Ake sifunde ngengxenye emangalisayo yobuchopho esisiza ukubona kwakho: i-Occipital Lobe.

Wake wazibuza ukuthi ubona kanjani izinto ezinhle emhlabeni, ukuthi ubona kanjani imibala, nokuthi ukhumbula kanjani ubuso babangani bakho nomndeni wakho? Kukhona ingxenye emangalisayo nebaluleke kakhulu yobuchopho bethu ebangela konke lokhu. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-Occipital Lobe . Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngalesi 'sikhungo sokubona' esihle kakhulu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa .

Iyini i-Occipital Lobe? Ikuphi?

Kalula nje, i-occipital lobe ingenye yezingxenye ezine eziyinhloko zobuchopho bakho. Itholakala ngemuva kwekhanda lakho , ngaphezu kwezincane ezingemuva kwekhanda lakho. Iyona i-lobe encane kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinye i-lobe ebuchosheni bethu. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane, yenza umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu. Ubuwazi? Konke okubonayo ngamehlo akho, okungukuthi, lonke ulwazi olubonakalayo, kuyacutshungulwa, kuqondwe, futhi kuhlaziywe yi-occipital lobe. Uma amehlo ethu ebefana nekhamera, lena yilebhu ecubungula izithombe ezithathwe yileyo khamera.

Le occipital lobe, njengezinye izingxenye zobuchopho, ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili, eyesobunxele neyesokudla. Kukhona umsele omncane phakathi kwalezi ezimbili.

Yimiphi imisebenzi eyinhloko ye-occipital lobe?

Umsebenzi oyinhloko nowukuphela kwawo we-occipital lobe ukucubungula ulwazi olubonakalayo . Okusho ukuthi, ukuqonda lokho esikubonayo ngamehlo ethu. Lena inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kancane. Ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani.

Indlela ulwazi oluvela ngayo emehlweni luye e-occipital lobe

Cabanga ngale ndlela: inhlamvu esweni lakho ifana nefasitela. Leli fasitela yilapho ukukhanya okuvela ezweni langaphandle kungena khona esweni. Ngaphakathi kweso, ngemuva, kunesendlalelo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu samaseli esibizwa ngokuthi i-retina . Izithombe ozibonayo ziguqulwa zibe umlayezo onekhodi onemininingwane eminingi ngamaseli aku-retina.

Le miyalezo ebhalwe ngekhodi ihamba ngemithambo yakho ye-optic iye ebuchosheni bakho. Bese ihamba ibanga elide ngemigudu ye-optic ngaphakathi kobuchopho bakho. Endleleni, lezi zimpawu zidluliselwa ngezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zobuchopho, njenge -thalamus , bese ekugcineni zifinyelela ku-occipital lobe.

Uma lezi zimpawu zifika ku-occipital lobe, umsebenzi wangempela uqala. Okungukuthi, ukuqopha la makhodi athunyelwa ngamehlo nokuguqula lolo lwazi lube yinto ubuchopho obungayisebenzisa futhi buyiqonde.

Le nqubo yenzeka ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezimbili ezithile ze-occipital lobe: i-primary visual cortex kanye ne-secondary visual cortex . "I-cortex" noma i-cortexLeli gama livela egameni lesiLatini elisho "igxolo lomuthi." Libhekisela ebusweni obungaphandle obugobile bobuchopho bethu. Ngakho-ke, le cortex ebonakalayo iyingxenye ye-cortex ecubungula izimpawu ezihlobene nokubona.

Amakhono esiwathola ku-occipital lobe

Ngisho noma sithi "umbono," kunezinye izinqubo eziningi ezahlukene namakhono ngaphakathi kwawo. I-occipital lobe iyasiza kukho konke lokhu. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Ukucubungula indawo: Yilokhu okuhlukanisa izimpawu ezivela ku-retina yakho futhi kukusize ubone izimo, ukwakheka, kanye neminye imininingwane yezinto ezikuzungezile.
• Ukucubungula imibala: Yilokhu okukusiza ukuthi ubone imibala futhi uhlukanise phakathi kwemibala ngayinye kanye nemibala yayo ehlukene. Abanye abantu bangase bangakwazi ukubona imibala ethile, okusho ukuthi kungase kube nobuthakathaka obuthile kule nqubo, njengasezimweni ezifana nokungaboni imibala .
• Ukuqonda ibanga nokujula: Leli khono livumela ubuchopho bakho ukubala ubukhulu bezinto ozibonayo nokuthi zikude kangakanani nawe.
• Ukuqaphela into nobuso: Leli khono likusiza ukuthi uqaphele izinto oke wazibona ngaphambili, ikakhulukazi ubuso babantu ohlangane nabo.

I-occipital lobe isiza kanjani ezinye izitho nezinhlelo?

Amehlo akho yiwo abona lokho okubonayo okuzungezile bese ethumela lolo lwazi njengezibonakaliso ebuchosheni bakho. Kodwa yi-occipital lobe ethatha lezo zibonakaliso, izicubungule, futhi isebenze nezinye izingxenye zobuchopho ukuze iqonde lokho okubonayo.

Isibonelo esihle salokhu ukufunda . Uma ufunda incwadi noma iphephandaba, i-occipital lobe iqala ngokubona izinhlamvu namagama akuyo. Bese, lezo zimo nezimpawu eziqashelwayo zihlanganiswa ne -temporal lobe yobuchopho ukuze kuqondwe ulimi olubhaliwe futhi kuqondwe okuqukethwe yilo. Akuyona yini ukubambisana okuhle?

Yenziwe ngani i-occipital lobe?

I-occipital lobe yakhiwe izinhlobo ezifanayo zamaseli ezakha zonke ezinye izingxenye zobuchopho. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamaseli:

• Ama-Neuron: Lawa amaseli asebuchosheni nasesimisweni sezinzwa angathumela izimpawu kwamanye ama-neuron, noma athole izimpawu futhi azithumele kwenye indawo. Lezi zimpawu zihamba ngaphakathi kwama-neuron njengezimpawu zikagesi. I-neuron iguqula lezi zimpawu zikagesi zibe amakhemikhali bese izikhipha ku-neuron. I-neuron elandelayo ibona lawo makhemikhali bese idala omunye umfutho kagesi. Lena yindlela imiyalezo ehamba ngayo ngokushesha kakhulu ngaphakathi naphakathi kwama-neuron.
• Amaseli e-Glial:Lawa ngamaseli asekelayo esimiso sezinzwa. Awaphathi izimpawu. Kunalokho, agcina ama-neurons, asuse imfucuza, ahlinzeke ngezakhamzimba, futhi ahlinzeke ngokusekelwa kwesakhiwo.

I-occipital lobe isebenza kanjani kubantu abayizimpumputhe?

Lona futhi umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Ngisho nakumuntu oyimpumputhe, i-occipital lobe isasebenza. Kodwa-ke, lowo msebenzi uncike ekutheni umuntu wazalwa eyimpumputhe, waba yimpumputhe esemncane, noma waba yimpumputhe kamuva ekuphileni.

Umsebenzi we-occipital lobe kubantu ababeyizimpumputhe kusukela ekuzalweni noma ebuntwaneni

I-occipital lobe yabantu ababeyizimpumputhe kusukela ekuzalweni noma besebancane kakhulu isasebenza kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, lowo msebenzi uyenzeka uma besebenzisa ezinye izinzwa zabo. Okusho ukuthi, lapho behogela, bezwa, bethinta. Futhi, lapho umuntu oyimpumputhe ekhuluma noma elalela lokho abanye abakushoyo, i-occipital lobe yakhe iba namandla kakhulu.

Ngale ndlela i-occipital lobe ingahlelwa kabusha ukuze yenze umsebenzi ohlukile ibizwa ngokuthi i-neuroplasticity . Okusho ukuthi, ikhono lobuchopho lokuzivumelanisa nezimo noma izimo ezingavamile. Akumangalisi yini?

Umsebenzi we-occipital lobe kubantu ababa yizimpumputhe kamuva ekuphileni

Kubantu ababa yizimpumputhe kamuva ekuphileni ngenxa yezimbangela ezihlobene namehlo, i-visual cortex, eyayike yacubungula ulwazi olubonakalayo, isasabela kancane olwazini oluvela kwezinye izinzwa, yize manje isithola okuncane (noma okungenakho nhlobo) kolwazi olubonakalayo.

Izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko lokhu okwenzeka ngazo yizinzwa zokuzwa nokuthinta. Kalula nje, ubuchopho bakho buqondisa amakhono abo okucubungula okubonayo kwezinye izinzwa. Lokhu kuvumela umuntu ukuthi "abone" into ngokuyithinta, noma akhe isithombe sengqondo sendawo ezungezile ngokusekelwe kulokho akuzwayo.

Yiziphi izifo nezimo ezivamile ezithinta i-occipital lobe?

Noma yisiphi isimo esingathinta izicubu zobuchopho bakho singathinta ne-occipital lobe. Nazi ezinye izibonelo:

• I-Alice in Wonderland syndrome
• Ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile zesifo i-Alzheimer's , isibonelo , i-posterior cortical atrophy
• Izilonda zobuchopho (zingabangelwa yisifo noma umonakalo ovela ekuhlinzweni/ekwelashweni)
• Izimila zobuchopho (kufaka phakathi umdlavuza)
• Ubuthi be-carbon monoxide
• Ukulimala ekhanda, ikakhulukazi ukubhajwa kwemisipha kanye nokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu
• Ubuthi bensimbi enamandla noma obunye ubuthi
• Izifo (ikakhulukazi izifo ezibangela i-encephalitis )
• I-Lewy body dementia
• I-Migraines
• I-Postterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)
• Izimo ezihlobene nokuquleka njengesifo sokuwa
• Isifo sohlangothi
• I-agnosias ebonakalayo (lokhu kungabizwa ngokuthi uphawu kanye nesimo)

Yiziphi izimpawu noma izimpawu ezivamile zezinkinga ze-occipital lobe?

Njengoba umsebenzi oyinhloko we-occipital lobe uhlobene nokubona, izimpawu zezimo ezithinta cishe zonke zihlobene nokubona. Nazi ezinye zezimpawu:

• Ukulahlekelwa umbono (okuyingxenye noma okuphelele)
• I-Visual anosognosia noma i-Anton syndrome
• Ama-agnosia abonakalayo
• Ukukhohlisa okubonakalayo (isb., ukuhlanekezela okuhambisana ne -aura ngesikhathi sokuqaqamba kwekhanda)
• Ukubona izinto ezingekho

Ukulahlekelwa umbono

Uma i-occipital lobe yonakele, ungase ulahlekelwe ingxenye noma yonke indawo yakho yokubona. Lokhu kungathinta iso elilodwa noma womabili amehlo. Uma ulahlekelwe umbono ngokuphelele futhi kuthinta womabili amehlo, kubizwa ngokuthi ubumpumputhe be-cortical . Uma unalesi simo, amehlo akho asebenza kahle, kodwa ubuchopho bakho abukwazi ukucubungula izimpawu zemizwa ezihlobene nombono, okubangela ukuba ube nobumpumputhe.

I-Visual anosognosia noma i-Anton syndrome

Uma ubuchopho bonakalisiwe, ikhono lobuchopho lokuziqapha lingaphazamiseka. Lokhu kungaholela ekungakwazini ukubona izimpawu noma ezinye izimpawu zenkinga. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-visual anosognosia yilapho umuntu oyimpumputhe ephika ukuthi unenkinga yokubona. Olunye uhlobo olungavamile lwe-Anton syndrome yilapho umuntu ecabanga ukuthi uyimpumputhe kodwa ebonisa izimpawu zokuthi umbono wakhe usasebenza (okungenani ngokungazi).

Ama-agnosia abonakalayo

Lesi yisimo lapho ubuchopho bakho bungakwazi ukucubungula kahle lokho okubonayo. Kufana nokuzama ukuvula ifayela kukhompyutha yakho, kodwa awunalo uhlelo olufanele. Ikhompyutha ayikwazi ukuvula ifayela ngoba ayazi ukuthi isetshenziswa kanjani. Yilokho i-visual agnosia eyikho. Ubuchopho bakho abukwazi ukuqonda nokucubungula lokho okubonwa ngamehlo akho. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi ezinye izinzwa zingasiza futhi zisebenze kulokhu.

Ezinye izibonelo:

• I-Object agnosia: Kulokhu, into ibonakala, kodwa umuntu akakwazi ukuyibona. Kodwa-ke, bangase bakwazi ukuyibona ngomsindo (isib., ikati lingase lingabonwa ngokubona, kodwa lingabonakala ngomsindo walo 'wokumemeza') noma ngokuthinta (isib., ukhiye ungase ungabonwa ngokubona, kodwa ungabonakala ngokuthinta kanye nesimo).
• I-color agnosia: Lokhu kungenzeka ngezindlela ezimbili. Eyokuqala ukuthi awukwazi ukucubungula imibala oyibonayo. Lokhu kungabangela imibala ukuba ingabonakali noma ibonakale ingwevu ( i-achromatopsia ). Olunye uhlobo oluyinhloko ukuthi awukwazi ukuhlobanisa imibala namagama ayo. Ungayibona imibala, kodwa ubuchopho bakho abukwazi ukuyiqamba noma ukuyiqaphela uma uyizwa. I-color agnosia ihlukile ebumpumputheni bombala, okuyisifo samehlo.
• I-simultanagnosia ebonakalayo: Yilapho ungabona khona izinto ngazinye kodwa ungaqondi ukuthi zixhumene kanjani. Isibonelo, ungase ungakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi kunezihlahla eziningi ndawonye, ​​​​yize zibonakala njengehlathi.

Ukukhohlisa okubonakalayo

Lokhu kungukuphazamiseka noma izinguquko ekuboneni kwakho. Kwenzeka lapho ubuchopho bakho bungacubunguli kahle izimpawu ezivela emehlweni akho. Lokhu kungathinta izici ezilandelayo zalokho okubonayo:

• Usayizi: Izinto zingabonakala zinkulu noma zincane kunalokho eziyikho.
• Isimo: Izinto zingabonakala ziphambene (cabanga ngendlela isithombe sakho esibukeka ngayo endaweni engalingani, esibukweni esinamaqhubu, noma ebusweni bamanzi ahambayo).
• Ukunyakaza: Into ingabonakala sengathi iyahamba yize empeleni ingami, noma into ehambayo ingabonakala sengathi ingami.

Ukubona izinto ezingekho

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, umbono womuntu uyenzeka ngoba ubuchopho bucubungula izimpawu ezivela emehlweni. Uma lezo zimpawu zifika ku-occipital lobe, ama-neurons akuleyo ndawo athumela izimpawu kwezinye izingxenye zobuchopho. Ukubona izinto ezingekho lapho ama-neurons aku-occipital lobe enza sengathi athola izimpawu ezivela emehlweni, kodwa empeleni asebenza ngokwawo, ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezinjalo. Okusho ukuthi, abonakala sengathi abona izinto ezingekho.

Yiziphi izivivinyo ezitholakalayo zokuhlola impilo ye-occipital lobe?

Odokotela banezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlola impilo ye-occipital lobe yakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga, ukuhlolwa kwelebhu, kanye nokuskena. Nazi izibonelo ezimbalwa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi (lokhu kungathola yonke into kusukela ezinkingeni zesimiso somzimba kuya ebuthi kanye nobuthi, ikakhulukazi izinsimbi ezifana nethusi, i-mercury, kanye nomthofu).
• I-computed tomography (CT) scan
• I-Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• I-Electromyogram (EMG) (I-Electromyogram (ukuhlolwa kokuhanjiswa kwemizwa) )
• Amandla avuselelwe ( izivivinyo zemizwa)
• Ukuthwebula izithombe ze-magnetic resonance (MRI)
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-neuropsychological
• Ukuskena kwe-positron emission tomography (PET)

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zezimo ezithinta i-occipital lobe?

Kunezimo eziningi ezingathinta izicubu zobuchopho bakho, futhi ukwelashwa kwalezo zimo kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ukwelashwa okusebenza kwesinye isimo kungase kungasebenzi kwesinye, noma kungenza esinye sibe sibi nakakhulu. Ngakho-ke, udokotela ungumuntu ongcono kakhulu ukukunikeza ulwazi mayelana nezinketho zokwelapha zanoma yisiphi isimo sobuchopho. Bazocabangela umlando wakho wezokwelapha, isimo samanje, okuthandayo, kanye nezinye izici ukuze bakunike izimpendulo ezihambisana nesimo sakho.

Yini engingayenza ukuze ngigcine i-occipital lobe yami iphilile?

Kunezinto eziningi ongazenza ukuze ugcine ubuchopho bakho bonke, okuhlanganisa ne-occipital lobe yakho, buphilile. Ezinye izimo zobuchopho zingavinjelwa. Ezinye zingase zingavinjelwa, kodwa unganciphisa ingozi yakho yokuzithola. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ongazenza:

• Yidla ukudla okulinganiselayo: I-vitamin D eningi kakhulu noma encane kakhulu ingabangela izinkinga ebuchosheni bakho, okuhlanganisa ne-occipital lobe. Ukudla kwakho kuthinta nempilo yesistimu yakho yokujikeleza kwegazi, okubalulekile ukuze ubuchopho busebenze kahle (ukukhubazeka kuyisibonelo sesimo esenzeka lapho izifo zesistimu yokujikeleza kwegazi zithinta ubuchopho).
• Hlala umatasa ngokomzimba futhi ulondoloze isisindo esinempilo: Isisindo sakho kanye nezinga lomsebenzi kungasiza ekuvimbeleni noma ekubambezeleni izimo ezithinta ubuchopho, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi njengomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Udokotela wakho womndeni angakutshela ukuthi isisindo sakho esifanele siyini nokuthi yini ongayenza ukuze usilondoloze. Umsebenzi womzimba nawo muhle ebuchosheni bakho. Akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi, kodwa futhi kukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali awusizo abizwa ngokuthi ama-neurotransmitters akhiqizwa ngokwemvelo ebuchosheni.
• Gqoka izinto zokuzivikela uma kudingeka: Ukulimala ekhanda, ikakhulukazi ukuxhuzula kanye nokulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu, kuyingozi kakhulu ku-occipital lobe yakho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi le ngxenye yobuchopho itholakala ngemuva kwekhanda, okwenza kube lula ukulimala. Ukugqoka isigqoko sokuzivikela, amabhande okuphepha (njengamabhande esihlalo), nezinye izinto zokuzivikela kungasiza kakhulu ekuvimbeleni izinkinga ze-occipital lobe.
• Lawula izimo zakho ezingamahlalakhona: Izimo eziningi ezithinta ubuchopho ziya ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa-ke, ukwelapha lezi zimo ngezinye izikhathi kungazimisa noma kunciphise ukuqhubeka kwazo. Izibonelo zalezi zimo zifaka phakathi isifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili kanye nesifo sokuwa.

Khumbula, i-occipital lobe iyingxenye encane kakhulu yobuchopho bethu, kodwa iyisitho esiyinhloko esisisiza sibone futhi sizizwele umhlaba. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuwunakekela!

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-occipital lobe ingaba yi-lobe encane kunazo zonke ebuchosheni bakho, kodwa yingxenye esithembele kuyo sonke isikhathi esiningi. Njengoba itholakala ngemuva kwekhanda, le ngxenye yobuchopho icubungula izimpawu ezivela emehlweni akho. Nakuba ingathinteka yizifo eziningi nezimo, ukuqonda kwesayensi nokwezokwelapha ngalesi sifunda sobuchopho kunesithembiso sokuxilonga nokwelapha eziningi zalezi zinkinga.

I-occipital lobe ixhunywe nakwezinye izingxenye eziningi zobuchopho, okuhlanganisa ukubona kanye namanye amakhono amaningi. Iyingxenye ebalulekile yekhono lakho lokubona nokuqonda umhlaba okuzungezile. Iphinde ikusize ukwakha izinkumbulo ngokuthumela ulwazi mayelana nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zobuchopho. Ngakho-ke, noma i-occipital lobe itholakala ngemuva kwekhanda lawo wonke umuntu (ngokoqobo nangokomfanekiso), le ngxenye yobuchopho ingenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakho yansuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, kungumthwalo wakho wemfanelo ukunakekela kahle leli qhawe elincane.

I- Occipital Lobe, Ubuchopho, Umbono, I-Retina, I-Visual Cortex, I-Neurology