Amandla amakhulu angaphakathi kwamakhanda ethu: Konke mayelana nobuchopho! (Ubuchopho)

Sawubona! Unjani? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngesinye sezitho ezimangalisayo nezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Leso ubuchopho bethu. Bufana nekhompyutha enkulu emzimbeni wethu. Konke esikwenzayo, esikushoyo, esikucabangayo, imizwa yethu, izinkumbulo, kulawula konke lokhu. Cabanga nje, ufunda lokhu njengamanje ngenxa yobuchopho bakho!

Pho-ke buyini lobu buchopho? (`Ubuchopho`)

Kalula nje, ubuchopho bakho buyisitho esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nesinamandla. Izinto ozibona ngezinzwa zakho ezinhlanu (ukubona, ukuzwa, ukuhogela, ukunambitha, ukuthinta), imizwa yakho (njengokudabuka, injabulo, intukuthelo), imicabango yakho, izinkumbulo zakho, indlela ohamba ngayo, indlela okhuluma ngayo, ukuziphatha kwakho... konke lokhu kulawulwa futhi kulawulwa ubuchopho.

Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa futhi kunakekela izinto ongaziqapheli. Cabanga ngakho, ukuphefumula kwakho, izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho, ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho... Akudingeki ucabange ngalezi zinto. Ziyenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo . Konke lokho kwenziwa ubuchopho bethu. Eqinisweni, okwenza ube yilokho oyikho, uhluke kwabanye, futhi ukhethekile kungenxa yala makhono amangalisayo asebuchosheni bakho.

Ubuchopho bakho bunezingxenye eziningi ezahlukene, kodwa ezixhumene. Lolu hlelo lusebenza ngokuthumela imiyalezo phakathi kwamangqamuzana amancane abizwa ngokuthi ama-neurons . Le miyalezo yilokho ubuchopho obukuqondayo, okuhunyushwa kube incazelo emizimbeni yethu, futhi okusivumela ukuthi sisebenze kahle.

Ubuchopho bakho buxhunywe emgogodleni wakho. Ndawonye, ​​lezi zibili zakha uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa oluphakathi (i-CNS) .

Yimiphi imisebenzi eyinhloko yobuchopho?

Manje, bheka ukuthi zingaki izinto ezenziwa ubuchopho bethu. Nazi ezinye zezinto eziyinhloko:

• Ukulawula izinto esingazi ngisho nokuthi siyazenza: izinto ezifana nokuphefumula, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, ukulala, izinga lokushisa lomzimba.
• Ukuqala 'impendulo yokulwa noma yokubaleka' noma 'impendulo yokucindezeleka' , okusisiza ukuba sisinde uma kwenzeka ingozi engazelelwe.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ezinye izitho zomzimba wethu zisebenza kahle.
• Ukulawula izinkumbulo zethu kanye nemizwa yethu.
• Ukunyakaza kwethu ('Umsebenzi Wezinzwa'), ibhalansi yomzimba, kanye nokuxhumana kahle kwezinzwa.
• Ukucubungula imizwa evela ezinzwa ezinhlanu (ukubona, ukuzwa, ukuhogela, ukuthinta, ukunambitha).
• Ukukhuluma nokuqonda ulimi.
• Ukucabanga nokwenza izinqumo.

Kalula nje, umsebenzi wobuchopho ukuthumela, ukwamukela, nokucubungula izimpawu ezihamba emuva naphambili ohlelweni lwethu lwezinzwa oluphakathi. Lezi zimpawu ziyimiyalezo yolwazi evela ezinzwa zethu ezinhlanu. Ubuchopho buphinde bubone izimpawu ezivela ngaphakathi emzimbeni, njengobuhlungu, izinga lokushisa lomzimba, kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Yilolu lwazi ubuchopho obuluchazayo futhi lunikeze incazelo ezintweni ezenzekayo ezisizungezile.

Ubuchopho bethu buyeka nini ukukhula?

Ubuwazi ukuthi ubuchopho bethu bukhula kakhulu kusukela ngosuku esizalwa ngalo kuze kube yilapho sisebancane? Kodwa-ke, kuthatha isikhathi ukuthi ubuchopho bukhule ngokugcwele. Le nqubo ayenzeki uze ube neminyaka ephakathi kuya kwengu-20 .

Enye yezingxenye zokugcina zobuchopho ukukhula nokuvuthwa yi -prefrontal cortex . Le ngxenye iyona ekusizayo ukwenza izinqumo, ukubeka imisebenzi phambili, nokulawula imizwa yakho. Ngakho-ke lokhu kungaba esinye sezizathu ezenza ngezinye izikhathi ube nenkinga yokwenza izinqumo eziphuthumayo nokulawula imizwa yakho usemusha. Ngoba leyo ngxenye ayikakakulungeli kahle.

Yiziphi izingxenye eziyinhloko zobuchopho?

Kunezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko zobuchopho bethu. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.

1. Ubuchopho (`Ubuchopho`):

• Lena yingxenye enkulu yobuchopho. Ifana nengxenye enkulu kakhulu yethanga.
• Lona umuntu oqonda ulwazi oluvela ezinzwa zakho ezinhlanu.
• Futhi, i-cerebellum ilawula izinto esizenzayo ngezingqondo zethu, njengokukhuluma, inkumbulo, ukuziphatha, ubuntu, ukunyakaza, ukucabanga, kanye nokwahlulela.
• Ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: ingxenye yesobunxele kanye nendawo yesokudla . La ma-hemisphere amabili axhunywe yibhuloho elenziwe ngezinqwaba zemicu yezinzwa (ezakhiwe ngezinto ezimhlophe) elibizwa ngokuthi i-corpus callosum .

2. I -Cerebellum:

• Lokhu kutholakala ngemuva kobuchopho, kuzungeze isiqu sobuchopho. Kubunjwe njengesiyingi esincane, esiyingxenye.
• Inesibopho sokugcina ibhalansi yakho, ukuma, ukuhambisana, kanye namakhono akho okunyakaza (njengokuchofoza inkinobho noma ukubhala). Cabanga ngayo njengaleyo ekusiza ukulinganisela lapho ugibela ibhayisikili.

3. I-Brainstem:

• Lokhu kutholakala phansi kobuchopho, njengepayipi elixhumanisa lonke ubuchopho nomgogodla.
• Ilawula imisebenzi eminingi ezenzakalelayo yomzimba wethu. Lezi yizinto esingazenzi ngamabomu. Isibonelo, izinto ezifana nokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukuphefumula, umjikelezo wokulala nokuvuka, kanye nokugwinya.

Akumangalisi yini? Lezi zingxenye ezintathu zisebenza ndawonye ukulawula umzimba wethu wonke.

Ubuchopho buvikelwa kanjani?

Ubuchopho bethu buyisitho esiyigugu kakhulu nesibucayi, ngakho-ke sidinga ukuvikelwa kahle.

Ubuchopho bakho buzungezwe isakhiwo samathambo esibizwa ngokuthi i-cranium . Lokhu kuyingxenye yogebhezi lwakho. Ubuchopho buntanta oketshezini olubizwa ngokuthi i-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) . Amathambo ogebhezi kanye ne-CSF ndawonye avikela ubuchopho ekulimaleni. Kufana nesigqoko!

Akukhona lokho kuphela, kodwa phakathi kobuchopho bakho nogebhezi lwakho, kunezingqimba ezintathu zezicubu ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-meninges :

• Isikhathi eside:Lolu ungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu. Lumboza ugebhezi lwakho.
• Ulwelwesi lwe-Arachnoid: Lolu ungqimba oluphakathi. Luyisicubu esincane esimboza ubuchopho bonke.
• I-Pia mater: Lolu ungqimba olungaphakathi kakhulu. Luqukethe imithambo yegazi eholela ebusweni bobuchopho.

Kunezinzwa zekhanda eziyi-12 ebuchosheni bakho. Izinzwa zithwala imiyalezo phakathi kobuchopho, izitho zomzimba, kanye nemisipha ngokuthumela imizwa kagesi. Lena yindlela ulwazi oluvela emzimbeni wakho oluhamba ngayo ngemizwa luye ebuchosheni, kanti imiyalezo evela ebuchosheni iya kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

Ezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zobuchopho

Ngaphezu kwezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko, ubuchopho bunezinye izingxenye eziningi ezibaluleke kakhulu, ezincane ezenza imisebenzi ekhethekile. Ake sibheke ezimbalwa zazo.

• I-Amygdala: Lokhu kuyingxenye yesistimu yakho ye-limbic . Itholakala kuma-lobes esikhashana . Kusiza ekulawuleni imizwa yakho, ikakhulukazi ukwesaba.
• I-Basal ganglia: Lezi yizakhiwo ezingaphakathi kobuchopho ezilawula ukunyakaza kwakho.
• I-Hippocampus: Lesi isakhiwo esincane ku-cerebral cortex. Sinesibopho senkumbulo yakho nokufunda kwakho. Sibaluleke kakhulu ekukhumbuleni izinto ezintsha.
• I-Thalamus: Itholakala ngaphezu kwesiqu sobuchopho, lokhu kufana 'nebhodi lokushintsha' lesimiso sakho sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Idlulisela ulwazi lwezinzwa oluvela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba luye ku-cortex yobuchopho.
• I-Hypothalamus: I-hypothalamus, etholakala ngaphansi kobuchopho, ilawula ama-hormone kanye nemisebenzi yokuzimela (njengokulamba nokoma).
• Indlala ye-pituitary: Indlala ye-pituitary, etholakala ngaphansi kwe-hypothalamus, ilawula ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone. Nakuba incane kakhulu, yenza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile.
• I-pineal gland: Le gland, etholakala ngemuva kwe-corpus callosum, ilawula imijikelezo yakho yokulala nokuvuka.

Cabanga ukuthi zonke lezi zingxenye ezincane ziyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani uma zihlanganiswa!

Ziyini izingqimba zobuchopho?

Sixoxe ngaphambilini ngokuthi ubuchopho buhlukaniswe ngama-hemispheres amabili (izinhlangothi). Ohlangothini ngalunye, kunezingqimba ezine (ama-lobes) . Ngayinye yazo inomsebenzi ohlukile.

• I-lobe yangaphambili:
• Lokhu kusengxenyeni engaphambili yobuchopho bakho, ngemuva kwebunzi. Lena yi-lobe enkulu kunazo zonke.
• Ilawula izinto eziningi, njengezinyathelo zethu zokuzithandela, ukuqonda umphakathi, ukucabanga, nokufunda. Iphinde ibe nesibopho sezinto ezifana nokwenza izinqumo nokuhlela.

• I-occipital lobe:
• Lokhu kusemuva kobuchopho.
• Le ngxenye yobuchopho ikusiza ukuthi ucubungule futhi uqonde ulwazi olubonakalayo (lokho okubonayo) oluvela emehlweni akho.

• I-lobe ye-parietal:
• Le ngxenye yobuchopho, etholakala phezulu nangemuva kobuchopho, ithola futhi ihumushe izimpawu ezivela kwezinye izingxenye zobuchopho, ikunike ukuqonda okukuzungezile kanye nesimo somzimba wakho. Iphinde ibe nesibopho sokuzwa izinto ezifana nokuthinta, ubuhlungu, kanye nokushisa.

• I-lobe yesikhashana:
• Le ngxenye yobuchopho bakho, etholakala ezinhlangothini zekhanda lakho, eduze kwezindlebe zakho, ikusiza ukuthi uthole izinkumbulo, uqonde ulimi, futhi uhumushe imizwa. Futhi yilapho ucubungula khona lokho okuzwayo.

Bheka ukuthi iqembu ngalinye lenza kanjani umsebenzi okhethekile. Konke lokhu kusebenza ndawonye yikho okusenza sibe 'yithi'.

Kuyini 'into empunga nemhlophe' ebuchosheni?

Cishe uke wezwa 'ngento empunga' yobuchopho kanye 'nento emhlophe.' Lezi yizinhlobo ezimbili zezicubu ebuchosheni. Ziqanjwe ngombala wazo kanye nomsebenzi wazo.

• Okumpunga:
• Lena yingxenye emnyama, engaphandle yobuchopho (ebizwa nangokuthi i-cerebral cortex ).
• Le nto empunga ikusiza ngemisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke, njengokulawula imisipha, ukusebenzisa izinzwa zakho, ukukhumbula izinto, ukuzwa imizwa, nokukhuluma.

• Okumhlophe:
• Lokhu kungaphansi kwento empunga, ngombala okhanyayo.
• Lokhu okwenzayo ukuthumela izimpawu ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zesimiso sakho sezinzwa ukuze kukusize usebenze kahle.

Kalula nje, uma into empunga ifana nekhompyutha, into emhlophe ifana nezintambo ezikuleyo khompyutha. Enye ayikwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kwenye.

Mangaki amangqamuzana esinawo ebuchosheni bethu?

Kuthiwa kunamaseli ezinzwa angaba yizigidigidi ezingu-86 ('ama-Neuron') ebuchosheni bomuntu! Futhi, kunenani elilinganayo lamaseli angewona ama-neuron abizwa ngokuthi 'amaseli e-Glial' .

• Ama-Neuron: Lawa ngamaseli athumela futhi amukele izimpawu zikagesi nezamakhemikhali, njengezintambo ezithwala ulwazi ebuchosheni.
• Amaseli e-Glial: Lawa asiza ekulondolozeni ubuchopho, enze i-myelin ( into enamafutha, evikelayo entweni emhlophe), futhi ahlinzeke ngokudla kobuchopho. Afana nabasizi bamangqamuzana ezinzwa.

Inani elimangalisayo lamaseli, akunjalo?

Ubuchopho bomuntu bunesisindo esingakanani?

Ingqondo yomuntu omdala inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-1.4 . Lapho sizalwa, inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-1.4. Ikhula ibe ngamakhilogremu angu-2 ngesikhathi sobuntwana. Isisindo sobuchopho bakho singahluka kancane kuye ngobulili bakho kanye nosayizi womzimba wakho.

Yiziphi izifo ezingathinta ubuchopho?

Njengoba wazi, ubuchopho bethu bunesibopho cishe kukho konke esikwenzayo. Ngakho-ke, izifo ezithinta ubuchopho zivame kakhulu. Lezi zifo zingahluka ngobukhulu nangobunzima. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Isifo sika-Alzheimer kanye ne-dementia
• I-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
• Isifo Sokuphazamiseka Kwe-Autism (ASD)
• Ukopha kobuchopho
• Isimila sobuchopho
• Ukuxhuzula ( isimo esenzeka lapho ikhanda lishaywa)
• Ukucindezeleka
• Isifo Sokuxhuzula
• I-Multiple Sclerosis (`I-Multiple Sclerosis` - `I-MS`)
• Isifo sikaParkinson
• Isifo sohlangothi
• Ukulimala Kobuchopho Obubuhlungu (i-TBI)

Ezinye zalezi zimo ziba khona lapho uzalwa, kanti ezinye zikhula kamuva ekuphileni. Izimpawu ziyahlukahluka. Zingathinta izinto eziningi ezibalulekile, okuhlanganisa impilo yakho yengqondo, ukunyakaza, inkumbulo, ukucabanga kanye nenkulumo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ubona noma yini engavamile noma engajwayelekile ebuchosheni bakho. Uma uyiqaphela kusenesikhathi, izinto eziningi zingalawulwa futhi ziphathwe.

Sigcina kanjani ubuchopho bethu buphilile?

Cishe uyaqonda ukuthi ubuchopho bethu buyisitho esibalulekile nesibalulekile kangakanani. Buhlala busebenza, ngisho nalapho silele! Njengoba ufunda lokhu, ubuchopho bakho bunakekela konke okunye emzimbeni wakho: uyaphefumula, amehlo akho ayacwayiza, futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nokukukhumbuza ukuthi ulambile!

Ngakho-ke, ukugcina lobu buchopho buphilile, obuhlala busebenza ukugcina umzimba wethu wonke usebenza kahle, kubaluleke kakhulu. Kunezinto ezimbalwa ongazenza ukuze wenze lokho:

• Hlangana nabangani, yiba nobudlelwano nabantu: Ukukhuluma nabantu nokuhleka kuyimbangela enhle yobuchopho.
• Xazulula amaphazili, vivinya ubuchopho bakho: Izinto ezifana namagama anqamulelayo, iSudoku, nokufunda okuthile okusha kusiza ukugcina amangqamuzana akho obuchopho esebenza.
• Zindla ukuze unciphise ukucindezeleka: Ukucindezeleka ngokweqile akukuhle ebuchosheni. Thulisa ingqondo yakho ngezinto ezifana nokuzindla nokuzivocavoca ngokuphefumula.
• Yidla ukudla okunomsoco: Yidla ukudla okunempilo engqondweni njengemifino, izithelo, inhlanzi namantongomane.
• Ukuzivocavoca njalo: Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwegazi ebuchosheni.
• Lala ngokwanele: Kungesikhathi sokulala lapho ubuchopho buzilungisa khona futhi bugcine izinkumbulo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulala kahle ebusuku.

Ekugcineni, yini okufanele uyikhumbule! (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ubuchopho bethu buyinto emangalisayo ngempela. Yibo obusenza sibe yilokho esiyikho. Bulawula yonke imicabango, imizwa, kanye nesenzo esisithathayo.

Uma unenkinga ngempilo yobuchopho bakho, noma uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu zesifo esihlobene nobuchopho (isib. isiyezi esivamile, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ubunzima bokukhuluma), sicela ubone udokotela.Ungakhathazeki, kunezindlela zokwelapha izinto eziningi uma uziqaphela kusenesikhathi.

Nakekela kahle ubuchopho bakho! Kuyimpahla yakho eyigugu kakhulu.

Ubuchopho , isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, umsebenzi wobuchopho, i-cerebellum, i-cerebellum, isiqu sobuchopho, amaseli ezinzwa, impilo yobuchopho