Sawubona! Unjani? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngamasosha abaluleke kakhulu futhi angajwayelekile ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Njengamasosha avikela izwe lethu, lawa maseli asivikela nasezifweni ezingena emizimbeni yethu, ikakhulukazi ezitheni ezifana namagciwane. Siwabiza lawa
maseli amancane e-T anobuthi . Amanye awabiza nangokuthi 'amaseli e-T abulalayo'. Ungesabi, naphezu kwalelo gama, angabangane bethu abakhulu!
Ziyini lezi T cells ezibangela ubuthi?
Kalula nje, lawa `(amaseli e-T ane-Cytotoxic)`
awuhlobo olukhethekile lweseli ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba. Kufana neqembu elikhethekile lamaphoyisa. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko ukuthola nokubhubhisa amaseli athelelekile lapho izinto ezifana namagciwane zingena emaseli emizimba yethu. Yingakho abanye abantu bewabiza ngokuthi
`amaseli e-T abulalayo' . Nakuba igama lilukhuni kancane, enza usizo olukhulu. Cabanga, sine-gland encane ebizwa ngokuthi
`(Thymus)` ngaphambili kwesifuba. Yilapho lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zamaseli e-T zikhiqizwa khona kakhulu.
- Amaseli e-T awusizo: Lawa yiwo avuselela amanye amaseli omzimba futhi awatshele ukuthi, "Kukhona ukulwa lapha, qala ukusebenza."
- Amaseli e-T alawulayo : Umsebenzi wawo ukulawula amanye amangqamuzana omzimba uma kudingeka. Kufana nokuthi, "Kulungile, sekwanele, yeka" lapho impi isiphelile.
- Umlingiswa wethu oyinhloko, amaseli e-T ane-Cytotoxic: Lawa yiwo aqonda ngqo empini futhi abhubhise amaseli athelelekile.
Ingabe la maseli ayingxenye yesimiso sethu sokuzivikela somzimba esizalwa naso?
Cha, awukwazi ukusho lokho. Lawa `(amaseli e-T ayingozi)` angokwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi
'ukuvikeleka okubangelwa amangqamuzana' . Kuyingxenye
'yokuvikeleka okuguquguqukayo' . Manje ubuza, 'Kuyini lokhu kuvikeleka okungokwemvelo kanye nokuvikeleka okuguquguqukayo?' Cabanga ngakho kanje:
- Ukuzivikela okungokwemvelo uhlelo lokuzivikela olukhona emizimbeni yethu lapho sizalwa. Lufana nezindonga zenqaba, olusabela kunoma yisiphi isitha ngendlela efanayo, ngaphandle kokukhetha okukhethekile.
- Ukungavikeleki okuguquguqukayo yisimo sokungavikeleki esisithuthukisa kancane kancane lapho sibhekene nezifo noma izinto zangaphandle ezivela ngaphandle. Lokhu kuqondile kakhulu. Kufana nebutho eliqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile. Uma behlangana nesitha abasazi ngaphambili, bayasikhumbula futhi basihlasele kakhulu ngesikhathi esizayo. Yileyo ndlela lawa `(amaseli e-Cytotoxic T)` asebenza ngayo.
Ngakho-ke uyini umehluko phakathi kwamaseli e-T ayingozi kanye namaseli okubulala emvelo?
Zombili lezi ziyizivikelo zomzimba wethu, kodwa kunomehluko omncane endleleni ezisebenza ngayo. Cabanga ngakho njengokuthi, `(amaseli e-T anobuthi)` afana nama-commando asebenza kuphela uma ethola ithiphu elikhethekile lobuhlakani. Lokho kusho ukuthi, ahlasela izinto ezifana namagciwane, okuthile
Ngemva kokuvuselelwa yi-'antigen'. Kodwa 'amaseli e-Natural Killer' ahlukile kancane. Awadingi ukuvuselelwa okukhethekile ukuze ahlasele amaseli ayingozi. Aqala ukusebenza ngokushesha nje lapho ebona ukuthi 'kunenkinga'. Kalula nje:- Amaseli e-T anobuthi ayingxenye yempendulo yomzimba eguquguqukayo esikhulume ngayo ngaphambili.
- "Amaseli Okubulala Emvelo" ayingxenye 'yempendulo yomzimba yokuzalwa'" .
Manje umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili ucacile, akunjalo? La maseli e-T anobuthi asebenza kanjani?
Lena indlela emangalisayo kakhulu. Cabanga ngakho, yonke `(iseli le-T elinobuthi be-Cytotoxic)` inento ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi `(i-CD8 receptor)` ebusweni bayo. Kufana nethuluzi elikhethekile elinalo umphenyi. Le `(i-CD8 receptor)` ibopha ku `(ama-molecule e-MHC Class I)` ebusweni bamaseli omzimba wethu. Lawa `(ama-molecule e-MHC Class I)` afana nefulegi elibonisa ukuthi iseli eliphilile lithelelekile. Ngakho-ke, ngokushesha nje lapho leyo `(i-CD8 receptor)` ibona iseli elithelelekile, `(amaseli ethu e-Cytotoxic T)` ethu ayavuselelwa. Bese kuba khona umsebenzi wangempela. Lawa `(amaseli e-T elinobuthi be-Cytotoxic)` avuselelwe akhiqiza ama-molecule akhethekile, aklanyelwe ukubhubhisa lokho kutheleleka. Njengesikhali esishaya ilitshe, siya ngqo esiseleni esithelelekile bese silibhubhisa. Lokhu kunciphisa ithuba lokuthi igciwane lisabalale emzimbeni wonke. Akumangalisi yini ukuthi lawa maseli amancane enzani? Amaseli e-T anobuthi kanye namaseli e-T awusizo asebenza kanjani ndawonye?
Laba ababili bafana nabangane abakhulu eqenjini elilodwa. Amaseli e-T asiza amanye amaseli ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba. Uma ezwa ukutheleleka, akhipha izithunywa zamakhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-cytokine . Lawa ma-cytokine afana nemiyalezo ephuthumayo etshela amanye amaseli omzimba ukuthi, "Kunenkinga, woza ngokushesha." Lawa ma-cytokine yiwo avuselela amaseli ethu e-T anobuthi futhi awasize alwe nokutheleleka. Ngamanye amazwi, amaseli e-T asiza atshela amaseli e-T anobuthi ukuthi, "Kulungile, manje sekuyithuba lakho, hamba uyokwenza umsebenzi wakho." Lo mqondo wokubambisana yiwo owenza uhlelo lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba luphumelele kangaka. Akuphi la maseli e-T ayingozi emzimbeni wethu?
Amaseli e-T aqala ukukhula 'emnkantsheni' wethu . Bese, ukuze akhule ngokwengeziwe, okungukuthi, 'ukuqeqeshwa', aya endlaleni ethi '(Thymus)' esikhulume ngayo ngaphambilini. Kufana nokuya esikoleni sokuqeqesha. Kukule '(Thymus)' lapho amaseli e-T akhule kahle futhi alungele ukusebenza. Bese, '(Thymus)' ijikeleza lawa maseli kuwo wonke umzimba. 'Uhlelo lwethu lwe-lymphatic'Kunenani elikhulu lala maseli e-T emzimbeni wonke. Amaseli e-T ane-cytotoxic agxile kakhulu, okusho ukuthi atholakala ngamanani amakhulu, ezindaweni ezilandelayo:- Umkantsha
- Amathumbu
- Amaphaphu
- Ama-lymph node
- Ubende
- Ama-Tonsils
Lezi yizindawo lapho beqaphile khona, belungele ukuya empini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ingabe zikhona izifo ezithinta la maseli e-T anobuthi?
Yebo, ngeshwa, kunezifo ezingathinta la maseli ethu okuzivikela ayigugu. Ezinye 'izifo ezizivikela ngokuzenzakalelayo' zithinta ukusebenza kwamaseli e-T. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi amasosha omzimba wethu aqala ukuhlasela amaseli ethu. Kuyisimo esidabukisayo kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye izimo eziningana ezithinta amaseli e-T:- I-acute lymphocytic leukemia : Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza oluqala egazini nasemongweni wamathambo.
- I-Adult Hodgkin lymphoma: Kulolu hlobo lomdlavuza, amangqamuzana omdlavuza aqala ohlelweni lwe-lymphatic.
- Igciwane le-HIV : Leli igciwane elihlasela amangqamuzana ethu egazi amhlophe. Uma lingelashwa, lingaholela esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi `(i-AIDS) `.
- I-Job syndrome: Lesi yisifo esingavamile kakhulu sokuzivikela komzimba esibangela ukutheleleka okuvamile.
- I-Thymic aplasia: Kulesi simo, umuntu uzalwa ene-thymus gland enephutha, evimbela ukuvuthwa kwamaseli e-T.
Kulezi zimo, amaseli ethu e-T awakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wawo kahle, yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina amasosha omzimba ephilile.
Yiziphi ezinye izinto ezilula esingazenza ukuze sigcine amasosha ethu omzimba ephilile?
Eqinisweni, izinguquko ezincane endleleni yethu yokuphila zingasiza kakhulu ekugcineni amasosha ethu omzimba eqinile. Cabanga ngakho njengokunikeza amandla amahle kanye nendawo enhle yamasosha ethu okuphepha. Nazi ezinye izinto ezilula ongazenza:- Gwema utshwala, noma unciphise ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile kwenza buthaka amasosha omzimba.
- Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo okugcwele izithelo, imifino, ubhontshisi, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, amaprotheni angenamafutha amaningi (njengenhlanzi, inkukhu), kanye namafutha anempilo (njenge-avokhado, amantongomane). Yilokhu okunikeza ukudla okunomsoco okudingwa yimizimba yethu kanye namaseli omzimba.
- Vivinya umzimba njalo . Faka phakathi izivivinyo eziqinisa umzimba wakho, ezandisa ukuguquguquka, futhi zandise izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho (aerobic). Ukuhamba okungenani imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku kuyisiqalo esihle.
- Thola okungenani amahora ayisikhombisa kuya kwayisishiyagalombili okulala kahle ebusuku. Ukulala kuyindlela yokuphumula yomzimba nengqondo, futhi kusiza nesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ekuzilungiseni.
- Uma ubhema , yeka. Ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo kagwayi kungalimaza kakhulu amasosha omzimba wakho. Uma udinga usizo lokuyeka, khuluma nodokotela wakho.
- Ukuze uzivikele emagciwaneni, geza izandla zakho njalo ngensipho namanzi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngaphambi kokudla, ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, nangemva kokuphuma ngaphandle.
Uma ungeza lezi zinto ezincane empilweni yakho, amasosha omzimba wakho azothola amandla amakhulu okukuvikela ezifweni. Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu esizifundile namuhla? (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)
Cishe usuyaqonda manje ukuthi `(amaseli e-Cytotoxic T)` esikhulume ngawo namuhla awuhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lweseli ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba. Angenye yezinhlobo eziyinhloko zamaseli akhiqizwa endlaleni yethu `(i-Thymus)`. Kalula nje, nazi ezinye izinto okufanele uzikhumbule:- Amaseli e-T anobuthi angochwepheshe abalwa nokutheleleka, ikakhulukazi ukutheleleka ngamagciwane.
- Wona, kanye "namaseli e-Helper T", asebenza njengengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu 'yokuzivikela komzimba okuzivumelanisa nezimo' .
- Ezinye izifo zokuzivikela komzimba kanye nezinye izimo zezokwelapha zingathinta amaseli ethu e-T.
- Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo, singagcina amasosha ethu omzimba eqinile futhi sisize la maseli e-T abalulekile.
Ngakho-ke, manje usuyazi okuningi ngalezi zivikeli ezincane, kodwa ezinamandla kakhulu ezisebenzela wena ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho. Kungumsebenzi wakho ukuzinakekela kahle!
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