Ake sifunde ngamandla obuchopho bakho: i-cerebral cortex.

Wake wazibuza ukuthi ubuchopho bakho buyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela emangalisayo kangakanani? Indlela esikhuluma ngayo, indlela esifunda ngayo izinto ezintsha, indlela esikhumbula ngayo izinto ezindala, indlela esihleka ngayo, esikhala ngayo, nesenza ngayo izinqumo, konke lokhu kusekelwe ubuchopho bethu. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yobuchopho, leyo esebenza njenge-`(CPU)` yekhompyutha - i-cerebral cortex , noma njengoba sisho ngesiNgisi, i-`(Cerebral Cortex)`.

Iyini i-cerebral cortex?

Kalula nje, ubuchopho bakho bunesendlalelo sezicubu esibizwa ngokuthi i-cerebral cortex, okuwungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu lobuchopho. Kufana nokumboza nxazonke. Wake wazibona izithombe zobuchopho obunemibimbi? Leyo mibimbi iku-cerebral cortex. Le mibimbi yiyo evumela ulwazi oluningi ukuthi lucutshungulwe endaweni encane. Cabanga ngendwangu enkulu egoqwe ebhokisini elincane. Le mibimbi inemifantu ejulile ebizwa ngokuthi i-sulci, kanye nemigqa ephakanyisiwe ebizwa ngokuthi i-gyri. Lokhu kwandisa indawo engaphezulu kwe-cerebral cortex, okuvumela amangqamuzana amaningi ezinzwa ukuthi asebenze. Ubuwazi ukuthi i-cerebral cortex yakha cishe ingxenye yesisindo sobuchopho bakho bonke!

Le ngxenye yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuthi i-cerebral cortex inezendlalelo eziyisithupha 'zamaseli ezinzwa'. Cabanga nje, kunezinzwa eziphakathi kwezigidigidi eziyi-14 neziyi-16 kule ndawo encane. Futhi ingamamilimitha amabili kuya kwamane kuphela (mm 2-4). Lokho kusho ukuthi ifana ne-membrane encane kakhulu.

I-cortex yethu yobuchopho ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezine eziyinhloko, noma izifunda . Lezi yizi:

1. I-lobe yangaphambili

2. I -Parietal Lobe

3. I-Lobe Yesikhashana

4. I-Occipital Lobe

Isifunda ngasinye senza umsebenzi ohlukile. Ngokuvamile, i-cerebral cortex inesibopho sezinqubo eziningi zengqondo zomuntu ezisezingeni eliphezulu . Isibonelo, izinto ezifana nolimi, inkumbulo, ukucabanga, ukucabanga, ukufunda, ukwenza izinqumo, imizwa, ukuhlakanipha, kanye nobuntu.

Kungani le cortex yobuchopho ibizwa ngokuthi "into engwevu"?

Cishe uke wezwa ngobuchopho obuhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili, "into empunga" kanye "nento emhlophe." Ingqimba yangaphandle yobuchopho, ebizwa ngokuthi i-cerebral cortex, ingeyomuntu ompunga . Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi le ngxenye iqukethe imizimba yamaseli amangqamuzana ezinzwa kanye nezingxenye ezibizwa ngokuthi "ama-dendrite." "Ama-dendrite" yizingxenye ezifana nefayibha ezisiza iseli lezinzwa ukuthi lithole imiyalezo yamakhemikhali evela kwelinye iseli. Lezi zingxenye zamaseli ezinzwa zimpunga ngoba azinawo amafutha ambozwe ngokuthi "i-myelin."

Bese kuba indaba emhlopheKuyini "i-White Matter"? Yakhiwe izingxenye ezinde, ezifana nenduku zamangqamuzana ezinzwa abizwa ngokuthi "ama-Axon." Eduze kwalawa "ma-axon" kukhona "i-Myelin" eshiwo ngaphambilini, isembozo esimhlophe esinamafutha. Leyo "Myelin" yiyo enikeza lezo zicubu umbala wazo omhlophe.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-cerebral cortex kanye ne-cerebrum?

Lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, kodwa kulula. I-cerebrum yingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke yobuchopho bakho. Ingqimba engaphandle ye-cerebrum ibizwa ngokuthi i-cerebral cortex . Ifana nesikhumba sesithelo.

Ubuchopho buhlukanisa ubuchopho bethu bube yizingxenye ezimbili, kwesokudla nakwesobunxele. Lezi zingxenye ezimbili zixhunywe yinqwaba yezintambo zezinzwa ezibizwa ngokuthi i-corpus callosum. Le corpus callosum ivumela lezi zingxenye ezimbili ukuthi zixhumane.

Iyini le ngqondo entsha (i-Neocortex)?

Iningi le-cerebral cortex yethu lingelalobu buchopho obusha obubizwa ngokuthi ``Neocortex''. Igama elithi "Neo" lisho "okusha". Libizwa ngokuthi ngoba le ngxenye yavela muva nje ekuguqukeni kwezilwane ezinomgogodla. Lobu buchopho obusha bakha u-90% we-cerebral cortex yomuntu.

Yimaphi amandla amakhulu e-cerebral cortex yethu? (Umsebenzi)

Sesishilo kakade ukuthi i-cerebral cortex ihilelekile ezinqubweni eziningi zengqondo zethu ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Izinto ezifana nokucabanga, imizwa, imicabango, inkumbulo, ulimi, kanye nokuqonda. Manje ake sibheke ukuthi kwenzekani kuzo zonke lezi zindawo ezine eziyinhloko ze-cerebral cortex.

1. Umphathi ongaphambili: I-Frontal Lobe

Lokhu kutholakala ngaphambili kobuchopho bakho, ngemuva kwebunzi. Kusebenza njengomphathi ehhovisi. Nazi ezinye izinto ibunzi elisiza ngazo:

• Ukwenza izinqumo, ukuxazulula izinkinga.
• Imicabango eqondayo. (Izinto esizicabangayo ngokuqonda)
• Ukunaka.
• Ukulawula imizwa nokuziphatha.
• Ukukhiqizwa kwenkulumo. (Ukwakha amagama esiwakhulumayo)
• Ubuntu. (Izici zethu)
• Ubuhlakani.
• Ukunyakaza komzimba.

Kunezinye izindawo eziningana ezikhethekile kuleli khanda:

• I-Motor Cortex : Yilapho imiyalezo ithunyelwa khona ukuhambisa imisipha emzimbeni wethu.
• I-Prefrontal Cortex: Yilokhu okulawula lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "imisebenzi yokuphatha." Okusho ukuthi, izinto ezifana nokucabanga, ukuhlela, kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga. Isebenza njengomphathi oqondisa ezinye izingxenye zobuchopho.
• Indawo kaBroca : Le ndawo isisiza ukuhlanganisa amagama kahle futhi sakhe imisho lapho sikhuluma.

2. Uchwepheshe Wokubona: I-Occipital Lobe

Lokhu kutholakala ngemuva kobuchopho. Njengoba igama lisho, umsebenzi walo oyinhlokoUkulawula izinto ezihlobene nombono.

• Ukucubungula nokuqonda ulwazi olubonakalayo. (Ukuqonda lokho esikubonayo ngamehlo ethu)
• Ukuqoqa idatha ebonakalayo njengombala, ukunyakaza, kanye nokuqondiswa.
• Ukuqashelwa kwezinto nobuso.
• Ukuqonda ukujula kanye nebanga.
• Ukwakha umhlaba esiwubona ebuchosheni bethu njengemephu.

3. Uchwepheshe wezinzwa nendawo: I-Parietal Lobe

Itholakala phakathi kwe-frontal lobe kanye ne-occipital lobe, ngaphezu kwe-concha lobe. Umsebenzi wayo ukwenza lokhu:

• Icubungula ulwazi lwezinzwa njengokuthinta, ingcindezi, ubuhlungu, isikhundla, ukudlidliza, kanye nokushisa.
• Ukucubungula indawo kanye nokuphathwa kwendawo. Okusho ukuthi, ukunikeza ukuqonda okunezinhlangothi ezintathu kokuthi ukuphi nendawo okuzungezile. Isibonelo, le ngxenye ikusiza ukuthi udlule ezinkingeni ezisekhaya lakho ngaphandle kokukhubeka, noma uma uhamba emgwaqweni.

Indawo ekhethekile kule ndawo eseceleni yi -cortex ye-somatosensory . Yilapho sithola khona imizwa (imizwa) evela kuyo yonke imizimba yethu.

Cabanga ngalesi simo: Uthatha indebe yesobho elishisayo etafuleni lasekhishini ukuze uphuze.

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* I-motor cortex ese- frontal lobe yakho yiyo etshela imisipha esandleni sakho neminwe ukuthi "ithathe indebe."

* Uma uthinta indebe, i-cortex yakho ye-somatosensory ku- parietal lobe yakho ihlola izinto ezifana nokushisa kwayo nokuthi kufanele uyibambe kanzima kangakanani.

* Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amakhono okucubungula indawo endizeni eseceleni akuvumela ukuthi ulinganise ngokunembile ibanga lendebe uma liqhathaniswa netafula nezinye izinto, futhi uyibambe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yilutho.

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Uke wakubona yini ukuthi kumangalisa kangakanani ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye yobuchopho isebenza ndawonye?

4. Umlaleli kanye noMgcini Wememori: I-Temporal Lobe

Lokhu kutholakala phakathi kwe-frontal lobe kanye ne-parietal lobe, ngaphansi kwe-lateral lobe. Kufana nokuba kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zendlebe. Umsebenzi wayo ukwenza lokhu:

• Ukuqonda ulimi, ukwakheka kwamagama, ukufunda.
• Inkumbulo (ikakhulukazi ukukhumbula izinto ezintsha)
• Ukuzwa. (Ukuqaphela umsindo)
• Ukuqonda ukuxhumana okungenazwi (isib., ukubonakaliswa kobuso, ithoni yezwi)
• Ukuguqula imisindo ibe yizithombe ezibonakalayo.

Indawo ebalulekile kulolu hlu lwe-concha yi-Wernicke's Area . Le ndawo isisiza ukuqonda ulimi ngokusekelwe kuthoni nomsindo wezwi lomuntu lapho ekhuluma, futhi isisiza futhi ukuthi sihlobanise imisindo naleyo efundwe ngaphambilini.

Enye indlela yokukubheka: izindawo ezisebenzayo

Abanye ososayensi babheka ubuchopho ngenye indlela. Bahlukanisa izindawo ze-cerebral cortex zibe izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe emisebenzini yazo: izindawo zokuzwa, izindawo zokunyakaza, kanye nezindawo zokuxhumanisa.

1. Izindawo Zokuzwa

Lezi zindawo zithola ulwazi lwezinzwa ezivela ezinzwa zethu kanye nendawo esizungezile.

• Ukuqonda ulwazi olubonakalayo nokubona izinto. (Lokhu kwenziwa yi- visual cortex ku-parietal lobe.)
• Ukwamukela ulwazi oluvela emzimbeni njengokuthinta, izinga lokushisa, isikhundla, ukudlidliza, ingcindezi, kanye nobuhlungu. (Lokhu kwenziwa yi -cortex ye-somatosensory e-lateral plane.)
• Ukucutshungulwa kolwazi lokuzwa. (Lokhu kwenziwa yi-cortex yokuzwa ku-cochlea.)
• Ukubona ukunambitha. (Lokhu kwenziwa yi -gustatory cortex ku-lobe yangaphambili.)

2. Izindawo Zezimoto

Lezi zindawo zihilelekile ekunyakazeni kwethu kwemisipha ngokuzithandela, okulawulwa kakhulu yi-frontal lobe.

• Ukuhlanganiswa kokunyakaza kwemisipha.
• Ukuhlela ukunyakaza okuyinkimbinkimbi.
• Ukufunda ngokulingisa nozwela.

3. Izindawo Zokuxhumana

Lezi zindawo zisakazeke kuzo zonke izifunda ezine. Zixhumanisa ulwazi oluvela ezindaweni zezinzwa kanye nezindawo zokunyakaza, okubangela izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

• Ukuhlela ulwazi oluvela ezindaweni zezinzwa kanye nezindawo zokunyakaza bese lunikeza incazelo.
• Ukulawula ubuntu nokuziphatha ngokomzwelo.
• Ukuqwashisa ngendawo kanye nokucabanga.
• Ukucubungula inkumbulo.
• Ukucabanga ngokubona nokugcina izinkumbulo ezibonakalayo.
• Ukwakha ngolwazi olubonakalayo, izinkumbulo, imisindo, kanye nolimi.

I-cortex yobuchopho ingonakala kanjani?

Indawo ebaluleke kangaka ingonakala ngezizathu ezahlukene. Isibonelo:

• Izimila zobuchopho
• Ukulimala okukhulu ekhanda (Ukuhlukumezeka)
• Ezinye izifo ezizimele
• Ingozi yemithambo yegazi (okungukuthi, ukuphuma kwegazi ebuchosheni noma "i-Stroke")

Yiziphi izimpawu ezingaba khona uma i-cerebral cortex yonakele?

Lokhu kuncike ekutheni iyiphi ingxenye ye-cerebral cortex eyonakele .

Uma i-lobe yangaphambili yonakele:

• Izinkinga zememori.
• Izinguquko zobuntu.
• Ubunzima bokuxazulula izinkinga nokwenza izinqumo.
• Izinkinga zokunaka.
• Ubuthakathaka ekulawuleni ngokomzwelo, ukuziphatha okungekuhle emphakathini, kanye nezinguquko ezindleleni zokuziphatha.
• Ukungakwazi ukuqonda noma ukuveza inkulumo (i-Aphasia).
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma (i-Apraxia).
• Ubuthakathaka, ukukhubazeka, ukulahlekelwa ukulawula imisipha kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba (i-Flaccid Hemiplegia).
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo ezifana ne-dementia nazo zingabangela umonakalo ku-frontal lobe.

Uma i-lobe ye-parietal yonakele:

• Izinkinga ngokwakhiwa kwenkumbulo.
• Ubunzima noma ukungakwazi ukubhala (i-Agraphia).
• Ubunzima bokuxazulula izinkinga zezibalo.
• Ukuba ndikindiki.
• Ukudideka.
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kokuxhumana kwesandla neso.
• Ukungakwazi ukubona izinto ngokuthinta zodwa (i-Astereognosis).
• Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa.
• Izinkinga zokukhuluma `(Aphasia)`.
• Ubunzima bokunyakaza `(Apraxia)`.

Uma i-lobe yesikhashana yonakele:

• Ubunzima bokuzwa.
• Izinkinga zememori.
• Ubunzima bokubona ubuso nezinto.
• Ukukhubazeka kolimi (isib., i-Wernicke's Aphasia - ubunzima bokuqonda ulimi).
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo ezinjengokuquleka kwesifo sokuwa, i-developmental dyslexia, kanye nesifo i-Alzheimer nazo zingalimaza i-concha.

Uma i-occipital lobe yonakele:

• Ubunzima bokubona izinto eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa.
• Ubunzima bokubona izinto ngokubona.
• Ukungaboni umbala.
• Ukuphupha izinto ezingekho engqondweni okuhilela umbono.
• Uyimpumputhe ngokuphelele.

Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kuyinkimbinkimbi kuwe, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi lolu lwazi. Ngoba uma kunjalo singayinakekela kangcono impilo yethu, ikakhulukazi ubuchopho bethu. Lolu lwazi luzosisiza futhi sifune iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha uma sinezimpawu.

Isifinyezo: Izinto Okufanele Uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Ofanele Uwuthathe Uhambe Nawo Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ake siphinde sixoxe ngamaphuzu ayinhloko kulokho esikhulume ngakho namuhla:

• I-cerebral cortex iwungqimba olungaphandle kakhulu lobuchopho bethu. Igoqekile, okuvumela amangqamuzana amaningi ezinzwa ukuthi asebenze.
• Ihlukaniswe ngezifunda ezine eziyinhloko : i-frontal lobe, i-parietal lobe, i-temporal lobe, kanye ne-occipital lobe.
• Le cortex yobuchopho ibalulekile cishe kuzo zonke izinqubo zethu zengqondo ezisezingeni eliphezulu , njengokucabanga, inkumbulo, ukufunda, ulimi, imizwa, kanye nokwenza izinqumo.
• Ukulimala kwezingxenye ezahlukene ze-cerebral cortex kungabangela izinkinga ngemisebenzi ehlobene naleyo ngxenye. Isibonelo, ubunzima bokukhuluma, izinkinga zenkumbulo, kanye nezinkinga zokubona.
• Ubuchopho bakho buyisitho esimangalisayo nesiyigugu . Kungumsebenzi wakho ukubunakekela. Yidla ukudla okunempilo kobuchopho, uvivinye umzimba, ulale ngokwanele, bese uzama ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka.

Ngakho-ke, ngithemba ukuthi usuyitholile ukuqonda okuhle i-cerebral cortex namuhla. Ukuqaphela izinto ezinjengalezi kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yethu.

I- Cerebral Cortex, Umsebenzi Wobuchopho, Izingxenye Zobuchopho, Isimiso Sezinzwa, Inkumbulo, Ukufunda, I-Frontal lobe, I-Lateral lobe, I-Concha lobe, I-Parietal lobe