Uyazazi yini imithambo yegazi emincane kodwa enamandla (ama-Arterioles) emizimbeni yethu?

Wake wazibuza ukuthi igazi lihamba kanjani emizimbeni yethu? Kulolu hambo oluthatha igazi lisuka enhliziyweni liye kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba, kunezinhlobo ezincane kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu ezidlala indima engabonakali. Zibizwa ngokuthi `(ama-Arterioles)`. Kalula nje, lezi yimithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngalawa `(ama-Arterioles)`, umsebenzi awenzayo, nokuthi singawagcina kanjani ephilile.

Ayini ama-`(ama-Arterioles)`? Akuphi?

Kulungile, ake siqale sibone ukuthi lawa ma-`(Arterioles)` (abizwa ngokuthi ama-`arterioles') ayini. Uyazi ukuthi igazi ligeleza lisuka enhliziyweni yethu liye emzimbeni ngemithambo yegazi emikhulu, okungukuthi, imithambo yegazi. Leyo mithambo yegazi emikhulu ihlukaniswe yaba imigudu yegazi emincane kakhulu, emincane kakhulu, engajiyile njengoboya. Ibizwa ngokuthi ama-`(Arterioles).` Njengemigwaqo emincane eseceleni ehlukana nomgwaqo omkhulu. Lawa ma-`(Arterioles)` ayimigudu yegazi emincane kakhulu, emincane kakhulu ethwala igazi eya kuma-`(Capillaries)`. Cabanga nje, lawa ma-`(Capillaries)` afana nezikhungo zokushintshana. Yilapho izicubu nezitho zomzimba wethu zithola khona umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba ezizidingayo egazini, futhi imfucuza ekulezo zicubu ibuyiselwa egazini. Ukuze kusizwe ngalokhu kushintshana, imithambo yegazi emincane kakhulu, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-venule (lena yiyo ethwala igazi libuyele enhliziyweni), nayo ixhunywe kula ma-capillaries. Ngakho-ke, lawa ma-arterioles akuphi? Empeleni, yonke indawo emzimbeni wethu! Ngoba wonke amaseli nezicubu emzimbeni wethu zidinga umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba. Ngakho-ke, lezi ziteshi ezincane zisakazeke emzimbeni wonke njengenethiwekhi. Kalula nje, ububanzi be-arterioles bungama-micrometer angaba yi-100 kuya ku-7. Okusho ukuthi, inani elincane kakhulu, cishe amamilimitha angu-0.30 kuya ku-0.01. Ubukhulu bodonga bungaba amamilimitha angu-0.02. Nakuba zincane, umsebenzi wazo mkhulu kakhulu.

Uyini umsebenzi oyinhloko walezi `(Arterioles)` ezincane?

Lawa ma-`(Arterioles)` amancane enza okungaphezu kwalokho okucabangayo. Into eyinhloko ukulawula ukugeleza kwegazi kanye nomfutho wegazi emzimbeni wethu wonke. Cabanga nje, lawa ma-`(Arterioles)` adala u-80% wokumelana okwenzeka lapho igazi ligeleza ohlelweni lwemithambo yegazi yomzimba wethu! Ngamanye amazwi, lawa mashaneli amancane alawula futhi alawula ukuthi igazi lethu lihamba ngokushesha kangakanani emzimbeni wonke nangamandla angakanani, nokuthi lingakanani igazi eliya ezicutshini zethu nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Uyazi ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani? Izindonga ze-`(Arterioles)` zinemisipha. Le misipha ingafinyela (iqinise) futhi ivuleke (ivuleke). Njengokucindezela ipayipi lamanzi kushintsha ijubane lamanzi.

• Lawa "(ama-Arterioles)" angamelana nokucindezeleka kwegazi okuvela enhliziyweni.
• Zingacindezela (zifinyeze) igazi njengoba lisuka enhliziyweni liya kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lena yindlela umfutho wegazi ohlala njalo nozinzile ogcinwa ngayo.

Enye into ukuthi isebenza njengesixhumanisi phakathi kwemithambo emikhulu kanye nama-capillary amancane kakhulu, okungukuthi, isebenza "njengomuntu ophakathi". Lawa "ma-Arterioles" asiza ukuletha umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba ezivela emithanjeni emikhulu ziye ezicutshini ngama-capillary anjalo, kanye nokuqoqa imfucuza evela ezicutshini emuva ngama-capillary bese iyiletha emithanjeni, ebizwa ngokuthi "ama-Venule".

`(Ama-Arterioles)` azisiza kanjani ezinye izitho zethu zomzimba?

Njengoba ngishilo ngaphambili, `(Ama-Arterioles)` atholakala kuwo wonke umzimba, ngakho-ke asiza zonke izitho emzimbeni wethu. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:

• Esikhumbeni sethu: Amanye ama-`(Arterioles)` ayancipha futhi asiza ukugcina igazi lingaphakathi emzimbeni. Ngemuva kwalokho sizizwa singabanda kakhulu, futhi umzimba uhlala ufudumele. Futhi, lapho ama-`(Arterioles)` esikhumbeni ekhula (enwebeka), andisa ukugeleza kwegazi esikhumbeni nasemalungeni. Bese kukhishwa ukushisa emzimbeni, bese sizizwa sipholile.
• Izinso : I-glomerulus ( umthambo wegazi omncane ohlunga igazi) ezinso ixhunywe kunethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-arterioles angaphandle. Lawa angavuleka, okuvumela igazi eliningi ukuthi lihlungwe. Ama-arterioles angaphandle nawo athwala igazi libuya ku-glomerulus.
• Amaphaphu : Uma amaphaphu engatholi umoya-mpilo owanele, ama-arterioles lapho ayancipha. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi igazi liphambukiswe ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo bese liqondiswa ezindaweni zamaphaphu ezinamazinga aphezulu omoya-mpilo.
• Ubuchopho: Ama-arterioles ebuchosheni angavuleka, andise inani legazi eligeleza liye ebuchosheni. Lokhu kuvumela ubuchopho ukuthi buthole umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba ezingcono.

Amanye amaqiniso amangalisayo mayelana `(ama-Arterioles)`!

Kunamaqiniso amangazayo kakhulu ngala "ma-Arterioles" amancane.

Esinye siwukuthi yonke iseli yemisipha ebushelelezi ku-arteriole ine-neuron yayo, noma iseli yemizwa. Ngokuvamile, amangqamuzana emizwa amaningana ayahlangana ukuze athumele izimpawu eqenjini lamangqamuzana emisipha. Kodwa lapha, yonke iseli yemisipha ithola umlayezo ngqo!

Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma uhlelo lwethu lwezinzwa luthola isignali yokwandisa noma ukunciphisa ububanzi be-`(Arteriole)`, lungakwenza lokho ngokushesha nangokunembile kakhulu. Lokhu kusiza ukulawula umfutho wegazi kanye nenani lokugeleza kwegazi ngokunembe kakhulu. Enye into emangalisayo ukuthi uma ububanzi be-`(Arteriole)` buncishiswa bube yisigamu, okungukuthi, uma bugoqwe kahle phakathi, inani legazi eligeleza kulo liyancipha libe yi-1/16 (1/16)! Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho noshintsho oluncane kububanzi lunomthelela omkhulu enanini lokugeleza kwegazi.

Zenziwe ngani '(ama-Arterioles)'?

Ama-arterioles awawona nje amapayipi. Ayiziteshi eziguquguqukayo, ezibanzi ezenziwe ngemisipha. Yingakho ekwazi ukugcina umfutho wegazi futhi alawule inani legazi eligeleza kuwo. Anemisipha eminingi kunemithambo yegazi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kufanele afinyele futhi anwebeke kahle ukuze amelane nomfutho wegazi ophezulu ophakelwa yinhliziyo futhi alawule ukugeleza kwegazi. Ama-arterioles anezingqimba ezintathu eziyinhloko: 1. I-Tunica intima: Lena yingqimba engaphakathi kakhulu. Yakhiwe ngamaseli e-epithelial. Le ngqimba ixhumana nengqimba yemisipha ephakathi. 2. I-Tunica media: Lena yingqimba ephakathi. Iqukethe amaseli emisipha abushelelezi kanye nezicubu ezinwebekayo. Ama-arterioles ayafinyela futhi anwebeke ngenxa yale ngqimba. 3. I-Tunica adventitia: Lena yingqimba engaphandle kakhulu. Yakhiwe ngezicubu ezixhumanisayo, imicu ye-collagen, kanye neziphetho zemizwa.

Yiziphi izifo ezivamile ezithinta `(ama-Arterioles)`?

Ama-arterioles nawo ayimithambo yegazi. Ngakho-ke, izimo ezithinta uhlelo lwethu lwenhliziyo zingathinta nama-arterioles. Nazi ezinye zezimo ezinjalo:

• Umfutho wegazi ophakeme : Umfutho wegazi ophakeme njalo ulimaza ama-arterioles.
• Ukubhema : Ukubhema konakalisa ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwemithambo yegazi futhi kunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwayo.
• I-cholesterol ephezulu: Uma amazinga e-cholesterol egazini enyuka, inganqwabelana emithanjeni yegazi, inciphise imithambo yegazi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-atherosclerosis.
• Isifo Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu Esingamahlalakhona ( COPD ): Lesi sifo singathinta ama-arterioles emaphashini.
• Isifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo
• Ihlule legazi `(Thrombosis)`
• Isifo samathambo
• I-cystic fibrosis
• I-Vasculitis: Lokhu kusho ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi.
• I-Arteriolosclerosis: Ukuqongelela kwamaprotheni ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi, ikakhulukazi kuma-arterioles ezinso.
• Imivimbo emincane:Kungabangelwa ukuvaleka kwe-"Arteriole" noma "Aneurysms" (ukuqhuma komthambo wegazi).
• I-microangiopathy ehlobene nesifo sikashukela: Isifo sikashukela sibangela umonakalo kuma-arterioles, antula umoya-mpilo.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, uma izindonga ze-arterioles zonakele, azikwazi ukufinyela noma ukuvuleka kahle. Lokhu kunomthelela omkhulu ekucindezelweni kwegazi nasekugelezeni kwegazi.

Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zezifo ezihlobene ne-`(Arterioles)`?

Ezinye zezimpawu zezifo ezithinta ama-arterioles zingafaka:

I-Vasculitis (ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi)

• Ukwehlisa isisindo
• Imfiva
• Ukuzizwa ukhathele njalo
• Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba, njengokuqubuka kanye nemivimbo

`(COPD)` (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu)

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula
• Ukuphefumula
• Ukukhwehlela njalo

Amahlule egazi

• Ubunzima bokuphefumula (uma ihlule liseziphashini noma enhliziyweni)
• Ubuhlungu besifuba (uma kukhona ihlule legazi enhliziyweni)
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma (uma kukhona ihlule legazi ebuchosheni)
• Ukuvuvukala emilenzeni (iningi lamahlule egazi liqala emithanjeni yemilenze)

Isifo samathumbu esivuvukalayo

• Ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukopha (ngendle)
• Uhudo
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza

Uma unalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Izindlela zokuhlola impilo ye-`(Arterioles)`

Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokuthatha izithombe ukuhlola impilo yama-arterioles akho. Ezinye zazo zifaka:

• I-CT angiogram: Lokhu kungathatha izithombe ezinemininingwane zemithambo yegazi, okuhlanganisa nama-arterioles.
• I-MR angiogram: Lena futhi indlela yokubheka imithambo yegazi kusetshenziswa amaza kazibuthe.
• I-Doppler ultrasound: Lokhu kungabona ijubane kanye nephethini yokugeleza kwegazi emithanjeni yegazi.

Lezi zivivinyo zingabona noma yikuphi ukuvinjelwa noma ukulimala kwama-arterioles.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha `(ama-Arterioles)`?

Udokotela wakho angase akunike imithi yokusiza uhlelo lwakho lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi – okuhlanganisa nama-arterioles akho – ukuthi lusebenze kangcono.

• Imithi yokunciphisa umfutho wegazi.
• Imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol.
• Imithi enciphisa ukuvuvukala (ezimweni ezifana ne-"Vasculitis", isibonelo).
• Ukuyeka ukubhema kuyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokwelapha kanye nesinyathelo sokuvimbela.

Amathiphu Alula Okuphila Ngendlela Enempilo Yesistimu Ye-Arterial Enempilo

Ungagcina ama-`(Arterioles)` akho ephilile ngokulandela le mikhuba elula:

• Nciphisa inani likasawoti olidlayo.
• Nciphisa ukudla okunamafutha amaningi agcwele.(Izinto ezinjengokudla okunamafutha, okuthosiwe, inyama enamafutha)
• Vivinya umzimba njalo. Ukuhamba okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku nakho kuhle.
• Ungayisebenzisi imikhiqizo kagwayi. Yeka ukubhema ngokuphelele.
• Gcina isisindo esinempilo esikufanele.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Ngakho-ke, manje usuyaqonda ukuthi lawa ma-‘(Arterioles)’ amancane, angabonakali abaluleke kangakanani emizimbeni yethu. Yiwona alawula ukugeleza kwegazi kanye nomfutho wegazi emizimbeni yethu. Singase singacabangi kakhulu ngawo, kodwa enza inkonzo enhle buthule.

Uma udla ukudla okunempilo, uvivinya umzimba njalo, futhi uphila impilo enhle, ungagcina lonke uhlelo lwakho lwenhliziyo, okuhlanganisa nalawa "ma-Arterioles," luphilile.

Ezinye izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi zingase zingabonisi zimpawu ezigabeni zokuqala. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha. Ngemuva kwalokho, uma kukhona inkinga, ingabonakala ngaphambi kokuba ibe yinkinga enkulu. Nakekela '(ama-Arterioles)' akho, azokunakekela kahle!

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Ama-arterioles, imithambo yegazi, umfutho wegazi, impilo yenhliziyo, ukujikeleza kwegazi, imikhuba yezempilo, ukusebenza komzimba