Ubuwazi lezi zinto nge-plasma egazini lakho? Ake sixoxe!

Wake wazibuza ukuthi igazi lakho lenziwe ngani ngempela? Sonke sizwile ngamaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet. Kodwa bewazi ukuthi ingxenye engaphezu kwengxenye yegazi lethu inguketshezi? Leyo ngxenye yoketshezi ibizwa ngokuthi i-plasma . Yilokhu okuthwala wonke lawo maseli emzimbeni. Kufana nokuthi isikebhe asikwazi ukuhamba ngaphandle kwamanzi.

Ngakho-ke, iyini le plasma?

Kalula nje, i-plasma yingxenye ewuketshezi yegazi lethu. Cabanga ukuthi igazi lethu lifana nesobho elenziwe ngezinto ezahlukene, kanti i-plasma yingxenye ewuketshezi yalelo sobho. Lokhu kwenza cishe u-55% womthamo wegazi lethu lonke. Amanye amangqamuzana egazi - okungukuthi, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, nama-platelet - axutshwe kule plasma. I-plasma yiyo ethwala wonke lawa maseli kuwo wonke amagumbi omzimba.

Manje bheka ukuthi le plasma iquketheni. Uzomangala!

• Amanzi yiwona atholakala kakhulu - cishe angu-92%.
• Okulandelayo amaprotheni - cishe angu-7%. Phakathi kwalawa kukhona amaprotheni abaluleke kakhulu njenge-antibodies, izici zokuqina kwamangqamuzana, i-albumin, kanye ne-fibrinogen.
• Elinye i -1% ama-hormone, amavithamini, usawoti, ama-enzyme, kanye nezinye izinto eziningi ezibalulekile.

Ungacabanga ukuthi kungakanani izinto ezingaphakathi kwaleli thonsi elincane loketshezi?

Iyiphi inkonzo enikezwa yi-plasma emizimbeni yethu? Kungani ibaluleke kangaka?

I-Plasma ayilona nje ingcosana yamanzi. Yenza okuningi okuhle emizimbeni yethu. I-Plasma ibalulekile kithi ukuze siphile. Bheka ukuthi yenzani:

• Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi athuthelwa emaphashini: Yilapho amangqamuzana abomvu angamukela khona umoya-mpilo futhi akhiphe i-carbon dioxide. Njengetekisi.
• Igcina umfutho wegazi: Yilokhu okugcina imithambo yegazi ivulekile futhi ukujikeleza kwegazi kuhamba kahle. Uma umfutho wegazi wehla, kuyinkinga enkulu.
• Amanzi, ama-hormone, izakhamzimba, ama-electrolyte, namaprotheni kusatshalaliswa lapho kudingeka khona: yonke ingxenye yomzimba ayikwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwalezi zinto.
• Kusiza ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa lomzimba: Kungenxa yezinto ezinjengalezi ukuthi sihlale sisezingeni lokushisa elifanayo.
• Ithwala amangqamuzana omzimba: Njengonogada wamaphoyisa. Uma kukhona ukutheleleka noma igciwane endaweni ethile, yi-plasma ethwala lawa maseli ukuze alwe nalo.
• Ihlinzeka ngamaprotheni adingekayo ekuvuvukeni, ekujiyeni kwegazi, nasekupholiseni amanxeba: Uma uthola isilonda noma ukulimala, la maprotheni asiza ekumiseni ukopha futhi aphulukise inxeba.
• Imfucuza engafuneki ithwalwa iye esibindini noma ezinso: yilapho le mfucuza isuswa khona emzimbeni. Njengeloli likadoti.

Cabanga ngakho, i-plasma ifana nomfula. Konke okuthwalwa kuyo kufana nezikebhe. Manje, uma izinga lamanzi kulo mfula lehla, okungukuthi, uma inani le-plasma lehla, lezo zikebhe - okungukuthi, izinto ezibalulekile - ngeke zikwazi ukuya ezindaweni okudingeka ziye kuzo. Yilapho izinkinga ziqala khona.

I-plasma yakhiwa kanjani? Ivelaphi le plasma?

I-plasma ayiveli emthonjeni owodwa. Yenziwe ngamanzi esiwaphuzayo, ukudla esikudlayo, kanye nama-electrolyte esiwamunca ohlelweni lwethu lokugaya ukudla. Kodwa-ke, amanye amaprotheni abalulekile akha i-plasma avela ezithweni ezithile zomzimba. Isibonelo:

• Umnkantsha wakho wethambo
• Amaseli egazi amadala, afayo
• Isibindi
• Ubende

I-plasma yakheka lapho la maprotheni ehlangana noketshezi oluqukethe ama-electrolyte.

I-plasma inombala onjani? Ibukeka kanjani?

Uma sihlukanisa i-plasma kumaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet, ibonakala njengoketshezi oluphuzi olukhanyayo, olunombala wotshani .

Kodwa-ke, uma unesifo esithile, singashintsha ukwakheka kwe-plasma yakho futhi sibangele ukuthi ishintshe umbala. Isibonelo:

• Uma amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi ewohloka (lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hemolysis) , i-plasma ingase ibe pinki.
• Uma amazinga akho e-bilirubin ephakanyisiwe ngenxa yesifo sesibindi, okubangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-jaundice , i-plasma ingase ibe nombala oluhlaza okotshani.

Ingakanani iphesenti legazi lethu eliyi-plasma?

Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe u-55% wegazi lethu uyi-plasma. Kodwa-ke, leli nani lingahluka kancane kuye ngobulili bakho noma yiziphi izimo zezokwelapha ongase ube nazo.

I-plasma ihlukaniswa kanjani egazini?

Kukhona idivayisi ekhethekile engahlukanisa izingxenye zegazi, okuhlanganisa ne-plasma. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-centrifuge . Lo mshini ujikeleza ithubhu yokuhlola egcwele igazi ngokushesha okukhulu. Bese kuthi, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi asindayo acwila phansi kwethubhu yokuhlola. Ama-platelet namaseli amhlophe egazi ahlala phezu kwawo njengengqimba emhlophe. Ngaphezu kwaleyo ngqimba emhlophe kukhona i-plasma.

Yimaphi amaprotheni ayinhloko aqukethwe ku-plasma?

I-plasma iqukethe amaprotheni amaningana abaluleke kakhulu. Ake sibheke ukuthi ayini:

I-Albumin

Le phrotheni isiza ukugcina ibhalansi phakathi kwenani loketshezi ngaphakathi kwamaseli ethu kanye nenani loketshezi olungaphandle kwamaseli, olubizwa ngokuthi i-plasma. Yingakho i-plasma ingaphumi nje emithanjeni yegazi iye kwezinye izicubu. Isebenza njengesiponji, imunca amanzi.

I-Fibrinogen

Lena iphrotheni ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma sithola isilonda noma kuphi emzimbeni wethu, sidinga igazi ukuze lijiye ukuze kumiswe ukuphuma kwegazi. Le fibrinogen isiza ekujiyeni kwegazi bese inxeba liphola bese lenza izicubu noma isibazi esivamile.

Ama-Globulin

Leli qembu lamaprotheni nalo libaluleke kakhulu. Lawa ma-globulin asiza ekulweni nokutheleleka, ukuhambisa izinto egazini, nokusiza ekuqhekekeni kwegazi. Yilapho kutholakala khona ama-antibodies esiwaziyo sonke.

Amanye amaprotheni omzimba nawokuthutha

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamaprotheni. Asiza ekuvikeleni imizimba yethu, ekulungiseni umonakalo, nasekuthutheni izakhamzimba noma ezinye izinto ezibalulekile ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba.

Ingabe abanikeli be-plasma bahlolwa izifo ezithelelanayo?

Yebo, impela! Uma umuntu enikela nge-plasma, leyo plasma iyahlolwa izifo ezahlukahlukene ngaphambi kokuba inikezwe abanye. Isibonelo:

• I-Hepatitis (zonke izinhlobo)
• I-HIV
• I-Syphilis

Ukuhlolwa okunjengalokhu yikho okwenza ukumpontshelwa nge-plasma kuphephe.

Yiziphi izifo noma izimo ezithinta i-plasma?

Ngeshwa, kunezifo eziningi kanye nezimo zempilo ezingathinta i-plasma yethu. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:

• Izifo ezibangelwa ukukhubazeka ekusebenzeni kwamaprotheni, isibonelo i-amyloidosis .
• Izifo zegazi, isibonelo i-hemophilia , isifo se-von Willebrand , noma ukuntuleka kwezinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi.
• Ukuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba kubangelwa ukuntuleka kwamaprotheni anele omzimba egazini.
• Izifo ezifana ne-myeloma . Lokhu kuthinta umongo wamathambo futhi kuphazamise ukwakheka kwegazi.

Yiziphi izimpawu zenkinga ehlobene ne-plasma?

Uma kunenkinga nge-plasma yakho, kungase kube nezimpawu ezithile ezibonisa lokho. Qaphela izinto ezifana nalezi:

• Ubuhlungu emathanjeni.
• Ukuphuka noma ukopha kalula. Khathazeka uma uphenduka ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngisho noma uthinta kancane, noma uma izinsini zakho ziphuma igazi uma uxubha amazinyo akho.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile (arrhythmias).
• Ukugula okuvamile ngenxa yobuthakathaka besimiso somzimba sokuzivikela.

Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, kungcono ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezenziwayo ukuhlola impilo ye-plasma yami?

Kungenziwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuningana ukuhlola i-plasma yakho ukuze kutholakale izimpawu zesimo sempilo. Ezinye zalezi zimpawu zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwevolumu yegazi
• Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wethambo
• Inani legazi eliphelele (i-FBC/i-CBC)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-Hematocrit

Udokotela uzonquma ukuthi yikuphi kwalokhu kuhlolwa okudingayo.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zezifo ezihlobene ne-plasma?

Ukwelashwa kwezifo ezihlobene ne-plasma kuncike kakhulu ohlotsheni lwesifo. Nazi ezinye izibonelo zezinketho zokwelapha:

• Ama-antibiotic okutheleleka.
• Ukumpontshelwa igazi ngenxa ye-anemia noma ezinye izinkinga.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokufakelwa kwamaseli okuqala omdlavuza.
• I-plasma yokuguquka (lokhu kwasetshenziswa nangesikhathi se-Covid, ungase ukhumbule) ukuhlinzeka ngama-antibodies engeziwe okulwa nokutheleleka.
• Ukufakwa kwesisombululo se-electrolyte (njengokunikeza usawoti) kokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma ezinye izimo.
• Ukufakwa kwe-plasma kusetshenziselwa ukufaka esikhundleni se-plasma elahlekile, ukwandisa umfutho wegazi, nokuvimbela ukushaqeka.
• I-Plasmapheresis noma ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma inqubo yokususa okuthile ku-plasma noma ukufaka i-plasma esikhundleni sayo ngokuphelele.
• Imijovo ye-plasma (PRP) ecebile ngama-platelet isetshenziselwa ukulimala noma izifo ezithile.
• Ama-steroid ezimweni zokuvuvukala.

Nginikela kanjani nge-plasma?

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokunikela nge-plasma:

1. Ukunikela ngegazi eliphelele: Isisebenzi sezempilo sifaka inaliti emthanjeni osengalweni yakho bese sikhipha igazi. I-plasma bese ihlukaniswa njengoba kudingeka elabhorethri.

2. Ukunikela nge-plasma kuphela: Lokhu kufana nokunikela ngegazi eliphelele. Ngemva kwenqubo yokuhlola, umhlinzeki wezempilo uzofaka inalithi eyodwa emthanjeni osengalweni yakho. I-plasma ibe isihlukaniswa nge-centrifuge, bese amaseli egazi asele nama-platelet kubuyiselwa kuwe ngenalithi efanayo.

Ngemva kokuba i-plasma isiqoqiwe emzimbeni wakho, i-plasma enikelwe iyaqandiswa zingakapheli amahora angama-24. Lokhu kulondoloza izici zokuqina kwegazi kanye nama-immunoglobulins. I-plasma eqandisiwe ingagcinwa cishe unyaka.

I-plasma evela kubantu abanohlobo lwegazi lwe-AB iyona efaneleka kakhulu. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi i-plasma ayinawo ama-antibodies. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-plasma inganikezwa umuntu onanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi. Kodwa-ke, noma ubani anganikela nge-plasma futhi asize abanye.

Kwenzekani nge-plasma enikelwe?

I-plasma enikelwe inezinzuzo eziningi. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• I-plasma ifakwa kumuntu odinga i-plasma eyengeziwe ngenxa yokusha, ukushaqeka, izingozi, noma ezinye izimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha.
• Isetshenziselwa ucwaningo lwesayensi ukukhiqiza imithi.
• Amaprotheni okujiya kwegazi asetshenziselwa ukulawula ukopha.
• Amaprotheni omzimba angasiza ezintweni ezifana nokwelashwa komdlavuza, i-chickenpox, isimungumungwane, ugoqo, ukuntuleka kwamasosha omzimba, isifo sezinso, i-hepatitis B, izifo zobuchopho, kanye nokufakelwa umnkantsha wamathambo.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

I-plasma ikakhulukazi ingamanzi, kodwa iyisici esibalulekile emizimbeni yethu. Yilokho okuvumela igazi lethu ukuthi ligeleze njengoketshezi futhi lithwale konke okudingwa amangqamuzana ethu ukuze asinde. Futhi, unganikela ngakho ukuze kuzuze abanye.

Izinkinga ezihlobene ne-plasma zingatholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwempilo kwaminyaka yonke. Ngokuvamile, lezi zivivinyo zingabona izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba ube nezimpawu.

Uma unemibuzo mayelana nokuthi i-plasma yakho iyithinta kanjani impilo yakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Angakutshela okwengeziwe futhi akusize wenze izinqumo zezempilo ezingase zithinte i-plasma yakho. Hlala uphilile!

I- Plasma, igazi, igazi, impilo, izifo, amaprotheni, umnikelo