Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane futhi ukhathazekile lapho udokotela wakho ekutshela ukuthi wenze i-biopsy yebele. Ungase ucabange, "O, ingabe nginomdlavuza?" Kodwa into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuthi nje ucelwa ukuba wenze i-biopsy akusho ukuthi unomdlavuza. Eqinisweni, abesifazane abangu-80 kwabayi-100 abanalolu hlobo lwe-biopsy batholakala bengenawo umdlavuza. Ngakho-ke ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngokuningiliziwe ngaphandle kokwesaba.
Kalula nje, kuyini i-biopsy?
Kalula nje, i-biopsy yebele inqubo lapho kuthathwa khona ingxenye encane kakhulu yezicubu endaweni ebeleni lakho bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Cabanga ukuthi uneqhubu ebeleni lakho. I-biopsy ukuphela kwendlela yokwazi ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ingumdlavuza noma cha. Ngenkathi ezinye izinhlobo zokuskena (i-Mammogram, i-Ultrasound) zingakunikeza umbono othile, i-biopsy kuphela engakutshela ngokuqinisekile.
Kungani udinga i-biopsy?
Udokotela uvame ukusikisela ukuthi wenze i-biopsy ngesizathu esisodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalezi ezilandelayo:
- Ukuzwa iqhubu noma ukuqina kwebele: Uma ubona iqhubu elingavamile, iqhubu, noma ukuqina kwebele, kungaba ngesikhathi sokuzihlola noma ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngudokotela wakho.
- I-mammogram engavamile: Uma umbiko wakho we-mammogram ubonisa indawo esolisayo.
- Imiphumela yokuskena nge-ultrasound: Uma ukuskena kwebele nge-ultrasound kuthola indawo esolisayo engaba nomdlavuza.
- Izinguquko esikhumbeni esizungeze ingono yakho noma i-areola: Izinguquko ezingavamile engono yakho noma esikhumbeni esimnyama esizungezile (i-areola), isibonelo, ukuqhekeka, ukufiphala, noma ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi ukuthi nje unezimpawu ezinjengalezi akusho ukuthi umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, ukwazi kahle ukuthi uyini kubalulekile ukuze ube nokuthula kwengqondo futhi ufune ukwelashwa ngokushesha uma kudingeka.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-biopsies zebele ezikhona?
Kunezindlela eziningana zokwenza i-biopsy yebele. Kuye ngohlobo lokungajwayelekile kwebele lakho, udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi iyiphi indlela engcono kakhulu kuwe. Ake sibheke izinhlobo eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo lwe-Biopsy | Incazelo emfushane |
|---|---|
| i-biopsy ye-Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) | Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa inalithi encane kakhulu nencane ukususa inani elincane loketshezi noma amaseli endaweni esolisayo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa yi-radiologist. |
| I-biopsy yebele lenaliti eyinhloko | Lokhu kusebenzisa inalithi enkulu kancane kune-FNA, ngakho-ke kungatholakala ingxenye enkulu yezicubu ukuze ihlolwe. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa yi-radiologist. |
| I-biopsy yebele ekhishwe ngaphandle kwesikhumba (i-Lumpectomy) | Lokhu kuwukuhlinzwa okuncane. Kuhilela ukususa lonke isimila noma izicubu ezingavamile okucatshangwa ukuthi zinomdlavuza. Ngezinye izikhathi ezinye zezicubu ezivamile ezizungezile nazo ziyasuswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awekho amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele ngemuva. |
| I-biopsy yebele eqoshiwe | Lokhu futhi kuyindlela yokuhlinzwa. Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sokususa lonke isimila, kunqunywa ingxenye encane kuphela endaweni esolisayo bese ithunyelwa ukuyohlolwa. |
Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy?
Ngaphambi kokuba wenze i-biopsy, kufanele nakanjani utshele udokotela wakho, udokotela ohlinzayo, noma udokotela we-radiology ngalezi zinto.
- Uma ukhulelwe noma ungase ukhulelwe.
- Uma uthatha imithi yokunciphisa igazi (enciphisa igazi), udokotela wakho angase akucebise ukuthi uyeke ukuyisebenzisa noma ulungise umthamo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwegazi.
- Uma uthatha i-aspirin noma ezinye izithako zemithi.
- Mayelana nezinye izifo onazo kanye nokuhlinzwa kwamuva oke wakwenza.
- Ukungezwani komzimba onakhoKubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma ngokungezwani komzimba ne-anesthesia.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithimba lakho lezokwelapha lizokweluleka ngezinto ezifana nokuthi kufanele yini usebenzise i-deodorant ngosuku lokuhlolwa kwesikhumba nokuthi ngabe udinga umuntu ozokuthatha akuyise ekhaya ngemva kokuhlolwa kwesikhumba.
Kwenzekani ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe i-biopsy?
Ngezinye izikhathi, ngaphambi kokuthatha ingcezu yezicubu ukuze kwenziwe i-biopsy, kusetshenziswa ezinye izindlela ukuphawula indawo eqondile yezicubu okufanele zithathwe.
Ukuthola indawo efanele ngokuskena (Izinqubo eziqondiswa yisithombe)
Ngesikhathi se-biopsy, isithwebuli singasetshenziswa ukubona ngqo ukuthi kufanele sifake inaliti kuphi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi `inqubo eqondiswa isithombe`. Izindlela ezisetshenziswa kulokhu yilezi:
- I-biopsy yebele ye-Stereotactic
- I-biopsy eqondiswa yi-ultrasound
- I-biopsy eqondiswa yi-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Ukwenziwa kwendawo ngocingo noma okungeyona ngocingo
Uma kwenziwa i-biopsy yokuhlinzwa, inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi 'i-wire localization' ingasetshenziswa ukusiza udokotela ohlinzayo ukuthola indawo eqondile okufanele ayisuse. Lokhu kuhilela:
1. Okokuqala, udokotela wezinzwa uzofaka inaliti encane endaweni yebele lakho ukuze aliqede.
2. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngaphansi kwesiqondiso se-scan (isb., i-ultrasound, i-MRI), udokotela ohlinzayo ufaka inaliti encane kakhulu, engenalutho endaweni lapho kuzokwenziwa khona i-biopsy.
3. Uma inaliti isisendaweni efanele, kufakwa intambo encane kakhulu, engenamagciwane phakathi nenaliti. Le ntambo inesixhumi esincane ekugcineni, ngakho ngeke ihambe.
4. Bese kususwa inaliti. Kusala intambo kuphela ngaphakathi kwesifuba. Ingxenye ephumayo yentambo iyabonakala.
5. Ngemva kokuba ukuhlinzwa sekuqediwe, le ntambo isuswa ngokuphelele.
Ngokufanayo, ezinye izindlela zesimanje ezifana namadivayisi amancane anamandla kagesi kanye namadivayisi anemisebe manje sezisetshenziswa ukumaka izindawo.
Kwenzekani ngesikhathi se-biopsy?
Okuhlangenwe nakho kungahluka kancane kuye ngohlobo lwe-biopsy onayo.
- Uma kwenzeka i-biopsy ye-Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA): Udokotela uzoyiqeda indawo (i-local anesthesia) bese efaka inalithi ukuze athole isampula encane yamaseli noketshezi.
- I-Core Needle Biopsy Yebele: Udokotela we-X-ray uqeda i-nest endaweni, mhlawumbe enze ukusika okuncane kakhulu esikhumbeni, afake inaliti, bese ethatha isampula yezicubu. Kube sekubekwa uphawu oluncane ('uphawu lwe-biopsy') ukuze kuphawulwe indawo yesampula. Lokhu kuvumela udokotela ohlinzayo ukuthola indawo eqondile yesampula uma kudingeka amasampula engeziwe kamuva noma uma kudingeka ukuhlinzwa.
- Uma ukuhlinzwa (njengokususwa kwe-lumpectomy) kungukuthi:Udokotela obulala izinzwa uzokufaka ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile. Udokotela ohlinzayo uzobe esesika ibele lakho bese esusa indawo ethintekile yezicubu. I-incision izobe isivalwa ngokuthunga kanye nebhandeji elihlanzekile.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani lokhu futhi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa?
| Uhlobo lwe-biopsy | Isikhathi esichithwe | Isikhathi sokutakula |
|---|---|---|
| Ukufuthwa Kwenaliti Encane (i-FNA) | Cishe imizuzu eyi-10 - 15 | Kwanele ukuphumula ngalolo suku. Ungenza umsebenzi ojwayelekile kusukela ngosuku olulandelayo. |
| I-Core Needle Biopsy | Cishe imizuzu engama-20 - 60 | Kungcono ukugwema ukuphakamisa okunzima noma okunzima okungenani izinsuku ezimbili. |
| I-Biopsy Yokuhlinzwa (Ukususwa Kwezicubu/Ukusika) | Cishe imizuzu engama-60 | Kungase kube nobuhlungu izinsuku ezimbalwa. Kungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya esontweni ukubuyela emisebenzini evamile. Lokhu kuncike ngobukhulu bokusikwa kanye nenani lezicubu ezisusiwe. |
Ingabe kukhona izingozi nezinkinga ngalokhu?
Njenganoma iyiphi inqubo yezokwelapha, kunezingozi ezithile ezihilelekile. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, izinkinga ezinkulu azivamile .
- Izinto ezivamile ezingenzeka:
- Ukuphuka
- Ukopha
- Ukuvuvukala
- Ubuhlungu noma ubunzima bokuphulukiswa
- Ukutheleleka kwenxeba lokuhlinzwa
- Izinkinga ezingavamile kakhulu:
- Ukuqoqwa kwegazi ngaphakathi kwebele (i-breast hematoma)
- Ukulimala emaphashini (i-pneumothorax)
Uthini umbiko we-biopsy?
Isampula yezicubu zakho ihlolwa ngudokotela wezifo. Kuye ngemiphumela, kungatholakala ukuthi ayinabungozi, inomdlavuza, noma ayinawo umdlavuza.
Kuthiwani uma kuqinisekiswa ukuthi umdlavuza?
Uma umphumela uba umdlavuza, ungesabi. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza lonke usizo nesiqondiso osidingayo. Umbiko ungafaka okulandelayo:
- Uhlobo lwesimila: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi `sihlasela` (sisakazeka ezicutshini ezizungezile) noma `singesihlasela` (sihlala endaweni eyodwa futhi asisabalali).
- Izinga lesimila: Ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahlukana ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi afana/ahlukile kangakanani namaseli avamile.
- Isimo se-hormone receptor: Ama-hormone asiza ukukhula kweminye imidlavuza. Lokhu kukutshela ukuthi umdlavuza wakho uncike kuma-hormone, njenge-estrogen receptor-positive (ER+).
- Isimo se-HER2: `I-HER2` iyiprotheni esiza amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuthi akhule futhi asakazeke. Lokhu kungakutshela ukuthi umdlavuza wakho 'une-HER2-positive' noma cha.
Ungakhathazeki ngala mazwi. Konke lokhu kwenzelwa ukusiza udokotela ukuthi akhethe indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu kuwe. Uzokuchazela konke.
Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi imiphumela ibuye? Kufanele ngikhulume nini nodokotela?
Ngokuvamile kuthatha cishe isonto elilodwa kuya kwamasonto amabili ukuthola imiphumela ye-biopsy. Siyazi ukuthi lesi kungaba isikhathi esicindezelayo. Lokho kujwayelekile. Ukuqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho evamile, ukwenza izinto ozithandayo, nokukhuluma ngemizwa yakho nomuntu omethembayo kuzokusiza kulesi sikhathi.
Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha:
- Umkhuhlane (ngaphezu kwama-38.4 Celsius / 101 Fahrenheit).
- Ukubomvu noma ubumnyama obungavamile besikhumba esizungeze indawo yokuhlolwa kwegazi.
- Ukuzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu lapho uthinta leyo ndawo.
- Izibazi ezisakazeke ngendlela engavamile.
Yiziphi ezinye izimo ezibukeka njengomdlavuza, kodwa aziwona umdlavuza?
Yebo, akuzona zonke izigaxa noma ushintsho ebeleni oluwumdlavuza. Kunezimo eziningi ezingezona ezomdlavuza (ezingemnandi) ezingabonisa izimpawu zomdlavuza.
- I-Fibroadenoma: Lolu uhlobo oluvamile lwesigaxa esingenawo umdlavuza.
- Ukwakheka kwe-calcium emabeleni: Ukufakwa kwe-calcium ezicutshini zamabele.
- Ama-Cysts:Ama-cyst agcwele uketshezi anjengesikhwama. Lokhu kungaba buhlungu ngezinye izikhathi.
- I-Fibrosis: Izicubu zebele ziyaqina futhi ziqine ngenxa yezinguquko zamahomoni.
Ngakho-ke, uma udokotela ekucela ukuthi wenze i-biopsy, kumane nje ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yiziphi lezi zimo onazo.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukuthi nje ucelwe ukuba wenze i-biopsy yebele akusho ukuthi umdlavuza. Ama-80% e-biopsy abuya engenawo umphumela.
- Indlela kuphela yokwazi ngokuqiniseka okungu-100% ukuthi ushintsho ebeleni luwumdlavuza noma cha ukwenza i-biopsy.
- Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile ngalokhu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile ngezinto ezikukhathazayo kanye nokwesaba kwakho.
- Ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwegazi, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokunembile ngesimo sakho sempilo kanye nemithi oyiphuzayo.
- Landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ngokucophelela ngemva kokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu zokutheleleka, yazisa udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
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