Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ukhathele noma ukhathele? Noma wake wacelwa udokotela ukuthi abeke i-stethoscope esifubeni sakho bese ethi, "Mmm... Ngizwa umsindo ongajwayelekile (ukububula) uvela enhliziyweni yakho"? Imbangela yalokhu kungaba ushintsho oluncane enhliziyweni yakho owazalwa nalo. Ungakhathazeki, namuhla sikhuluma ngesimo esivamile esibizwa ngokuthi i-Bicuspid Aortic Valve.
Kalula nje, iyini le Bicuspid Aortic Valve?
Kulungile, ake sikuqonde lokhu ngale ndlela. Kunezivimbi ezine eziyinhloko enhliziyweni yethu. Lezi zifana namasango avuleka ohlangothini olulodwa kuphela. Kulawa, elithumela igazi ku-aorta, umthambo wegazi oyinhloko othwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo lisuka enhliziyweni liye emzimbeni wonke, libizwa ngokuthi i-aortic valve. Ngokuvamile, kumuntu ophilile, le-aortic valve inamavimbi amathathu amancane (ama-cusps noma amapheshana). Lawa mavimbi amathathu avuleka futhi avalwe ngendlela ehlelekile kakhulu ukulawula ukugeleza kwegazi. Kodwa-ke, kumuntu onesifo esibizwa ngokuthi
i-bicuspid aortic valve, le-valve
inamavimbi amabili esikhundleni samathathu . Lesi yisimo sokuzalwa. Ngakho-ke, njengoba kunezivimbi ezimbili kuphela, le-valve ingaba nobunzima bokuvula nokuvala kahle. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezimbili eziyinhloko: 1.
I-Aortic Stenosis (ukuncishiswa kwe-valve): Ngenxa yokuthi i-valve ayivuli kahle, kunesikhala esincane nje senhliziyo sokupompa igazi liye emzimbeni. Lokhu kwenza inhliziyo isebenze kanzima. 2.
Ukubuyela emuva kwe-Aortic (ukugeleza kwegazi emuva): Ngenxa yokuthi i-valve ayivali kahle, elinye igazi elimpontshelwa emzimbeni livuza libuyele enhliziyweni. Ungase ungabi nazimpawu iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kucindezeleka okwengeziwe kungabangela izinkinga enhliziyweni yakho.
Sibi kangakanani lesi simo?
Akuwona wonke umuntu one-Bicuspid Aortic Valve ozoba nezinkinga ezinkulu. Kodwa cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabathathu uzoba nezinkinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Yingakho
kubalulekile ukuhlolwa njalo nokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha uma udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi unalesi simo. Akuyona into engavamile njengoba ungase ucabange. Sithinta u-1% kuya ku-2% wabantu bomhlaba. Sivame kabili kwabesilisa kunabesifazane. Abantu abanezimo ezithile zofuzo, njenge-Turner syndrome, nabo basengozini enkulu. Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi ngobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha obuthuthukisiwe banamuhla, ungasibona lesi simo kanye nezinguquko zaso ezicashile ngaphambi kokuthi uqaphele izimpawu. Futhi ngokwelashwa okufanele, ungaphila impilo egcwele, enempilo, nende.
Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?
Abantu abaningi abanazo izimpawu iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umsebenzi we-valve uwohloka, izimpawu ziqala ukuvela. Ezinganeni ezincane nasezinsaneni, uma isimo sibi kakhulu, izimpawu ezifana nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/okhanyayo wesikhumba (`
cyanosis` ) kanye nobunzima bokudla noma ukukhuluphala kungase kuvele ngemuva nje kokuzalwa. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ezibonakala kubantu abadala yilezi:
| Isibonakaliso | Incazelo |
|---|
| Ukukhathala | Lolu uphawu oluvame kakhulu: ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu ngisho nangemva kokwenza umsebenzi omncane. |
| Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki | Umuzwa wokucindezeleka obangelwa yinhliziyo okumele isebenze kanzima. |
| Ukuzizwa unesizungu noma ukuphelelwa yithemba . | Kungenzeka uma ubuchopho bungatholi igazi elanele. |
| Ukushaya kwenhliziyo (ukuzwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngokushesha) | Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile noma okusheshayo. |
| Ukuphelelwa umoya | Ukuphelelwa umoya, ikakhulukazi lapho uzivocavoca noma uhamba. |
Ungazama into encane. Qhathanisa inani lomsebenzi ongawenza ngosuku lwanamuhla nenani lomsebenzi owawenza ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule. Ingabe uzizwa ukhathele ngokushesha manje? Ingabe udinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokuphumula? Uma kunjalo, lokho kungaba uphawu lokuthi inhliziyo yakho isebenza kanzima. Khuluma nodokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izinguquko ezinjengalezi.
Kubangelwa yini lokhu? Ingabe kuyifa?
Imbangela eqondile yale 'valvu ye-Aortic' ayikatholakali. Lokhu kuyinto eyenzekayo lapho inhliziyo yengane iqala ukukhula ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Lesi simo
singangena emindenini ngezinga elithile (eliyifa) . Okusho ukuthi, uma othile emndenini wakho oseduze (umama, ubaba, umfowabo, ingane) enalesi simo, nawe ungaba nengozi ethile. Ngakho-ke, uma noma ubani emndenini wakho enalolu hlobo lwesifo sevalvu yenhliziyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshela udokotela wakho ngaso. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma efuna, ungahlolwa futhi.
Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona uma zingelashwa?
Uma kungelashwa ngesikhathi, kungaba nezinkinga ezinkulu.
- Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo: Ukuncipha kwevalvu (i-stenosis) kubangela ukuthi inhliziyo isebenze kanzima. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi imisipha yenhliziyo iqine futhi ikhule, ekugcineni ingakwazi ukupompa igazi kahle. Izinto ezifana nokubhema kanye ne-cholesterol ephezulu zingasheshisa le nqubo.
- Ukuqhekeka nokuqhekeka kwe-Aortic aneurysm : Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabathathu one-bicuspid aortic valve usengozini ye-aorta, umthambo omkhulu ngaphezu kwe-valve, ovuleka. Njengebhaluni elifuthwa kakhulu, izindonga zalo mthambo wegazi ziyabuthaka bese ziqala ukukhukhumala. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-aortic aneurysm. Uma iba nkulu kakhulu, ingaqhuma ngokuzumayo (iqhume) noma idabuke (iqhume). Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo esisongela ukuphila esidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo .
Lesi sifo sitholakala kanjani?
Ngokuvamile, udokotela uzoqala asole ukububula kwenhliziyo lapho ezwa umsindo ongavamile ('ukububula kwenhliziyo') ngenkathi elalele isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope. Ngemva kwalokho, udokotela wakho uzoyala ukuhlolwa okuningana okukhethekile ukuze abheke isakhiwo kanye nokusebenza kwenhliziyo yakho. Ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko yile:
- I-Echocardiogram (echo): Lokhu ukuskena kwenhliziyo nge-ultrasound. Kungabona ngokucacile inani lamapheshana ku-valve, ukuthi asebenza kanjani, nokuthi kukhona yini ukuvuza noma ukuncipha.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Lokhu kungaveza izithombe zenhliziyo ne-aorta ezinezilinganiso ezintathu.
- I-MRI Yenhliziyo (I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Lokhu kuhlolwa kusetshenziselwa ukuthola izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi zenhliziyo nama-valve.
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha?
Nakuba eminye imithi, njenge-beta-blockers, ingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu, ayikwazi ukwelapha ngokuphelele inkinga ye-valve. Cishe abantu abane kwabahlanu abane-Bicuspid Aortic Valve bazodinga ukuhlinzwa ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo. Ukuhlinzwa
kungalungisa i-valve yakho noma
kuyishintshe ngentsha. Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizoxoxa nawe ngokwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe, ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho, ubudala, kanye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlinzwa ngesikhathi esifanele ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo ongapheli enhliziyweni. Ngisho noma ungenazo izimpawu, udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuhlinzwa ukuze kuvinjelwe izinkinga zesikhathi esizayo.
Izinhlobo zokuhlinzwa
Ukulungiswa Kwevalvu Ye-Aortic
| Uhlobo lokuhlinzwa | Incazelo |
|---|
| Indlela | Ngaphandle kokususa ivalvu yakho, ungayishintsha bese uyilungisa ukuze i-flap ivale kahle. Lokhu kuvame ukufaneleka ezimweni lapho kuvuza khona igazi (`regurgitation`). |
| Indlela | Ivalvu eyonakele kakhulu futhi ayikwazi ukulungiswa iyasuswa bese ithathelwa indawo yivalvu entsha. |
| Izinhlobo ezintsha zama-valve | - Ama-valve ezinto eziphilayo: Lawa ama-valve enziwe ngezicubu zenhliziyo yengulube noma yenkomo. Ahlala iminyaka eyi-10-15. Kungase kudingeke ukuhlinzwa kabusha. Asikho isidingo sokuqhubeka nokuthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi .
- I-valve yemishini: Lawa ama-valve ensimbi okwenziwa. Ahlala impilo yonke. Kodwa-ke, kuzodingeka uthathe imithi yokunciphisa igazi impilo yakho yonke ukuze uvimbele ukuqhekeka kwegazi.
|
Kulezi zinsuku, esikhundleni sokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo okujwayelekile, kunezindlela zesimanje ezifana nokuhlinzwa okuncane okungavamile kanye ne-TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement), ethatha indawo yevalvu ngomthambo wegazi. Lezi zindlela zinezikhathi zokululama ezimfushane.
Kunjani ukululama kanye nekusasa?
Abantu abangu-98% abahlinzwa nge-valve bayalulama ngempumelelo, futhi isikhathi sabo sokuphila asithinteki. Lokhu kusho ukuthi
noma unesifo se-Bicuspid Aortic Valve, ngokwelashwa okufanele kanye nokuqashwa kwezokwelapha, ungaphila impilo ende nenempilo njenganoma ubani omunye. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuya emihlanganweni yakho yokulandelela ejwayelekile nodokotela wakho. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ngokuvamile udinga ukuya kohlolwa okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
Kunini lapho udinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela ngokuphuthumayo? (Kunini lapho kufanele uye e-ETU)
Izimpawu zokuqhuma kwe-aneurysm ziyingozi kakhulu. Uma uhlangabezana nesinye noma ngaphezulu kwalezi zimpawu,
shayela u-911 ngokushesha ukuze uthole i-ambulensi noma uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.- Ubuhlungu obungazelelwe, obubukhali, obudabukisayo esifubeni noma emhlane.
- Isikhumba esinamathelayo nesijulukayo.
- Isiyezi.
- Ukuquleka.
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
- Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumula.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Bicuspid Aortic Valve yisifo senhliziyo esizalwa naso esingavamile njengoba ungase ucabange. Kulesi simo, i-valve eyinhloko yenhliziyo inamapheshana amabili esikhundleni samathathu.
- Abantu abaningi ababi nazo izimpawu iminyaka eminingi. Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise ukukhathala, isicanucanu kanye nobuhlungu besifuba.
- Lesi simo singabangela ukucinana kwevalvu (stenosis) noma ukuvuza kwegazi (ukuphindaphinda kwegazi).
- Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha (ikakhulukazi i-echocardiogram) kubalulekile. Lokhu kungasiza ekuboneni izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zidale ukulimala kwenhliziyo.
- Kukhona ukwelashwa kokuhlinzwa okuphumelelayo. Ngokwelashwa okufanele, ungaphila impilo enempilo nende ngokuphelele.
- Uma kukhona emndenini wakho onalesi simo, yazisa udokotela wakho ngaso.
I-Bicuspid Aortic Valve, Isifo Se-Heart Valve, I-Aortic Stenosis, Ukuvuselelwa Kwe-Aortic, Ukuhlinzwa Kwenhliziyo, Ubuhlungu Besifuba, Ukuphelelwa Ukuphefumula
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