Ake sifunde kabanzi ngemithambo yamaphaphu ephakela inhliziyo yakho.

Sonke siyazi ukuthi inhliziyo yethu ibaluleke kangakanani. Kodwa ingabe sicabanga kakhulu ngesimiso esincane semithambo yegazi esixhumanisa nenhliziyo futhi sisize ukuthi isebenze kahle? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo lomthambo owenza umsebenzi obaluleke kangaka, oletha igazi elihlanzekile eligcwele umoya-mpilo lisuka emaphashini ethu liye enhliziyweni. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi imithambo yegazi yamaphaphu, noma ngesiNgisi `(Pulmonary Veins)`.

Iyini i-Pulmonary Veins?

Kalula nje, imithambo yamaphaphu iyimithambo yegazi ethwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo lisuka emaphashini akho liye ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwenhliziyo yakho. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wale mithambo ukuthwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo ulibuyisele enhliziyweni yakho ngemva kokuba umoya-mpilo ongena emaphashini akho lapho uphefumula ungeziwe egazini lakho.

Le mithambo yamaphaphu iyingxenye yesekethe yamaphaphu yomzimba wethu. Lolu uhlelo olukhethekile kakhulu. Yilokhu okuthwala igazi phakathi kwenhliziyo namaphaphu. Le sekethe ihlanganisa imithambo yamaphaphu kanye nemithambo yamaphaphu.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwemithambo yamaphaphu kanye nemithambo yamaphaphu?

Manje ungase ucabange ukuthi lezi ezimbili ziyafana, akunjalo? Kodwa kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene phakathi kwazo.

1. Uhlobo lwegazi oluthwalwa:

• Imithambo Yemiphunga Ithwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo ophansi kanye ne-carbon dioxide ephezulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igazi lithwalwa lisuka enhliziyweni liye emaphashini ngale mithambo, lapho lihlanzwa khona.
• Imithambo yamaphaphu ithwala igazi elisha eligcwele umoya-mpilo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igazi elihlanziwe emaphashini libuyiselwa enhliziyweni ngale mithambo.

2. Indlela yokugeleza kwegazi:

• Umthambo we-pulmonary uthwala igazi lisuka enhliziyweni liye emaphashini .
• Imithambo yamaphaphu ithwala igazi lisuka emaphashini liye enhliziyweni .

Cabanga ngakho njengesikhungo sokuhlanza (amaphaphu). Okwenzekayo lapha ukuthi izinto ezingcolile (igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo) zisuswa ngendlela eyodwa (imithambo yegazi), zihlanzwe (zifakwe umoya-mpilo), bese zibuyiselwa endaweni enkulu (inhliziyo) ngenye indlela (imithambo yegazi).

Yini ekhethekile ngemithambo evamile uma iqhathaniswa neminye imithambo?

Leli iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, yonke eminye imithambo emzimbeni wethu ithwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo, noma elisetshenzisiwe. Kodwa umthambo wamaphaphu uwukuphela kohlobo lomthambo emzimbeni wethu oluthwala igazi elihlanzekile, elinomoya-mpilo.

Futhi, imithambo yamaphaphu ihlukile kweminye imithambo. Ngokuvamile, imithambo ithwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo omningi. Kodwa imithambo yamaphaphu kuphela ethwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo.

Lokho kusho ukuthi, lesi sifunda samaphaphu siyisimiso esikhethekile kakhulu emzimbeni wethu! Imithambo yegazi ekuso isebenza ngendlela ehlukile kancane kunemithetho evamile.

Kodwa into eyodwa ifana kuyo yonke imithambo yegazi kanye nayo yonke imithambo yegazi. Yileyo ndlela igazi eligeleza ngayo. Imithambo yegazi yamaphaphu, njengayo yonke eminye imithambo yegazi, ithwala igazi liye enhliziyweni. Imithambo yegazi yamaphaphu, njengayo yonke eminye imithambo yegazi, ithwala igazi lisuke enhliziyweni. Uyaqonda?

Zingaki imithambo yamaphaphu evamile?

Iningi labantu (cishe u-60% kuya ku-70%) linemithambo emine. Abanye bangase babe nemithathu noma ngisho nemihlanu. Ukwehluka kwaleli nani akubangeli izinkinga zempilo. Lokhu kumane kuwukwehluka kokwakheka komzimba, okuyindlela abanye abantu abazalwa ngayo benemithambo ehluke kancane kulokho ososayensi abakubheka “njengokuvamile.”

Uyini umsebenzi wemithambo yamaphaphu?

Imithambo yamaphaphu iqoqa igazi elinomoya-mpilo emaphashini bese iliyisa enhliziyweni. Inhliziyo bese ipompa lelo gazi liye kuzo zonke ezinye izitho nezicubu.

Cabanga ngomzimba wakho wonke njengomuzi omkhulu. Inhliziyo iyisikhungo samandla esiyinhloko salowo muzi. Khona-ke le mithambo yamaphaphu ifana nemizila emikhulu eletha 'uphethiloli' ohlanziwe (umoya-mpilo) usuka emaphashini uye kuleso sikhungo samandla. Uma le mizila iyeka ukusebenza ngisho nomzuzwana, inhliziyo ngeke ithole umoya-mpilo omusha. Khona-ke inhliziyo ngeke ikwazi ukunikeza amandla adingekayo kuwo wonke umzimba.

Ngakho-ke, imithambo yamaphaphu iyingxenye ebalulekile yenhliziyo, ebalulekile ukuze yenze umsebenzi wayo kahle. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi isebenza kahle, wonke umzimba wethu uhlala uphilile.

Ikuphi le ntambo evamile?

Imithambo yamaphaphu itholakala phakathi kwamaphaphu akho nenhliziyo yakho. Imithambo yamaphaphu yakhiwa ukuhlangana kwemithambo yegazi eminingi emincane evela emaphashini akho angakwesokudla nakwesobunxele. Imithambo emibili ngayinye iphuma emaphashini endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-hilum, noma "impande," yamaphaphu. Ukusuka lapho, le mithambo iya enhliziyweni futhi ixhumane ne-atrium yangakwesobunxele, igumbi eliphezulu lenhliziyo. I-atrium yangakwesobunxele yigumbi eliphezulu langakwesobunxele lenhliziyo.

Iyini isakhiwo semithambo yamaphaphu?

Iningi labantu linemithambo emine yamaphaphu, emibili ngephaphu ngalinye.

• Umthambo wamaphaphu ongcono kakhulu: Lo mthambo uthwala igazi lisuka engxenyeni ephezulu nephakathi yephaphu lakho langakwesokudla.
• Umthambo wamaphaphu ophansi kwesokudla: Lokhu kuletha igazi elivela engxenyeni engezansi yamaphaphu akho kwesokudla.
• Umthambo wamaphaphu ohamba phambili kwesobunxele: Lo mthambo uthwala igazi lisuka phezulu kwephaphu lakho lesobunxele kanye nolimi ("ulimi") (ingxenye efana "nolimi" yephaphu lesobunxele).
• Umthambo wamaphaphu ongaphansi kwesobunxele:Lokhu kuletha igazi elivela engxenyeni engezansi yephaphu lakho lesobunxele.

"Okuphakeme" kusho okungenhla. "Okuphansi" kusho okungezansi. Ngakho-ke igama lomthambo ngamunye likutshela ukuthi unikeza igazi kuliphi iphaphu nokuthi litholakala kanjani.

Ngokuvamile, umthambo ngamunye wamaphaphu uxhumana ngqo ne-atrium yangakwesobunxele. I-atrium yangakwesobunxele ibe nezimbobo ezine ezibizwa ngokuthi i-ostia, eyodwa yomthambo ngamunye. Igazi elinomoya-mpilo lingena kwi-atrium yangakwesobunxele ngalezi zimbobo. Ukusuka lapho, igazi liya kwi-ventricle yangakwesobunxele, lapho liphampulwa khona liye emzimbeni wonke nge- aorta .

Yiziphi izinguquko zomzimba ezitholakala emithanjeni yamaphaphu?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinhlobo zemithambo yamaphaphu ezingabonakala. Ezinye izinhlobo zithinta inani lemithambo yamaphaphu onayo nendlela engena ngayo e-atrium yangakwesobunxele. Lezi yizinhlobo ezinempilo nezingenangozi.

Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izinguquko ezivimbela imithambo yamaphaphu ukuthi ithwale igazi kahle iye e-atrium yangakwesobunxele. Lezi zinguquko ziphazamisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwenhliziyo futhi zingaba yingozi ngisho nokuphila.

Izinguquko ezingenabungozi

Cishe abantu abangu-38% banezinguquko ezincane, ezingenabungozi esakhiweni semithambo yamaphaphu. Lokhu kuthinta ubukhulu bemithambo kanye nendlela exhuma ngayo ne-atrium yangakwesobunxele. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:

• Isiqu esivamile esihlangothini lwesobunxele: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho imithambo emibili yamaphaphu ehlangothini lwesobunxele ihlangana ndawonye ukuze yakhe isiqu esisodwa esivamile esixhuma kwi-atrium yesobunxele. Okusho ukuthi, esikhundleni semithambo emibili yesobunxele ethwala igazi iye kwi-atrium yesobunxele ngokwehlukana, iyahlangana futhi ithwale igazi ngomgodi owodwa. Lokhu kuwukuhlukahluka okuvamile okubonwayo.
• Umthambo wamaphaphu wesokudla ohambisana ne-accessory: Kulesi simo, ngaphezu kwemithambo emibili evamile ohlangothini lwesokudla, kwakheka omunye umthambo, ophinde uxhumeke ne-atrium yesobunxele ngokwehlukana. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunemithambo emithathu ohlangothini lwesokudla.

Naphezu kwalezi zinguquko, imithambo yenza umsebenzi wayo kahle kakhulu. Ngoba kuzo zonke lezi zinguquko, igazi elinomoya-mpilo lifinyelela ku-atrium yangakwesobunxele. Ukusuka lapho, liya ku-ventricle yangakwesobunxele ngokujwayelekile futhi liye kuwo wonke umzimba. Ngakho-ke akukho okufanele ukhathazeke ngakho.

Izinguquko ezithinta ukusebenza kwenhliziyo

Kunezinguquko ezithile ezivimbela imithambo yamaphaphu ukuthi ithwale igazi elinomoya-mpilo iye e-atrium yangakwesobunxele. Lokhu kuvimbela inhliziyo ukuthi yenze umsebenzi wayo ngendlela efanele.

Lezi yizinkinga zenhliziyo ezizalwa nazo . Ngokuvamile, zitholakala lapho zizalwa, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zitholakala zisencane noma lapho sezikhulile.

• Ukubuya kwemithambo yegazi okungavamile kwamaphaphu (i-TAPVR):Ezinganeni ezinalesi simo, imithambo yamaphaphu ayixhumani ne-atrium yangakwesobunxele. Kunalokho, ixhuma kwi-atrium yangakwesobunxele. Okwenzekayo ukuthi igazi elinomoya-mpilo ocebile okufanele liye ohlangothini lwesobunxele lixubana negazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo ohlangothini lwesokudla. Lesi yisimo esibi kakhulu esidinga ukuhlinzwa.
• Ukubuya kwemithambo yegazi yamaphaphu okungajwayelekile (i-PAPVR): Izingane ezinalesi simo zinomthambo owodwa wamaphaphu okungenani oxhunywe ku-atrium yangakwesobunxele. Lokhu kuvumela igazi elithile elinomoya-mpilo ukuthi ligeleze liye emzimbeni. Lezi zingane zingadinga nokwelashwa, kodwa akubalulekile njenge-TAPVR.

Izinsana ezine-`(TAPVR)` noma `(PAPVR)` zivame ukuba nembobo enhliziyweni ebizwa ngokuthi `(Atrial Septal Defect).` Lembobo empeleni isindisa impilo. Ngoba idala indlela yokuthi igazi ligeleze lisuka ku-atrium yesokudla yengane liye ku-atrium yesobunxele. Nakuba okuqukethwe yi-oxygen kuleli gazi kuphansi, kwanele ukugcina ingane iphila kuze kube yilapho kutholakala ukwelashwa.

Ingakanani i-pulmonary vein? Yenziwe ngani?

Ububanzi (ububanzi obunqamulayo) bomthambo wamaphaphu ophilile buphakathi kwamamilimitha angu-9 no-13. Le mithambo iyashintsha ububanzi njengoba ihamba isuka emaphashini iye enhliziyweni. Ngokuvamile, umthambo uyakhula njengoba usondela enhliziyweni. Umthambo wamaphaphu ongaphansana kwesobunxele uhlukile kancane kulokhu. Uyakhula njengoba uphuma emaphashini, kodwa uyancipha kancane njengoba usondela enhliziyweni.

Njengeminye imithambo yethu, umthambo wamaphaphu wakhiwe ngezingqimba ezintathu zezicubu kanye nemicu :

• I-Tunica adventitia (ungqimba lwangaphandle): Lokhu kunikeza umthambo isakhiwo nesimo sawo.
• I-Tunica media (ungqimba oluphakathi): Lokhu kuqukethe amangqamuzana emisipha abushelelezi. Lawa maseli asiza umthambo ukuba wande futhi unciphe njengoba igazi ligeleza kuwo.
• I-Tunica intima (ungqimba olungaphakathi): Lokhu kunolwelwesi olwakhiwe ngamaseli e-endothelial abushelelezi. Lokhu kuvumela igazi ukuthi ligeleze ngemithambo ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa.

Ngokungafani neminye imithambo, imithambo yamaphaphu imbozwe kancane ungqimba lwemisipha yenhliziyo olubizwa ngokuthi ungqimba lwe-myocardial . Lokhu kufana "nesikhwama" esenziwe ngezicubu zemisipha yenhliziyo. Sitholakala eduze nendawo lapho umthambo uhlangana khona ne-atrium yangakwesobunxele. Lesi sikhwama side kancane emithanjeni yamaphaphu ephezulu kunasemithanjeni engaphansi.

Yiziphi izimo ezivamile ezithinta imithambo yamaphaphu?

Kunezimo eziningana zezokwelapha ezingathinta imithambo yamaphaphu. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini:

• I-Partial Anomaly Pulmonary Venous Inflow (PAPVR): Njengoba sixoxile ngaphambili, imithambo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yamaphaphu ayixhumani ne-atrium yangakwesobunxele.
• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yamaphaphu:Ukuvaleka komthambo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka lapho isimila, njengesenhliziyo noma emaphashini, sisakazekela emthanjeni.
• I-pulmonary vein stenosis: Ukuncipha kwemithambo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Ezinganeni, lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo okuzalwa nakho. Kwabantu abadala, ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka njengomphumela ongemuhle we-catheter radiofrequency ablation, ukwelashwa kwesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-atrial fibrillation .
• I-pulmonary vein thrombosis: Ukwakheka kwehlule legazi ngaphakathi kwemithambo. Lokhu kuvame ukubonakala kubantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu noma labo abaye bafakelwa amaphaphu.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu wemithambo yamaphaphu: Umfutho wegazi ophezulu emithanjeni yamaphaphu. Imbangela eyinhloko yalokhu ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo ohlangothini lwesobunxele. Ezinye izimbangela zifaka phakathi izimila zenhliziyo kanye ne-mitral valve stenosis.
• Ukubuya kwemithambo yegazi yamaphaphu okungavamile ngokuphelele (i-TAPVR): Akukho mithambo yegazi yamaphaphu exhumanisa ne-atrium yangakwesobunxele. Lokhu kutholakala nasekuzalweni.

Buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-atrial fibrillation kanye nemithambo yamaphaphu?

I-Atrial fibrillation, noma i-`(Atrial Fibrillation - A-Fib)` iyisigqi senhliziyo esingajwayelekile. Iqala emithanjeni yamaphaphu, noma lapho ixhuma khona ne-atrium yangakwesobunxele. Nakuba i-`(A-Fib)` ingaqala kunoma yimuphi umthambo wamaphaphu, ivame ukubandakanyeka emthanjeni wamaphaphu wesobunxele ophakeme.

Odokotela basebenzisa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-pulmonary vein isolation ukwelapha i-A-Fib, ehilela ukusebenzisa i-catheter.

Ungayihlola kanjani impilo yemithambo yamaphaphu?

Odokotela basebenzisa izivivinyo eziningana ezahlukene zokuhlola izithombe ukuhlola impilo yemithambo yakho yamaphaphu. Ezinye zazo zifaka:

• I-X-ray yesifuba
• I-Echocardiography
• Isithombe Sokuzwakala Kwe-Magnetic (MRI)
• Ukuskena kwe-Computed Tomography (i-CT scan)

Ngakho-ke, kufanele siyinakekele kanjani imithambo yethu? Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Imithambo yegazi ifana nezisebenzi zomzimba wethu ezithule. Isebenza kahle, yingakho wonke umzimba wethu uphilile futhi unamandla.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma udokotela ekutholile ukuthi unesifo semithambo yamaphaphu, qiniseka ukuthi ulandela imiyalelo yakhe ngqo.

Izinkinga eziningi zemithambo yegazi ephukile zihlotshaniswa nezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwelapha isimo esiyisisekelo futhi usigcine ngaphansi kokuqashwa njalo kwezokwelapha. Buza udokotela wakho ngezinto ongazenza ekhaya ukuze uphathe isimo sakho futhi unciphise izimpawu.

Khumbula, imithambo yakho yamaphaphu iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wakho eletha impilo entsha enhliziyweni yakho nasemzimbeni wonke. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyinakekela nayo.

Imithambo Yephaphu, Inhliziyo, Amaphaphu, I-oksijini, Ukujikeleza Kwegazi, Imithambo, Imithambo Yegazi, Izifo Zenhliziyo