungathi usesimeni esiphuthumayo.

Izinzwa zisebenza kanjani nezinye izingxenye zesimiso sethu sezinzwa?

Kulungile, ake sibone manje, lezi 'zinzwa' azisebenzi zodwa. Zenza konke lokhu kanye nalo lonke uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa. Kwenzeka kanjani lokho?

Ngishilo ngaphambili ukuthi kunezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa:

1.Uhlelo Lwezinzwa Oluhamba Ngaphakathi (i-PNS): Lolu uhlelo lwezinzwa oluhamba emzimbeni wonke. Lufana nemigwaqo edlula ezweni. Le migwaqo (izinzwa) iqoqa imiyalezo (imizwa) evela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba bese iyiletha emgwaqweni omkhulu, umgogodla.

2. 'Uhlelo Lwezinzwa Oluphakathi' (Uhlelo Lwezinzwa Oluphakathi - CNS): Lesi yisikhungo sethu sokulawula. Okungukuthi, ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla . Yilolu 'hlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi' oluthola yonke imiyalezo evela 'ohlelweni lwezinzwa olungaphandle', luyiqonde, bese lunquma 'ukuthi yini okufanele yenziwe ngokulandelayo?'. Bese lezo zinqumo zibuyela ezindaweni ezifanele 'ngezinzwa'.

Cabanga ngalokhu. Uthola iva libhajwe emlenzeni wakho. Umlayezo wobuhlungu uthunyelwa yizinzwa ezisemlenzeni wakho (ingxenye ye-PNS) ziye emgogodleni wakho (ingxenye ye-CNS). Kusukela emgogodleni, umyalezo uya ebuchosheni bakho (enye ingxenye ye-CNS). Ubuchopho buyaqonda ukuthi, "O, iva libhajwe kimi, liyabuhlungu." Bese ubuchopho buthumela umlayezo emuva ngemizwa iye emisipheni yakho yemilenze, buyitshela ukuthi "susa umlenze wakho." Bese ususa umlenze wakho. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngokuphazima kweso!

Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimpendulo zenzeka njengezenzo ezibonisa ukusabela , okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba sicabange ngakho, ezingeni eliphansi lokuqwashisa. Isibonelo isenzo esishiwo ngaphambilini sokuhoxisa isandla somuntu kokuthile okushisayo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba umyalezo ufike ebuchosheni, lapho umgogodla wenza khona isinqumo bese usifeza. Lokhu kusenza sikwazi ukuphunyuka ngokushesha ekulimaleni.

Kwenzekani ngaphakathi kwemizwa lapho kuthunyelwa umlayezo?

Lokhu kushintshana kwemiyalezo akuvele kwenzeke nje. Kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kodwa emangalisayo. Ake sibheke ukuthi kwenzekani lapho umfutho kagesi uhamba ngemizwa:

1. Okokuqala, lesi siginali sikagesi sihamba engxenyeni ende efana nentambo yenzwa ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-axon' . Cabanga ngayo njengogesi ogeleza ngentambo.

2. Uma ifika ekugcineni kwenzwa, ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-axon hillock' , lesi siginali kagesi siba isiginali yamakhemikhali .

3. Ngemuva kwalokho, lesi siginali samakhemikhali sibangela ukukhishwa kwezithunywa zamakhemikhali ezikhethekile ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-neurotransmitters . Lawa akhishwa kusuka ku-neuron eyodwa (iseli lemizwa) aye esikhaleni esincane phakathi kwe-neuron elandelayo noma umsipha. Lesi sikhala sibizwa ngokuthi i-synapse . Sifana nebhuloho.

4. Lezo zinhlayiya 'ze-neurotransmitter' ezikhishwe ziya futhi zinamathele 'kuma-receptor' akhethekile 'ku-neuron' noma emisipheni elandelayo. Njengoba nje ukhiye ungena kukhiye.

5. Ngalesi sixhumanisi, leso siginali yamakhemikhali siba isiginali kagesi futhi.

6. Bese lesi siginali sikagesi esisha sihamba ngaleyo 'neuron' yesibili.

7. Ngale ndlela, le nqubo iyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho umyalezo ufinyelela ekuhlosweni kwawo - okungukuthi, indawo efana nobuchopho, umsipha, noma indlala.

Cabanga ukuthi konke lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha kangakanani! Izigidi zemiyalezo enjalo zidluliselwa emizimbeni yethu ngesikhashana nje.

Zikuphi lezi zinzwa emzimbeni wethu?

Eqinisweni, imizwa ikhona yonke indawo emizimbeni yethu! Njengoba nje imithambo yegazi ikhona yonke indawo. Imizwa eminingi iqala emgogodleni wethu. Eminye iqala ngqo ebuchosheni. Bese isakazeka emzimbeni wonke.

Nazi ezinye zezindawo eziyinhloko 'zezinzwa':

• Ezandleni: Imizwa isuka ehlombe lakho iye ezinzwaneni zakho. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-Ulnar nerve , i-Median nerve , kanye ne-Radial nerve . Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ushaywa endololwaneni, kuba sengathi ugesi udlula esandleni sakho ngoba i-Ulnar nerve icindezelwe.
• Isifuba nesisu: Le ndawo iqukethe imizwa ebalulekile, njenge -phrenic nerve , esiza ekuphefumuleni, kanye ne-vagus nerve, ehilelekile ekusebenzeni kwezitho eziningi zangaphakathi.
• Ubuso: Imizwa efana ne-facial nerve, ekusiza ukuthi umomotheke, ukhulume, futhi uvale amehlo akho, i-trigeminal nerve , eletha imizwa ebusweni , kanye ne-optic nerve , ethwala lokho okubonayo uye ebuchosheni, itholakala ebusweni.
• Emilenzeni: Kunezinzwa eziningi ezilawula imizwa nokunyakaza emilenzeni. Kulezi, kungenzeka ukuthi wake wezwa nge -sciatic nerve . Lona yi-nerve ende kakhulu futhi enkulu kunazo zonke emzimbeni. Uma le nzwa icindezelwa, ibangela i-sciatica. Kukhona nezinye izinzwa emilenzeni, njenge -femoral nerve kanye ne-tibial nerve .
• I-pelvis: Le ndawo iqukethe imizwa ehlobene nomsebenzi kanye nomuzwa wezitho zomzimba, isibonelo , i-pudendal nerve .

Kalula nje, le nethiwekhi 'yezinzwa' isuka eziqongweni zeminwe yakho iye phezulu ekhanda lakho.

Isakhiwo somthambo sakhiwa kanjani?

Kulungile, ake sibheke ukuthi yini engaphakathi 'kwe-nerve' nokuthi yenziwa kanjani. 'I-nerve' ifana nekhebula elikhulu elinezintambo eziningi ezincane ngaphakathi kwalo.

Kunezingxenye eziningana eziyinhloko ze-nerve:

• Ama-Axon: Lawa amaqoqo ezintambo afana nentambo phakathi kwenzwa. Ayindlela eyinhloko yokuhambisa imiyalezo.
• Ama-dendrite: Lezi yizingxenye ezihlanganisa i-neuron ezithola imiyalezo kagesi evela kwamanye ama-neurons.
• I-Endoneurium: Lolu ungqimba lwezicubu ezixhumeneyo oluzungeze i-axon.
• I-Perineurium:Ungqimba lwezicubu ezixhumeneyo ezizungeze izinqwaba ezincane (ama-fascicle) olwakhiwe ngokuhlangana kwama-axon amaningana.
• I-Epineurium: Lolu ungqimba olungaphandle lwezicubu ezixhumanisayo olumboza yonke inzwa, njenge-sheath yepulasitiki engaphandle kwekhebula.

Kukhona enye into ebaluleke kakhulu, ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-Myelin Sheath' . Kukhona uhlobo lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi 'ama-Oligodendrocyte' azungeze 'ama-axon' 'emizwa' ngaphakathi kobuchopho bakho, kanye nohlobo lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi 'amaseli eSchwann' azungeze 'ama-axon' 'emizwa' ngaphandle kobuchopho kanye nomgogodla (CNS).

Womabili ama-oligodendrocyte namaseli eSchwann aqukethe into enamafutha ebizwa ngokuthi i-myelin. Le myelin yakha igobolondo elinezingqimba eziningi elizungeze i-axon, elibizwa ngokuthi igobolondo le-myelin. Lokhu kufana nokufakwa kwe-insulation okuzungeze intambo kagesi. Le gobolondo le-myelin yilokho okuvumela imiyalezo kagesi ukuthi ihambe ngokushesha kakhulu nge-nerve. Cabanga nje, uma le gobolondo le-myelin lonakele, njengoba nje ukufakwa kwe-insulation kuntambo kuvuza, imizwa ayikwazi ukuthumela imiyalezo ngokushesha. Ngezinye izikhathi, imiyalezo ingayeka ukuthunyelwa ngokuphelele.

Zikhona yini izifo ezithinta imizwa?

Yebo, ngeshwa, imizwa yethu ebaluleke kakhulu ingathinteka nezifo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokuphazamiseka. Lapho imizwa yonakele, noma lapho ukudluliselwa kwemiyalezo ngayo kuphazamiseka, izimo ezahlukahlukene zemizwa zingavela.

Nazi ezinye izimo ezivamile ezithinta imizwa:

• I-Peripheral Neuropathy: Lokhu kubhekisela ekulimaleni kwemizwa engaphandle kobuchopho bakho kanye nomgogodla. Lokhu kungaba nezimbangela eziningi. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sikashukela . Izimpawu zifaka phakathi ukungazweli, ukuqaqamba, ubuhlungu, kanye nobuthakathaka ezithweni.
• I-Sciatica: Ngike ngakhuluma ngalokhu kancane ngaphambili. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kukhona ingcindezi noma ukucindezeleka ezimpandeni zemizwa emhlane wakho ongezansi, noma emsipheni we-sciatic ogeleza emilenzeni yakho. Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu kanye nokungazweli okuvela emhlane wakho kuye emilenzeni yakho.

Kunezinye izimo eziningi ezinjengalezi ezingathinta imizwa, ngakho-ke uma uzwa ubuhlungu obungavamile, ubuthakathaka, noma izinguquko ekuzweleni, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela.

Yini esingayenza ukuze sigcine izinzwa zethu ziphilile?

Izinzwa zethu zifana nomthombo oyigugu. Ngakho-ke kungumthwalo wethu ukuzigcina ziphilile futhi ziphilile. Ukuze senze kanjalo, kunemikhuba elula, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu esingayilandela:

• Gwema ukubhema, noma uma ubhema, yeka: Ukubhema kuyingozi kakhulu hhayi kuphela ezinzwa, kodwa nasemzimbeni wonke.
• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukudla ukudla okucebile okusanhlamvu okuphelele, amafutha anempilo, amaprotheni angenamafutha amaningi, izithelo nemifino. Lokhu kunikeza ukudla okunomsoco okudingekayo ezinzwa.
• Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala: Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile kungalimaza imizwa.
• Lawula izimo zezokwelapha ezingathinta imizwa: Isibonelo, uma unesifo esifana ne -Diabetes Mellitus , ukusilawula kahle kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvikela imizwa yakho.
• Nciphisa ukucindezeleka: Ukucindezeleka kwesikhathi eside akukuhle ezinzwa. Zama ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka ngezinto ezifana nokuzindla nokuzivocavoca.
• Lala kahle: Ukulala kahle okungenani amahora angu-7-8 ubusuku ngabunye kubaluleke kakhulu kuwo wonke umzimba, kuhlanganise nezinzwa.
• Phuza amanzi anele: Ukugcina umzimba umanzi futhi kusiza ukugcina imizwa iphilile.

Ukulandela le mikhuba kuzokusiza ukuthi ungagcini nje kuphela ngezinzwa zakho, kodwa futhi nohlelo lwakho lonke lwezinzwa luphilile.

Yini enye ongayibuza udokotela wakho mayelana nezinzwa?

Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka ngemizwa yakho, noma uma unezimpawu ezingavamile, kufanele nakanjani ubone udokotela. Uma wenza kanjalo, ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• 'Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi nginobuhlungu bemizwa?'
• 'Yisiphi isizathu esingaba khona sokuba ngibe nalolu hlobo lobuhlungu bemizwa?'
• 'Yiziphi izivivinyo engingazithatha ukuze ngihlole impilo yezinzwa zami?'
• 'Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha engingazisebenzisa ukuze ngithuthukise impilo yesimiso sami sezinzwa?'
• 'Ngingazivimbela kanjani lezi zinkinga 'zezinzwa' ukuthi zingaphinde zenzeke?'

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuza imibuzo efana nalena nokuqonda kahle isimo sakho.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngakho-ke sesikhulume kakhulu ngemizwa namuhla. Okokugcina, into ebaluleke kakhulu okudingeka uyikhumbule ukuthi imizwa iyisimiso esimangalisayo nesiyinkimbinkimbi esihamba emizimbeni yethu yonke, kusukela ekhanda kuya ozwaneni ukuze kube nembile.

Lezi 'zinzwa' zixhumanisa ubuchopho bethu, umgogodla, nazo zonke ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wethu. Yingakho singazizwa, sinyakaze, sicabange, futhi sikhulume. Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa lezi 'zinzwa' zilawula nezinto 'ezizenzakalelayo' esizenzayo singazi, njengokuphefumula nokugaya ukudla.

Ngakho-ke, kukuwe ukugcina uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa oluyigugu luphilile. Ukulandela imikhuba yezempilo engikhulume ngayo ekuqaleni (ukudla kahle, ukuzivocavoca, ukulala ngokwanele, nokungabhemi) kuzonikeza lonke uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa amandla. Uma unenkinga, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela. Khona-ke ungaphila impilo enempilo nejabulisayo!

` Imizwa, ubuchopho, umgogodla, isimiso sezinzwa, imizwa, ukunyakaza